Preparing A Temporary Mount of A Leaf Peel To Show Stomata

OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL - SHARJAH -BOYS BRANCH
CLASS-X-BIOLOGY-2019-20
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.

2. Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration.
3. Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast and Hydra
with the help of prepared slides.
4. Identification of the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (Pea, gram
or red kidney bean).
1. Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show
stomata.
OBJECTIVE:
To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Leaf of Tradescantia or periwinkle or balsam, slide, coverslip, forceps, needles,
cotton cloth, brush, blotting paper, watch glass, blade, dropper, glycerine, safranin
and compound microscope.
PROCEDURE
1. Take a freshly plucked leaf, and remove the peel from its lower surface by
tearing it.
2. Put the leaf peel in a watch glass containing water so that the peel does not
dry.
3. To the watch glass containing leaf peel, add 1-2 drops of safranin to stain the
peel.
4. With the help of a brush, place the leaf peel in the centre of a clean slide.
5. Put a drop of glycerine on the slide over the peel.
6. Now, with the help of a needle, gently place a coverslip over the peel.
7. Remove the excess glycerine with a blotting paper.
8. Observe the slide, first, under the lower magnification (i.e., 10 X) of a
compound microscope and then, under the higher magnification (i.e., 45 X).
OBSERVATIONS
1. Epidermis or leaf peel consists of a number of cells which are irregular in
outline and are arranged in single layer with no intercellular spaces.
2. Tiny pores called stomata are seen in the epidermal cells.

3. Each stoma consists of two kidney-shaped guard cells.
4. Each guard cell has a nucleus and many chloroplasts.
RESULT
Minute apertures called stomata are seen in the temporary mount of leaf peel. Each
stoma is enclosed by two kidney-shaped guard cells. These guard cells differ from
other epidermal cells in having chloroplast.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Peel should be taken from freshly plucked leaf.

2. Peel should not be allowed to dry.
3. Leaf peel should not be over stained.
4. The slide should not be dirty. –
5. Use a brush to transfer the leaf peel from watch glass to slide.
6. Peel should be placed in centre of slide.
7. Curling of peel should be avoided while placing it on slide.
8. The epidermal peel should be small in size.
9. Place the coverslip gently to avoid entry of air bubbles.
10.Excess stain and glycerine should be removed with blotting paper.
2. Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out

during respiration
AIM
To show experimentally that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration,
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Conical flask, U-shaped delivery tube (tube bent twice at right angles), cotton
wool or moist blotting paper, water, thread, beaker, test tube, rubber cork with
one hole, 20% freshly prepared KOH solution, vaseline, soaked gram seeds.
PROCEDURE
1. Take about 25-30 seeds of gram and germinate these seeds by placing them
on moist cotton wool or moist blotting paper for 3-4 days.
2. Place the germinated seeds into a conical flask and sprinkle a little water in
flask to moist the seeds.
3. Take freshly prepared 20% KOH solution in a test tube and hang it in conical
flask with help of thread.
4. Close the mouth of conical flask by placing a rubber cork containing one
hole.
5. Through the hole of rubber cork, insert one end of the U-shaped glass
delivery tube in the conical flask and place the other end into a beaker filled
with water.
6. Seal all the connections of the experimental set-up with vaseline so as to
make it air-tight.
7. Mark the initial level of water in the U-shaped delivery tube.
8. Keep the apparatus undisturbed for 1-2 hours and note the change in level of
water in the delivery tube.
OBSERVATIONS
After sometime, the level of water in U-shaped delivery tube dipped in water
of the beaker rises.
RESULT
Germinated gram seeds in a conical flask release CO, during respiration. The C02
released is absorbed by KOH present in the hanging test tube in conical flask. This
creates a vacuum in conical flask which causes upward movement of water in the
delivery tube leading to change in level of water in the delivery tube.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Germinating seeds should be kept moist.

2. All connections of the set-up should be air-tight.
3. Freshly prepared KOH solution should be used.
4. Keep one end of U-shaped delivery tube in conical flask and the other end
immersed in water of the beaker.
5. The test tube containing KOH should be hung carefully.
3. Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in

yeast and Hydra with the help of prepared slides.
AIM
To study
 binary fission in Amoeba, and
 budding in yeast & Hydra with the help of prepared slides.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Compound microscope, permanent slides of binary fission in Amoeba and
budding in yeast.
PROCEDURE
1. Select the slide of binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast.
2. Set-up a compound microscope. While looking through the eye piece, adjust
the mirror and diaphragm so that microscope is illuminated.
3. Now, place the slide on stage and focus at low power. Observe it.
4. Without removing the slide, now change the focus to high power. Observe it.
OBSERVATIONS
(a) Binary Fission in Amoeba
 This is a type of asexual reproduction in which two daughter cells (or two
individuals) are formed from a single parent.
 Parent cell becomes elongated.
 Nucleus divides first and then the cytoplasm divides.
 At the point of fission, constriction appears and deepens to divide the cell into
two daughter cells.
(b) Budding in Yeast
 In this type of asexual reproduction, a small protuberance or outgrowth arises
from the parent body called bud.
 Nucleus divides to form two daughter nuclei, of which one passes into the
bud.
 The bud now detaches from the parent body and grows independently as a
new individual or may remain attached to parent body, forming chain of cells.
 Parental identity is not lost.
Budding in Hydra
 Organisms such as hydra use regenerative cells for reproduction in the process
of budding.
 In hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one
specific site.
 These buds develop into tiny individuals and, when fully mature, detach from
the parent body and become new independent individuals.
4. Identification of the different parts of an embryo of a dicot
seed (Pea, gram or red kidney bean).
AIM
Identify the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (Pea, gram or red kidney
bean).

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OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL - SHARJAH -BOYS BRANCH

1. Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.

2. Tiny pores called stomata are seen in the epidermal cells.

1. Peel should be taken from freshly plucked leaf.

2. Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out

1. Germinating seeds should be kept moist.

3. Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in

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