Multiple Integrals

Fubini’s Theorem for Triple Integrals

Theorem. If f is continuous on the rectangular box B = [a, b] ⇥ [c, d] ⇥ [r, s], then
ZZZ Z sZ d Z b
f (x, y, z)dV = f (x, y, z)dxdydz
B r c a

Example: Integrate ex+y+z over the box [0, 1] ⇥ [0, 1] ⇥ [0, 1]

Solution: We perform the integrations in the standard order:

Z 1Z 1Z 1 Z 1Z 1⇣ ⌘
x+y+z 1
e x+y+z
dxdydz = e x=0
dydz
0 0
Z 01 Z 1 0 0
Z 1
1+y+z y+z 1
⇥ 1+y+z ⇤
= e e y+z
dydz = e e y=0
dz
Z0 1 0 0

z 1
⇥ 2+z 1+z
⇤ ⇥ 2+z 1+z
⇤
= e 2e + e dz = e
z
2e +e 0
0
3
=e 3e2 + 3e 1 = (e 1)3
 Multiple Integrals

Triple Integrals Over General Bounded Domain:

• Let E ✓ R3 be a bounded region and f : E ! R be a continuous function. Note that we can
find a box B in R3 such that E ✓ B.

• We can extend the definition of the triple integral of f over E by considering the extention
of f to B by setting it ’zero’ on B\E. Let F denote this extention of f .

• The triple integral of f over E is defined by

ZZZ ZZZ
f (x, y, z)dV = F (x, y, z)dV
E B

• As in the case of double integrals we may not be able to explicitly compute triple integrals
over general bounded domains. However, we can address the problem for some simple regions.
 Multiple Integrals

Triple Integrals Over General Bounded Domain:

• In particular, if E lies between the graphs of two continuous functions of two variables x and
y, that is, if the region is of the type

E = {(x, y, z) : (x, y) 2 D, u1 (x, y)  z  u2 (x, y)}

where D = {(x, y) : (x, y, z) 2 E} is the projection of E onto the xy-plane and u1 and u2 are
continuous functions.

• For such regions the Fubini’s theorem for

triple integrals is
!
ZZZ ZZ Z u2 (x,y)
f (x, y, z)dV = f (x, y, z)dz dA
E D u1 (x,y)

Note that after performing the integration with respect to z,

we will get a double integral over the domain D.

Further, the same idea as above works when the roles of

variables are interchanged.
 Multiple Integrals

Triple Integrals Over General Bounded Domain:

Few more simple cases:
If
E = {(x, y, z) | c 6 y 6 d, h1 (y) 6 x 6 h2 (y), u1 (x, y) 6 z 6 u2 (x, y)} ,
then

ZZZ Z d Z h2 (y) Z u2 (x,y)

f (x, y, z)dV = f (x, y, z)dzdxdy
E c h1 (y) u1 (x,y)
 Multiple Integrals

Example: Let S be the sphere of radius 5 centered at the origin, and let D be
the region under the sphere that lies above the plane z = 3. Set up the limits of
integration for evaluating the triple integral of a function F (x, y, z) over the region
D.

ZZZ Z 4 Z p
16 x2 Z p25 x2 y 2
F (x, y, z)dzdydx = p
F (x, y, z)dzdydx
D 4 16 x2 3
 Multiple Integrals

RRR
Example: Evaluate E
zdV , where E is the solid tetrahedron
bounded by the four planes x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, and x + y + z = 1.

E = {(x, y, z) | 0 6 x 6 1, 0 6 y 6 1 x, 0 6 z 6 1 x y}

ZZZ Z 1 Z 1 x Z 1 x y
1
zdV = zdzdydx =
E 0 0 0 24
 Multiple Integrals

Example: Let W be the region bounded by the planes x = 0, y = 0, and

the surface z = x2 + y 2 and lying in the quadrant x
z = 2, andRRR 0, y 0.
Compute W
xdxdydz and sketch the region.

Figure: W is the region below the plane

z = 2, above the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 , and
on the positive sides of the planes x = 0, y =
0.
p p
0  x  2, 0  y  2 x2 , x2 +y 2  z  2

p "Z p #
ZZZ Z 2 2 x2 ✓Z 2 ◆
xdxdydz = xdz dy dx
W 0 0 x2 +y 2
 Multiple Integrals

Example: Let W be the region bounded by the planes x = 0, y = 0, and

the surface z = x2 + y 2 and lying in the quadrant x
z = 2, andRRR 0, y 0.
Compute W
xdxdydz and sketch the region.

p p
0x 2, 0y 2 x2 , x2 +y 2  z  2
 0 1/2
1
ZZZ ZZ Z (z y2 )
xdxdydz = @ xdxA dydz
W D 0
2 0 1/2
1 3
Z 2 Z z 1/2 Z (z y2)
= 4 @ xdxA dy 5 dz
0 0 0
 Multiple Integrals

RRR p
Example: Evaluate E
x2 + z 2 dV , where E is the region bounded by the paraboloid
y = x2 + z 2 and the plane y = 4.
 Multiple Integrals

RRR p
Example: Evaluate E
x2 + z 2 dV , where E is the region bounded by the paraboloid
y = x2 + z 2 and the plane y = 4.

n p p o
2
E = (x, y, z) | 2 6 x 6 2, x 6 y 6 4, y 2
x 6z6 y x2

ZZZ p Z 2 Z 4 Z py x2 p
x2 + z 2 dV = p x2 + z 2 dzdydx
E 2 x2 y x2
 Multiple Integrals

RRR p
Example: Evaluate E
x2 + z 2 dV , where E is the region bounded by the paraboloid
y = x2 + z 2 and the plane y = 4.

ZZZ p Z 2 Z p
4 x2 Z 4 p
x2 + z 2 dV = p
x2 + z 2 dydzdx
E 2 4 x2 x2 +z 2

128⇡
=
15
Multiple Integrals