TECHNICAL REPORT

ON
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

AT

OZEENT NIGERIA LIMITED

SHOP 3/4 KAJOLA STREET IGBO OLOYIN,AKINYELE OYO STATE.

PREPARED BY:

ALARAPE MALIK TUNDE

MATRICULATION NUMBER:

2022703020023

SUBMITTED TO:

SWIES COORDINATOR IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT TO REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA.

IN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

THE POLYTHENIC, IBADAN, IBADAN, OYO STATE.

NOVEMBER, 2023
 Table Of Contents
CERTIFICATION ....................................................................................... 3
APPROVAL PAGE ...................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................... 5
1.1 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................... 6
1.2 BODIES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES................................. 7
1.3 BACKGROUND OF ESTABLISHMENT........................................................ 9
CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................... 10
2.0 WORK EXPERIENCE DURING ATTACHMENT............................................ 10
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................... 11
3.0 INTRODUCTION TO SITE MATERIALS EQUIPMENTS AND MACHINERIES. ..... 11
CHAPTER FOUR ...................................................................................... 19
4.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING ATTACHMENT. ................................ 19
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 19
RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................ 21
REFRENCES........................................................................................... 23
 CERTIFICATION

This is to clarify that the work during the four months industrial

training was carried out by Alarape Malik Tunde of the department

of Building Technology at The Polytechnic Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo State.

Held at Ozeent Nigeria Limited, Shop 3/4 Kajola street Igbo Oloyin ,

Akinyele, Oyo State. And that this report is written by me in the

best of the practical knowledge I gained during the course of the

training.

Supervisor Signature and Date.

[Departmental]
 APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, SIWES technical report,

on student industrial work experience by ALARAPE MALIK
TUNDE, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
award of a National Diploma has been approved.
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

BACKGROUND

In the earlier stage of science and technology education in

Nigeria, students were graduating from their respective

institutions without any technical knowledge or working

experience. It was in this view that student undergoing science

and technology related courses were mandated for students in

different institutions in view of widening their horizons so as to

enable them have technical knowledge or working experience

before graduating from their various institution.

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was

established by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in 1973 to

enable students of tertiary institution have technical knowledge

on industrial work based on their course of study before the

completion of their program in their respective institutions. The

scheme was designed to expose students to industrial

environment and enable them develop occupational

competencies so that they can readily contribute their quota to

national economic and technological development after

graduation . The major background behind the embankments of

 student in SIWES was to expose them to the industrial

environment and enable them develop occupational

competencies so that they can readily contribute their quota to

national economic and technological development after

graduation. The major benefit accruing to students who

participate conscientiously in Student Industrial Work Experience

Scheme (SIWES) are the skills and competencies they acquire.

The relevant production skills remain a part of the recipients of

industrial training as life-long assets which cannot be taken

away from them. This is because the knowledge and skills

acquired through training are internalized and became relevant

when required to perform the jobs or functions

1.1 OBJECTIVES

The Industrial Training Fund policy Documented No. 1 of 1973

which established SIWES outlined the objectives of the scheme.

The objectives are to:

1. Provide an avenue for students in higher institution of learning

to acquire industrial skills during their course of study.

2. Prepare students for industrial work situations that they are

likely to meet after graduation

 3. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling

equipment and machinery that may not be available in their

institutions

4. Make the transition from school to the world of work easier

and enhance students contact for later job placements

5. Provide students with the opportunity to apply their

educational knowledge in real work situations, thereby bridging

the gap between theory and practice.

6. Enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire

educational process and prepare students for employment in

industry and commerce (Information and Guideline for SIWES,

2002)

1.2 BODIES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES

THE BODIES INVOLVED ARE

⚫ The Federal Government

⚫ Industrial Training Fund (ITF)

Other supervising agents are

⚫ National University Commission (NUC)

⚫ National Board for Technical Education (NBTE)

⚫ National Council For Colleges Of Education (NCE)

The functions of these Agencies above include ;

⚫ Establishing SIWES and accredit SIWES unit in the approved

institutions
⚫ Supervise student at their places of attachment and sign their log

book and IT form

⚫ Ensure payment of allowances for the students and supervisors.

⚫ Ensure adequate funding of the scheme

⚫ Formulate policies and guideline for participating bodies and

institutions as well as appointing SIWES coordinators and supporting

staff.
1.3 BACKGROUND OF ESTABLISHMENT

Golden Stone Limited was established in Unit to advice on capital

projects and liaise with external consultants, where necessary,

within the frame work of an approve master plan, the Unit prepares

development programs, and monitor and co-ordinates physical

development activities .

With its professional staff , the company reviews building stock and

infrastructural facilities to determine performance. For future

purpose and development, the company had adopted two types of

building. They are the Arts-type of building and the Science and

Technology type of buildings. The former accommodates facilities

such as Arts, Social Science, Business Administration, etc., while

the latter is structured to meet the needs of facilities such as

Science, Environmental Sciences. Engineering etc.

 CHAPTER 2

2.0 WORK EXPERIENCE DURING ATTACHMENT

I was introduced to my industrial based supervisor to the proposed

buildings from the scratch which includes: site clearing, setting out,

excavation, laying of concrete foundation, setting of foundation

blocks, the over-site concrete, setting out on the oversite concrete,

marking out of windows and doors, casting of columns and lintels,

setting out and digging of the septic and soak away tank, and also

the casting of slab cover for septic tank, block setting of the

surrounding fence, rendering of the fence surrounding the building.

My duty was to observe and report the weekly construction and

activities and work progress carried out on site, and also to execute

a brief inspection of the complaint with respect to the building, from

each department and report to the office for further actions.

 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 INTRODUCTION TO SITE MATERIALS EQUIPMENTS AND

MACHINERIES.

In the process of my work experience program I was introduced to

various materials, equipment and machinery used in the

construction and development of a building.

MATERIALS

Example of materials used in the building construction are as

follows ;

Cement: This is a powdered substance that develops strong

adhesive properties when mixed with water. It is used in Block

Work, Plastering, Rendering and Concreting. The establishment of

Cement is achieved by burning a mixture of clay and chalk or

limestone in a kiln. A proportion of the raw materials in a definite

proportion are converted into a liquid state by grinding, mixing and

watering, termed Slurry. The slurry is then conveyed through a set

of pipes to rotary kiln which dry and burn the constituent in higher

temperature to form hard lumps.

This process changes the slurry to hard lumps called clinker, which

afterwards pass on through a conveyor belt to the grinding, small

quantity of gypsum of between 2 and 5% of the whole materials is

added to retard the setting time. Tests are usually carried out on

the finished product occasionally to ensure higher quality.

This process is mainly on Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) used for

general purposes. There are other types of cement made for special

purposes, including Rapid Hardening Portland Cement (RHPC),

Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement And Low Heat Portland Cement,

Water Repellent Portland Cement, White Cement and so on.

Reinforcement: Reinforcement is provided in concrete structures

to enhance its tensile strength. Therefore in all structural elements,

the reinforcement is provided in the region of the element that will

be subjected to tension. Standard bar diameters~

6,8,10,12,16,20,25,32 and 40 mm.

Aggregates: This consist of sand, ground crushed stone, pebbles,

broken blocks and similar such materials. Aggregates may either be

light or heavy weight and also All-in-Aggregates. Aggregates must

be clean and inert in the presence of water.

Aggregates are of two types:

Fine aggregate; this should be clean, sharp and passes through the

sieve size of 4.5mm.

Coarse aggregates: aggregates which consist of largely of particles

over 5mm in diameter. This is usually gravel or crushed stones.

EQUIPMENT'S

The following are examples of various tools used in construction;

1. Tape

It consists of a flexible ribbon of plastic, fiber glass, or metal strip

with linear-measurement markings. This is used to measure

length, size, or distance.

2. Masonry Trowel

It is a hand tool used in brickwork, stonework, or plastering for

placing, leveling, shaping, and smoothing mortar or concrete.

They are available in various shapes and sizes depending upon

the work.

Floating Slab – Construction, Advantages, & Disadvantages

3. Head Pan

It is a round container, like a bowl used to transport construction

Materials

4. Plumb Bob

Plumb bob is a small weight with a pointed tip, hangs from a

string. This is one of the most important construction tools used

to check vertical alignment for civil works.

5. Digger

It is a long-handled tool with a sharp metal blade used for

digging, mixing concrete ingredients, placing mortar/concrete in

head pan etc.

6. Wooden Float

This tool has a plane surface used to make concrete surface

smooth during plastering and finishing.

7. Spade

A long-handled tool consisting of a blade, stunted and less

curved than that of a shovel mainly used for digging purposes.

8. Concrete Mixer

This is a construction tool used to mix cement, sand, aggregates

and water manually and produce concrete.

9. Sand Screening Machine

It is used to sieve sand for use in construction work. Sand is

poured on the sieve or mesh which vibrates and separate fine

grain sand easily.

10. Drill

Drill machine is used to make a hole of circular cross-section in

solid materials like wood, steel, concrete, etc.

CONCRETING

This is generally referred to as casting. It is a process of working

with freshly mixed concrete especially the placing of concrete.

Before the establishment of the ground floor some procedures

where undertaken. Such procedures includes:

1. Material supply and storage: this is the receiving on site of the

basic materials namely cement, the fine and coarse aggregates and

storing them under satisfactory condition.

Cement is supplied in bags from and stored on racks to prevent

moisture penetration from the ground in a dry store free from

draught which can introduce moist air and cause air set of the

material. Cement should not be stored on the site for long period of

time on site; therefore provision should be made for rational use so

that the materials being used comes from older stocks.

Aggregates were stored in bays on a clean firm base to ensure that

foreign matter is not included when extracting materials from the

base of the stock pile.

Batching: Batching is the process of measuring concrete mix

ingredients either by volume or by mass and introducing them into

the mixture. Traditionally batching is done by volume but most

specifications require that batching be done by mass rather than

volume. Percentage of accuracy for measurement of concrete

materials as follows.

Mixing: The purpose of mixing is to coat the surfaces of Aggregate

particles with cement paste and to make it a uniform mass. The

quality of mixture depends on the accuracy of proportioning of the

materials and the method of mixing. The method of mixing was

carried out mechanically through the use of a Tilting Drum Concrete

mixer

Transportation: This involves the means of conveying concrete

from the point of mixing to the point of placement. The choice of

transportation depends on the size and complexity of the site,

weather condition and the height of the placement of the concrete.

The mode of transportation used was the manual method with the

use of head pans and labour. A mason`s ladder made of both

bamboo and timber was constructed to enhance vertical/inclined

movements.

Placing: Before the concrete was placed in the form-work, the

inside of the form-work is thoroughly cleaned and a release agent

(lubricant) was applied after the form-work was blown off of dust.

The concrete was placed at a reasonable height of not more than

1m so as to avoid the segregation of its component materials.

Compacting: The Compacting of freshly placed concrete is to make

it a unit mass by eliminating voids within it. The method and type of

compaction given to concrete depend on the nature of work. Poker

was used for the compacting of concrete during the pouring of

concrete.

Curing: After the placing and compacting of the concrete it is

allowed to sufficiently harden for a day then the curing process

come in which involves the prevention of the evaporation of

moisture in the concrete. The concrete was watered 7days with use

of a hose pipe connected to a tank. This was done to avoid

shrinkage of the concrete and cause a more permanent and durable

material produced .

After 21 days the form-work are removed completely to enhance

the full setting of the reinforced concrete floor

Hence, concreting was carried out on almost all the construction

work during my period of attachment

SETTING OUT

Refers to the act of measuring and marking out a full size plan of a

building or element of a building on a site. This is accomplished by

transferring the architectural details from paper to the ground.

 FOUNDATION WORKS

Foundation consist of firm strata to prevent differential settlement

of the structure and it provides stability to the structure. It transfers

the weight of the structure (live,dead and other loads) to the earth.

BLOCKWORK

The walling system was mostly carried out using sand-crete hollow

blocks. The sizes of blocks were used in respect to their functions.

The 6 inches blocks were used mostly for internal walls while the

9inches blocks were used in load bearing areas and external walling.

The bonding process used in the union of these block is Stretcher

Bond; which is when the stretcher faces of the blocks appear on the

front or rear elevation of the wall

LINTELS

Lintel is referred to as the beam above an opening in a building,

which supports the weight above it and transmits such weight of the

imposed materials to the vertical sides of the wall opening. The

lintel used for the opening in construction of fence was Precast

Reinforced Concrete Lintel that was constructed on site by using a

wooden mould while the cast in-situ lintel was used for the

construction of the new university hostel. The precast lintel was

transported and placed manually. One of the advantages of precast

lintel is that it quickens production.

 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING ATTACHMENT.

1. Access Road: The access road to the site is extremely poor

due to lack of drainage and constant passage of heavy vehicles such

as lorries and trailer.

2. Land Pollution: The soil and water of the land is polluted as

a result of oil spillage from trailers that were formerly abandoned on

the land.

3. Nature of soil: The area of the site appears to be water

logged thereby providing ponds of water in excavated trenches.

4. Site Accommodation: The site is a bit not conducive,

because of the non availability of lack of bed, mosquito nets, for

laborers to use, instead they sleep on plywood and cover

themselves with unhealthy cloths from harmful insects.

CONCLUSION

My four months Industrial training at Ozeent Nigeria Limited has

been one of the interesting, productive and educative experience of

my life. Through the training I gained insight and more

comprehensive understanding about the real industrial working

condition and has greatly improved my inter-personal skill. As a

result of the programme, I am more confident to build my future

career which I have already started at Golden Stone Limited.

 RECOMMENDATION

The following recommendation is referred to the establishment I

undergo during my SIWES program, my college, Industrial Training

Fund And The Government; in other to improve and enhance the

expected results of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme;

1. The Federal Government should establish and promote laws

and agencies that regulate land use to prevent pollution.

2. The Federal Government should provide and construct

adequate roads in less developed areas.

3. The Federal Government should provide industries and

organizations with incentives to encourage and solicit cooperation

and contribution to the programme.

4. The management of Ozeent Nigeria limited can create and

organize a special forum for students on attachment, this will help

in discovering students potentials and to appropriately use then

effectively.

5. The management of Ozeent Nigeria Limited should provide

adequate social amenities for their workers and enhance the welfare

of their workers.
 6. The management of Ozeent Nigeria Limited should try to

encourage workers initiatives and contributions to projects so as to

enhance their esteem and contributions to such projects.

7. The Industrial Training Fund should provide a network in which

establishment and school could communicate better so as promotes

easier means of finding placements.

 REFRENCES

1. Dictionary of architecture and building construction by Nikolas

Davis and Erkki Jokiniemi.

2. Building Construction Handbook By Roy Chudley And Roger

Grreno.

3. Building Construction Illustrated By Francis D.K Ching (4 th

edition).

4. Essential Elements Of Block-Work Construction By Udoh

Christopher Timothy (Vol. 1).

5. The Construction Of Building By Barry r. Vol 1&2 (1971).

6. Encyclopedia Britannica; Ultimate Refrence Suit (2014).

7. Oxford English University.