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MySQL Notes

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11 views

MySQL Notes

Uploaded by

Sahithya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MySQL Comprehensive Notes

1. Introduction to MySQL
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses Structured

Query Language (SQL).

It is widely used for web applications and supports CRUD operations, multi-user access, and

scalability.

2. Data Types
- Numeric: INT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, etc.

- String: CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT, etc.

- Date/Time: DATE, TIME, DATETIME, TIMESTAMP.

- Spatial: GEOMETRY, POINT, etc.

3. DDL (Data Definition Language)


Commands:

- CREATE: To create databases or tables.

- ALTER: To modify table structure.

- DROP: To delete a database or table.

Example: CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name VARCHAR(100));

4. DML (Data Manipulation Language)


Commands:

- INSERT: To add data into a table.

- UPDATE: To modify existing data.

- DELETE: To remove data.

Example: INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES (1, 'Alice');

5. DQL (Data Query Language)


Command:

- SELECT: Used to retrieve data.

Example: SELECT name FROM users WHERE id = 1;

6. Joins and Subqueries


- Joins combine rows from two or more tables based on related columns.

Types: INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER.

Example: SELECT * FROM users u JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id;

- Subqueries are queries within queries.

Example: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = (SELECT MAX(id) FROM users);

7. Indexes
Indexes improve query performance.

Syntax: CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name(column_name);

Example: CREATE INDEX idx_user_name ON users(name);

8. Views
Views are virtual tables based on a SELECT query.

Syntax: CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;

Example: CREATE VIEW user_orders AS SELECT u.name, o.order_id FROM users u JOIN orders

o ON u.id = o.user_id;

9. Stored Procedures and Triggers


- Stored Procedures are reusable SQL code blocks.

Example: CREATE PROCEDURE GetUser(IN userId INT) BEGIN SELECT * FROM users

WHERE id = userId; END;

- Triggers execute automatically in response to events.

Example: CREATE TRIGGER before_insert_users BEFORE INSERT ON users FOR EACH ROW

SET NEW.name = UPPER(NEW.name);


10. Foreign Keys and Constraints
Foreign Keys enforce referential integrity.

Syntax: FOREIGN KEY (column_name) REFERENCES parent_table(column_name);

Example: CREATE TABLE orders (id INT PRIMARY KEY, user_id INT, FOREIGN KEY (user_id)

REFERENCES users(id));

11. Transactions
Transactions group multiple SQL commands into a single unit of work.

Commands: START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, ROLLBACK.

Example: START TRANSACTION; UPDATE users SET balance = balance - 100 WHERE id = 1;

COMMIT;

12. Advanced Topics


- Full-Text Search: CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX idx_text ON articles(content);

- Partitioning: Allows large tables to be divided into smaller parts.

- Replication: Enables copying data across multiple servers.

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