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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________________________
Notes: A 10.4 – Qualitative Electrolysis Chemistry- Form 5
The Faraday constant
Electrical charge (Q) is measured in ____________________________ Faraday’s constant: ____________________________ o One mole of electrons (i.e. 6.0x1023 electrons) has a charge of 96,500C Electrical current ( I ) is the rate at which electrical charge flows through a circuit and is measured in _____________ We can calculate the amount of charge that flows through a circuit if we know the amount of time the current flows for:
o Ex. Calculate the amount of charge that flows when a current of 2A flows in a circuit for 20mins:
We can calculate the number of moles of electrons that can be calculated from the charge and Faraday’s constant o Ex. Calculate the number of moles of electrons in 3600C
How to calculate the masses and volumes of substances liberated during electrolysis Ex. Calculate the mass of lead deposited at the cathode when a current of 2.2A flows through molten lead(II) bromide for 25mins
Ex. A steel spoon needs to be electroplated with 0.08 kg of chromium. Calculate the length of time that a current of 15.0 A would have to flow to electroplate the spoon. A 10.5- Industrial applications of electrolysis
Extraction of metals o Reactive metals can be extracted from their ore using electrolysis Ex. extraction of aluminum from Al2O3
Anodising o Process where the thickness of an aluminum oxide layer is artificially increased Steps: 1. Aluminum sheet is treated with NaOH and outer oxide layer is removed 2. Aluminum sheet is then placed in dilute sulphuric acid solution as the anode in the electrolysis of the sulphuric acid
3. Oxygen gas formed reacts with aluminum anode forming thicker oxide layer
Electroplating o Depositing thin layer of one metal on top of another, usually brass, nickel, or steel Steps: 1. Object being electroplated is made at cathode 2. Anode is usually a pure sample of the metal which is being used for plating; anode is active an ionizes 3. Electrolyte must contain ions of the metal which is being used for plating Ex. chromium plating, silver plating, and nickel plating
Purification of metals (i.e. electrorefining)
o Electrolysis is used to produce pure metals from impure samples of the metal Ex. purification of copper Impure copper is the anode and pure copper is the cathode Electrolyte is a copper(II) sulphate solution Active anode ionizes:
Reaction at cathode:
Amount of copper dissolving at the anode is exactly the same as the amount of copper depositing on the cathode Impurities fall to bottom of cell and form a sludge
