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DBMS: Course Objectives

COURSE OBJECTIVES

APEX INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY The Course aims to:

• Understand database system concepts and design databases for different applications
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
and to acquire the knowledge on DBMS and RDBMS.
• Implement and understand different types of DDL, DML and DCL statements.
Database Management System (21CSH-243)
• Understand transaction concepts related to databases and recovery/backup techniques
Faculty: Prof. (Dr.) Vineet Mehan (E13038)
required for the proper storage of data.

Lecture - 8 DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

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ER Model

COURSE OUTCOMES Unit-1 Syllabus

Unit-1 Introduction to Databases and Relational Algebra
On completion of this course, the students shall be able to:-
Overview of Database concepts, DBMS, Data Base System Architecture (Three
Understand the database concept, system architecture and role of database Databases: Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture), Advantages and Disadvantages of
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administrator DBMS, Data Independence, DBA and Responsibilities of DBA,
Relational Data Structure, Keys, Relations, Attributes, Schema and
Instances, Referential integrity, Entity integrity.

Data Models: Relational Model, Network Model, Hierarchical Model, ER Model:

Design, issues, Mapping constraints, ER diagram, Comparison of
Models
Relational Introduction, Syntax, Semantics, Additional operators, Grouping and
Algebra & Ungrouping, Relational comparisons, Tuple Calculus, Domain
Relational Calculus, Calculus Vs Algebra, Computational capabilities
Calculus:
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SUGGESTIVE READINGS The E-R Model

• TEXT BOOKS • E stands for Entity.
• Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe, “Fundamentals of Database
System”, The Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Co
• Korth and Silberschatz Abraham, “Database System Concepts”, McGraw Hall • R stands for Relationship.
• Pratt, “ DBMS”, Cengage Learning
• E-R combination makes Entity Relationship Model.
• REFERENCE BOOKS
• C.J.Date, “An Introduction to Database Systems”, Addison Wesley
• Rob,” Database Principal Fundamental Design, Cengage Learning • An ER model is an abstract way of describing a database.

By: Pramod Vishwakarma (E9758) 5 6

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E-R Diagram COMPONENTS OF AN E-R DIAGRAM

1. ENTITY
• ER-Diagram is a visual representation of data that describes
how data is related to each other. WEAK ENTITY

2. ATTRIBUTE
KEY ATTRIBUTE
COMPOSITE ATTRIBUTE

3. RELATIONSHIP

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1. ENTITY ENTITY
• An Entity can be any object, place, person or class.
• Consider an example of an Organisation.

• In E-R Diagram, an entity is represented using rectangles.

• Employee, Manager, Department, Product and many more
can be taken as entities from an Organisation.

Entity

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WEAK ENTITY 2. ATTRIBUTE

• An Attribute describes a property or characteristic of an entity.
• Weak entity is an entity that depends on another entity.

• For example, Name, Age, Address, ID etc. can be attributes of a

• Weak entity does not have key attribute of their own. Student.

• Double rectangle represents weak entity. • An attribute is represented using eclipse.

ATTRIBUTE

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ATTRIBUTE KEY ATTRIBUTE

• Key attribute represents the main characteristic of an Entity.

• It is used to represent Primary key.

• Ellipse with underlying lines represent Key Attribute.

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COMPOSITE ATTRIBUTE
KEY ATTRIBUTE
• An attribute can also have their own attributes.

• These attributes are known as Composite attribute.

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3. RELATIONSHIPS RELATIONSHIPS
• There are three types of relationship that exist between Entities.
• A Relationship describes relations between entities.

3.1 Binary Relationship

• Relationship is represented using diamonds.

3.2 Recursive Relationship

3.3 Ternary Relationship

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3.1 BINARY RELATIONSHIP 3.1.1 One to One

• Binary Relationship means relation between two Entities.
• This type of relationship is rarely seen in real world.

• This is further divided into three types.

• One student can enroll only for one course and a course will
also have only one Student.
3.1.1 One to One
3.1.2 One to Many
3.1.3 Many to Many

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3.1.2 One to Many 3.1.3 Many to Many

• It reflects business rule that one entity is associated with

many number of same entity.

• For example, Student enrolls for only one Course but a

Course can have many Students.

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3.2 Recursive Relationship Recursive Relationship

• A recursive relationship is a relationship between an entity and itself.
• 1:1 unary relationship

• Also called as Unary Relationship • A Person may be married to only one Person.

• A unary relationship is when both participants in the relationship are

the same entity.

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Recursive Relationship Recursive Relationship

• 1:M unary relationship • M:N unary relationship

• An Employee may manage many Employees, but an • A Subject may have many other Subjects as prerequisites
Employee is managed by only one Employee. and each Subject may be a prerequisite to many other
Subjects

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3.3 Ternary Relationship Summary

• ER Model
• A ternary relationship is when three entities participate in
the relationship.
• Component of ER Model
• For Example: The University might need to record which
teachers taught which subjects in which courses

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Assessment Questions REFERENCES

• Construct an ER diagram for Car Insurance Company whose • http://www.cs.sfu.ca/CourseCentral/354/zaiane/material/notes/Chap
customers owns more than one cars. Each car is associated with zero ter1/node4.html
to any number of recorded accidents. • www.studytonight.com/dbms/er-diagram.php

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: vineet.e13038@cumail.in
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