Manual de Ingles

María Fernanda Cabello Martínez
SIMPLE PRESENT
Whe use the simple present to talk abaut habitual actions,
general truths and to express actions or situations tant occur
regulary in the present or that are permanent. We use it in
three ways: Afirmative, general truths; Negative, what we do
not do or is not true; Interrogative, asking about things that
usually happn or to abtain information.
This estructure is the next one:
 AFIRMATIVE:
1- Select the subject.

SUBJECT SIGNIFICADO
I Yo
You Tu
She Ella
He El
It Eso- Animal o cosa
We Nosotros (as)
You Ustedes
They Ellos (as)
 You must complement the sentence with:

Subject + Verb + Complement
She plays tennis every Saturday
He play tennis every Saturday
2- Add the verb
 When we use the subject I, You, We, They we conjugate

it as:
Subject + Verb + Complement
Example: I like cats
 When we use the subjects He, She, It we will conjugate
the like:
Subject + Verb + s ies es + Complement
Example: She writes stories
How to do it?
 It must be identified that if the verb ends in Y in the
previous letter it has a consunant or vowel.
 When the verb ends in “y” and there is a consonant
before it, we change the “y” to “i” and add “es” to
have “ies” at the end.
Example: Try – Tries
 When the verb ends in “y” and there is a vowel
beforeit, “s” is added.
Example: Stay – Stays
 When the verb ends in s, o, sh, ch, h, x, z “es” is added.
Example: Miss – Misses… Go – Goes… Wish – Wishes…
Teach – Teaches… Brush – Brushes… Relax – Relaxes…
Quiz – Quizzes.
 It the verb does not comply with these rules we only add
“s”.
Example: Open – Opens… Help – Helps… Visit – Visits…
Travel – Travels.
 NEGATIVE:
 When we use the subjects I, You, We, They we use “do

not” (don`t).
Example: I don`t like pizza.
 When we use the subject He, She, It we use “does not”
(doesn`t).
Example: She doesn`t eat fruit
 We add the main verb in its base from after “do not” or
“does not”.
Example: We don`t drink coffe in the morning.
 In the negative from, the main verb becomes its
negative form using “do not” or “does not” depending
on the subject pronoun, and the follows the main verb in
its base from.
 INTERROGATIVE:
1- Select the question

SIGNIFICADO
Who Quién
Where Dónde
When Cuando
Why Por qué
What Qué/Cual
How Cómo
Which Cuál
How many Cuantos (contables)
How much Cuanto (no contable)
How often Qué tan seguido
 You must complete the question with:

Auxiliary verb + Person + Veb + Complement
Example: Do you play volleyball?
2- Add the question

 When we use the subjects I, You, We, They is used “do”.
Example: Do you like hamburguer?
 When we use the subjects He, She, It is used “does”.
Example: Does she eat fruit?
 We place the subject after “do” or “does”.
Example: Do we drink coffe in the morning?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
We use the present continuous to talk about actions that are
happening at the current momento, or for events that are
temporary. Its form using the verb “to be” in the present (am,
is, are) foolowed by the main verb with the ending –ing.
 To talk abaut actions that constantly happen, You can

use adverbs like:
SIGNIFICADO
Always Siempre
Forever Para siempre
Constantly Constantemente
Often Muy seguido
Sometimes Algunas veces
Rarely Raramente/rara la vez
Neves Nunca
 AFIRMATIVE:
 In the afirmative, the verb “to be” is used in the present

(am, is, are) followed by the main verb with the –ing
ending.
SIGNIFICADO
am soy
is es
are son
 Rules of how to use –ing.

 All verbs end in –ing.
 It the verb ends in consonant + vowel + conconant we
add the last conconant + ing comply with the verbs that
have 1 “syllabe”.
Example: Dance – ing = Dancing
 In the verb ends in “W, X, Y, Z” we do not repeat the
consonat.
Example: Snow – ing = Snowing
 We the verbs ends in the letter “e” but it does not sound,
we just erase the latterand add –ing.
Example: Write – ing = Writing
 When the verbs ends in “ie”, we change it for “Y” and
add –ing.
Example: Tie – Ty + ing = Tying
 Its structure is the following:

Subject + Verb to be (am, is, are) + Verb (ing) + Complement.
Example: I am studying for my exam.
 NEGATIVE:
 We use the present continuous negative to express

actions that are not happening at the present
moment or that are not in progress at the current
moment. We use it in the following way:
 The verb "to be" in the negative form (am not, isn't,
aren't). After the verb "to be" in the negative form, add
the main verb in its base form (infinitive) + "-ing ".
Example: I am not playing football… She isn't studying right
now… They aren't watching TV.
 Let's remember that the form of the verb "to be" in the
negative changes depending on the subject (am not for
"I", isn't for "he", "she”, "it", and aren't for "you", " we",
"they").

Subject + Verb to be + not + Verb (ing) + Complement.
Example: It isn`t raining outside.
 INTERROGATIVE:
 We use the present continuous in an interrogative form to

ask about actions that are occurring at the present
moment or to obtain information about actions that are
in progress at the current moment.
 The way to use it is as follows:

 Decide who or what is the subject of the question.
Place the subject at the beginning of the interrogative
sentence.
 Use the verb "to be" in the correct form for the subject
(am, is, are). After the verb "to be" we place the main
verb in its basi (infinitive) + -"ing" form.
 If necessary, we add the rest of the question (for
example, question words such as "What", "Where",
"When", "Why", "Who", etc).

Verb to be + Subject + Verb (ing) + Complement + ?
Example: Are you cooking dinner tonight?
SIMPLE PAST
The simple past is used to describe completed actions or

situations that occurred at a specific time in the past. We use
"was" and "were" as past forms of the verb "to be" in English to
agree with subjects in number and person in the past. This
allows us to indicate that an action occurred in the past and
form the past simple accurately. Essentially, "was" is used with
singular subjects (I, he, she, it) and "were" is used with plural
subjects (you, we, you, them).
I You
Was (era) He Were (eran) We
She They
It
Example: I was happy yesterday.

 AFIRMATIVE:
 We have to use "was" with singular pronouns like "I", "he",

"she", "it", as well as with singular nouns.
Example: She was happy.
 Use "was" with singular nouns to indicate that something
or someone was in a specific state or position in the past.
Example: The cat was on the table.
 Use "was" to describe actions or events that occurred in
the past for singular subjects.
Example: I was at the party last night.
 Use "were" with the pronouns "you", "we", and "they" in
affirmative sentences in the simple past.
Example: We were at the beach yesterday.
 Use "were" with plural nouns to describe actions or states
in the past that involve more than one entity.
Example: The children were playing in the park.
😃 + Was/Were + Complement.
Example: It was a great concert last nigth.
 NEGATIVE:
 To use "was" in the negative, add "not" after "was":To form

the negation, add "not" after "was."The contracted form is
"wasn't" (for "was not").
Example: She was angry. / She wasn't angry.
 Do not change the main verb: The main verb remains in its
base form (infinitive) after "was not". Do not add "-ed" to
the main verb in the negative.
Example: He was not at home. / He wasn't at home.
 Use "was not" with singular subjects such as "I", "he", "she",
"it", as well as with singular nouns.
Example: It was not a good idea.
 To use "were" in the negative, add "not" after "were": To
form the negation, add "not" after "were."The contracted
form is "weren't" (for "were not").
Example: We were not at the party.
 Do not change the main verb: The main verb remains in
its base form (infinitive) after "were not". Do not add "-ed"
to the main verb in the negative.
Example: We were not late. / We weren't late.
 Sujeto plural:Utiliza "were not" con sujetos en plural como
"you", "we", "they", así como con nombres en plural.
Example: You were not happy with the result.
• Its structure is the following:
😃 + Was / Were + not + Complement.
Example: They weren 't playing soccer yesterday.
 INTERROGATIVE:
 Reverse the order of the subject and "was": Place "was"

at the beginning of the question, followed by the subject.
 Add the rest of the question at the end: Complete the
question with the rest of the necessary structure (for
example, the complement).
 Use "was" with the pronouns "I", "he", "she", "it", as well as
with singular nouns.
Example: Was she at home yesterday?
 Reverse the order of the subject and "were": Place "were"
at the beginning of the question, followed by the subject.
 Add the rest of the question at the end: Complete the
question with the rest of the necessary structure (for
example, the complement).
 Use "were" with the pronouns "you", "we , "they", as well as
with plural nouns.
Example: Were the children playing in the park?
Was / Were + 😃 + Complement + ?
Example: Was Antonio at the library?

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María Fernanda Cabello Martínez

1- Select the subject.

 You must complement the sentence with:

2- Add the verb

 When we use the subject I, You, We, They we conjugate

 When we use the subjects I, You, We, They we use “do

1- Select the question

 You must complete the question with:

2- Add the question

 To talk abaut actions that constantly happen, You can

 In the afirmative, the verb “to be” is used in the present

 Rules of how to use –ing.

 Its structure is the following:

 We use the present continuous negative to express

 Its structure is the following:

 We use the present continuous in an interrogative form to

 The way to use it is as follows:

 Its structure is the following:

The simple past is used to describe completed actions or

Example: I was happy yesterday.

 We have to use "was" with singular pronouns like "I", "he",

 To use "was" in the negative, add "not" after "was":To form

 Reverse the order of the subject and "was": Place "was"

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