UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE

COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

2nd Semester, AY 2022 – 2023

Chapter 6: Microsoft Excel

Objectives:
1. Develop skills needed in spreadsheets operation
2. Perform basic mathematical spreadsheet operations
3. Create formulas in MS Excel
4. Identify and discuss the features of MS Excel

Microsoft Excel is a powerful electronic spreadsheet program you can use to

automate accounting work, organize data, and perform a wide variety of tasks. Excel is
designed to perform calculations, analyze information, and visualize data in a spreadsheet.
In addition to this, Excel includes database and charting features.
Each Excel file is a workbook that can hold many worksheets. The worksheet is a grid
of columns designated by letters and rows designated by numbers. These letters and
numbers (of the columns and rows) called labels are displayed in gray buttons across the
top and left side of the worksheet. The intersection of a column and a row is called a cell.
Each cell on the spreadsheet has a cell address, that is the column letter and the row
number. Cells can contain text, numbers, or mathematical formulas. The selected cell is
known as the Active Cell.

Introduction to Microsoft Excel

A. Launch Excel
To launch Excel for the first time:
1. Click on the Start button.
2. Click on All Programs.
3. Select Microsoft Office from the menu options, and then click on Microsoft
Excel 2013.

Note: After Excel has been launched for the first time, the Excel icon will be
located on the Quick Launch pane. This enables you to click on the Start button, and
then click on the Excel icon to launch the Excel spreadsheet. Also, a shortcut for Excel
can be created on your desktop.

B. Window Features
The purpose of the window features is to enable the user to perform routine tasks
related to the Microsoft applications. All the Office applications share a common
appearance and similar features. The window features provide a quick means to execute
commands. Here are some pertinent Excel features:
C. Spreadsheet Terms
Term Description
1 Quick Access Displays quick access to commonly used commands.
Toolbar
2 Title Bar Displays the name of the application file.
3 File Tab The File tab has replaced the Office button. It helps you to
manage the Microsoft application and provide access to its
options such as Open, New, Save, As Print, etc.
4 Name Box Displays the active cell location.
5 Cell The intersection of a row and column; cells are always named
with the column letter followed by the row number (e.g. A1
and AB209); cells my contain text, numbers and formulas.
6 Range One or more adjacent cells. A range is identified by its first
and last cell address, separated by a colon. Example ranges
are B5:B8, A1:B1 and A1:G240.
7 Status Bar Displays information about the current worksheet.
8 New Sheet Add a new sheet button.
9 Ribbon Displays groups of related commands within tabs. Each tab
provides buttons for commands.
10 Formula Bar Input formulas and perform calculations.
11 Worksheet A grid of cells that are more than 16,000 columns wide (A-Z,
AA-AZ, BA-BZ…IV) and more than 1,000,000 rows long.
12 View Option Display worksheet view mode.

D. Mouse Pointer Styles

The Excel mouse pointer takes on many different appearances as you move around the
spreadsheet. The following table summarizes the most common mouse pointer
appearances:

Example Description
Pointer
The white plus sign will select a single cell to
enter data, retype data or delete text from the
selected cell. This pointer is also useful for
selecting a range of cells.
The white arrow will drag the contents of the
selected cell to a new location (drag and drop).

The black plus sign activates the fill handle of

the selected cell and will fill the adjoining cells
with some type of series, depending on the type
of data (e.g., a formula or date) is in the
beginning cell.

E. Spreadsheet Navigation
The following table provides various methods to navigation around a spreadsheet.

Method Description
mouse pointer Use the mouse pointer to select a cell.
scroll bars Use the horizontal and vertical scroll bars to move around the
spreadsheet to view columns and rows not currently visible. Click the
mouse pointer once the desired cell is visible.
arrow keys Use the left ←, right →, up ↑, and down ↓ arrows to move accordingly
among cells.
Enter Press the Enter key to move down one cell at a time.
Tab Press the Tab key to move one cell to the right.
Ctrl+Home Moves the cursor to cell A1.
Ctrl+End Moves the cursor to the last cell of used space on the worksheet,
which is the cell at the intersection of the right-most used column and
the bottom-most used row (in the lower-right corner).
End + arrow Moves the cursor to the next or last cell in the current column or row
key which contains information.
 Chapter 6
Enter and Format Data

Each type of data has different rules that govern its entry. The universal rule
for entering data is that all data lives in the cell into which it is typed regardless of its visual
location on the worksheet. The Formula Bar will display the actual contents of the active
cell.
By default, the data is not formatted but that can be modified afterwards.
When you are finished entering or editing data you can do one of the following:
 Press the <Enter> key (this will also move your cursor down one cell)
 Click the checkmark on the formula bar

Labels (or Text) are any alphanumeric entry. A label can be up to 32,767 characters long
including spaces, although only the first 1,024 characters will display in the cell. Labels
are left -aligned by default. Most importantly, labels can overlap into adjacent cells as long
as there is no other data in those cells.
Examples:
Joe Smith
123 Main Street
555-12-3456
(415) 555-1212

Values (or numbers) are any numeric entry. Values cannot contain spaces, dashes, slashes,
etc. Values should be entered without any formatting (currency, etc.). Values don’t show
decimal places unless they are required. That is, they don’t show trailing zeros. They
can be formatted afterwards. Values are right-aligned by default.
Examples:
10000
125.75
55.05
7025.5

Dates are numeric values that are automatically formatted as a readable date entry.
Dates follow the same rules as entering values. Because dates and times are values,
they can be added, subtracted, and included in other calculations.
Examples:
7/25/2005
25-Jul-2005
July 25, 2005
July-2005

Formula let users perform simple and complex calculations in an Excel worksheet.
All formulas start with an equal (=) sign . When writing formulas, it is important to use the
cell addresses of the values and not the values themselves. This way, the result of
the calculation is linked to those cells and will update as the values change in those
cells. Formulas follow the same data entry rules as
values, and similarly, they must fit into the cell in which they were entered.
Importantly, formulas must not include their own cell in their formula, or it will result in an
error called “Circular Reference.”
Examples:
=C1+C2+C3+C4+C5
=D5*F6
=B4-C7
=D6/G15
A. Adjust Column Width
Initially all columns have the same width in a spreadsheet. Often you will need to make
columns wider or narrower. For example, a long text entry in one cell will be cut
off/truncated when the cell to its right contains any information. Likewise, numbers will
appear as pound symbols ### when larger than cell width. There are several ways to
modify column width.

Method Description
dragging method Move the cursor up to the column heading area and point to
the vertical line to the right of the column that you want to
change. When the cursor becomes a "plus sign" with
horizontal arrows, press the mouse button and drag in either
direction to resize the column. Release the mouse button to
accept the new size.
double click to auto fit Move the cursor up to the column heading area and point to
the vertical line to the right of the column that you want to
change. When the cursor becomes a "plus sign" with
horizontal arrows, double click to AutoFit this one column.
AutoFit a range Use the mouse to select the range of cells that needs to be
adjusted and on the Home ribbon in the Cells group, choose
Format, and the select the AutoFit Column Width option.

B. Type Text and Numbers

Use the plus sign mouse pointer to select a cell then begin typing in that cell to enter data.
If there is existing text/data in a cell, the new text will replace the existing text. Press the
Enter or Tab key after typing text in a cell.

C. Undo and Redo

Use the Undo button to undo (reverse) previous actions in reverse sequence. Choose
this option immediately after performing an unwanted action. Note that Undo is not
available for all commands. The Redo button will restore the process that was just
undone.

1. Click on the Undo button. The last item that you typed is removed from the
spreadsheet.
2. Click on the Redo button. The text that you removed with Undo should be
replaced.
D. Insert and Delete Rows and Columns
Insert rows and columns to add information between existing rows or columns of
information.

Procedure Description
Add Row Select any cell of the row where you desire to add a new row
above. On the Home ribbon in the Cell group, click on the
Insert button, and then select Insert Sheet Rows. A new roll
will appear above your selected cell row.
Add Column Select any cell of the column letter where you desire to add a
new column to the left. On the Home ribbon in the Cell group,
click on the Insert button, and then select Insert Sheet
Columns. A new column will appear to the left of your selected
column.
Delete Row or Column Select any cell where you desire to delete a row or column. On
the Home ribbon in the Cell group, click on the Delete button,
and then selected Delete Sheet Rows or Delete Sheet
Columns. The row or column where the cell was selected will
be deleted.

1. Select any cell in column C.

2. On the Home ribbon in the Cell group, click on the Insert drop-down
arrow, and then select Insert Sheet Columns. A new column will appear to the
left of your selected column.
3. Click the Undo button.
4. Select any cell in row 6.
5. On the Home ribbon in the Cell group, click on the Insert drop-down
arrow, and then select Insert Sheet Rows. A new roll will appear above your
selected cell row.

E. Text and Number Alignment

Microsoft Excel aligns data in a cell in three ways; left, center, and right. Also, a range of
cells can be merged into one cell; this is good for text titles. The default text alignment
is left, and the default number alignment is right. Alignment can be changed by using

the alignment icons located on the Home ribbon in the Paragraph group.
Select a range before changing alignment to more than one cell at a time.

F. Format Fonts

Character formats include changing the font, point size, and style of text or numbers.
The fastest way to change fonts is to use the associated buttons on the Home ribbon:

G. Format Numbers
Excel provides many different types of numeric formats including currency, percent,
comma, scientific, etc. On the Home ribbon the numeric formats are located in the
Number group. Select the drop-down arrow next to General to view all format types.
Select a range of cell/s before choosing format. In fact, this range can include cell/s that
does not yet contain data.

1. Enter numeric data in a cell.

2. Click on the Comma button, located on the Home ribbon.
3. With that same range selected, click on the Currency button, located on
the Home ribbon.
4. To display only dollars and no cents, click on the Decrease Decimal
button, located on the Home ribbon.

Note: To remove a number format from cells, select the General format option from the
Number group.
H. Cut, Copy, and Paste Text

Avoid retyping in Excel by moving or copying text and formulas. The following list
includes commands and definitions involved in cut, copy, and paste.

Command Description
Removes the selected text from the document and places it in the
Cut clipboard (a temporary holding place for the item that has been cut or
copied).
Places a copy of the selected text in the clipboard and leaves the selected
text unchanged.
Copy
Places text from the clipboard in the document where the active cell is
located.
Paste

I. Print a Spreadsheet
Click on the File tab, and select the Print option. Preview your spreadsheet on the right-
hand side of the File screen. If you are satisfied with the preview, click the Print button,
otherwise click on the Home tab to return to the document and edited document. (Page
Setup options are covered in the Additional Features section on page 47.)

J. Exit Excel

When you are finished using Excel, use click on the File tab, and select the Exit option
or click on the Close button in the upper right-hand corner of the Excel window. If
your file has recently been saved, Excel will exit promptly. However, if the file needs to
be saved before quitting, Excel will prompt you to save.
 Chapter 7
Basic Formulas

Microsoft Excel is an electronic spreadsheet that automates manual calculations

involved in accounting and bookkeeping. After you have typed the basic text and
number entries in a spreadsheet cell, Excel can perform the math calculations for you.
You will learn how to create formulas and functions to perform calculations in a
spreadsheet.

Example formulas are: =D15+D18+D21 : =B4-B12 : =A10/B15 :

=(B16+C16)*1.07 Do not use any spaces in formulas. Also, when creating formulas,
you may choose to either type the cell address or use the mouse to select the cell
address.

A. Create Formula
You can create any type of math calculation on your own using the following mathematical
operators:
Symbol Meaning
= equals - used to begin a calculation
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
^ exponentiation
( open parenthesis - used to begin a grouping
) close parenthesis - used to close a grouping

The numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard provides most of these operators.
Excel follows the mathematical order of hierarchy where operators are processed in the
order: negation, exponentiation, multiplication/division, and then addition/subtraction. Use
parentheses to clarify the order of calculation in a formula.

B. Basic steps for creating a formula:

1. Click in the empty cell which will contain the formula.
2. Type an equal sign (=).
3. Type the cell address or click the cell that contains the first number.
4. Type the math operator (+ - / * ^).
5. Type the cell address or click the cell that contains the second number.
6. Continue in this manner until the formula is complete.
7. Use parenthesis for clarification.
8. Press the Enter key.

The following image depicts various formulas in an Excel spreadsheet which will be
created in a following exercise:
C. AutoSum

Adding is the most common math operation performed in Excel. The Home ribbon
includes an AutoSum button for adding. This button provides a shortcut to typing
formulas.

Basic Steps for using AutoSum:

1. Move to the empty cell that will contain the formula.
2. Click on the AutoSum button.
3. Proofread the formula that Excel provides, make any necessary changes.
4. Press the Enter key or click the check mark on the formula bar.

Note: You can copy formulas that refer to empty cells. After you type numbers in the
empty cells, the formulas will be updated.

D. Borders and Shading

Use borders to separate different areas of the spreadsheet. Borders can be applied to
one cell or a range of cells. Use the Borders button, on the Home ribbon to apply
border styles. Also, the Fill Color button will add or remove color/shading for a cell
or range.

E. Manual Formula
You can make manual entries for mathematical formula by typing the numbers, cell
location, and mathematical function in the spreadsheet cell.

F. Formula Functions

Functions provide an automated method for creating formulas in the following

categories: financial, date and time, math and trigonometry, statistical, lookup and
reference, database, text, logical and information. Excel contains more than 200
functions. For example, specific functions are available to calculate a sum, an average,
a loan payment, logarithms and random numbers. Functions can be typed, if you know
the syntax, or can be inserted by clicking on the Function button located left of the
formula bar.

All functions are formatted in a similar manner, for example: = function name
(parameters). The parameters vary depending upon the function. Functions and cell
addresses may be typed in upper case or lower case.

A. Sum

Adding is the most common function performed in Excel. The SUM function adds values.
Specify values, individual cell addresses and/or range addresses in the numberx
variables.

Syntax =SUM(number1,number2,...)
examples =SUM(A10:A25)
=SUM(B15:C20)
=SUM(D45,D60:D70,D80:D85)

B. Insert Function

This selection demonstrates how to use the Insert Function menu to creation a
formula. Click on the Insert Function button or from the AutoSum drop-down arrow
and select More Functions to display a list of over 200 functions available in Excel.
The Insert Function dialog box displays the function categories from the drop-down
menu list. The function names will appear in the function name box below.

Once you select a category and a function name, click on the OK button. The Function
Arguments palette will appear.
Type any numbers, cell addresses, ranges, or any other parameters in the required
boxes, and then click on the OK button to insert the completed formula in the
spreadsheet.

C. Average
An average sum all values and divides by the total number of values. Specify values,
individual cell addresses and/or range addresses in the numbers variables.

Syntax =AVERAGE(number1,number2,...)
examples =AVERAGE(15,255,45) =AVERAGE(B2:B18)
=AVERAGE(B15,B33,B52)
=AVERAGE(C22:C24,C30:C33)

D. Maximum (MAX)
Maximum indicates the largest value in the designated list of numbers.

Syntax =MAX(number1,number2,...)
examples =MAX(A15:A35)
=MAX(D10:D200,D225:D325)
E. Minimum (MIN)
Minimum indicates the smallest value in the designated list of numbers.

syntax =MIN(number1,number2,...)
examples =MIN(A15:A35)
=MIN(D10:D200,D225:D325)

F. Relative versus Absolute Cell Addresses

As you move and copy formulas, Excel automatically adjusts the part of the cell
reference in the formula that changes as you move down or to the right. For example,
when you copy a formula from a cell to columns to the right, Excel changes the column
letters in the formula without touching the row numbers. Excel assumes that everything
is relative; that is, relocated and copied formulas will reference information according to
the number of columns and rows they have moved.

There are situations where automatic adjustment of the cell references does not
calculate correctly. This is especially true with percentage formulas where the
denominator should remain constant. A dollar sign ($) placed before the column letter
and row number (e.g. $B$6) will lock the address or make it absolute.
 Chapter 8
Charts

Microsoft Excel can display data graphically in a chart. Excel displays values from
worksheet cells as bars, lines, columns, pie slices, or other shapes in a chart. When you
create a chart, the values from the worksheet are automatically represented in the
chart. Presenting data in a chart can make it easier to read and more interesting to
interpret. Charts can also help you evaluate your data and make comparisons between
different values.

$14,000.00
$12,000.00
$10,000.00
Equipment
$8,000.00
Furniture
$6,000.00
Office Supplies
$4,000.00 Travel
$2,000.00
$-
FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012

A. Enter Data
The following exercise will create a simple spreadsheet that will provide the data from
which a chart will be created.

1. Create a new Sheet and name it as Charts.

2. Type the information in the cells as shown below:

B. Create a Chart
To create a chart, select the cells that contain the data and text that you want to appear in
the chart.

1. Select the cell range A1:E5.

2. Select the Insert tab, then in the Charts group, click on the Chart button of your
choose. The chart sub-types will appear which will provide you more chart options to
select from. To view all chart types, click on the dialog box on the Charts group.
The Insert Chart window will appear with all chart types.

3. Select the All Charts tab.

4. Click on the first Column button in the window.
5. Click on the OK button.
6. Your chart selection will appear on the spreadsheet.
 Legend

Y -Axis: Value

Data Labels

X-Axis: Category

7. When the chart appears on the spreadsheet it will have a selection boarder around
it. Charts are similar to graphical images which can be moved and resized.
8. Practice selecting and unselecting the chart. Click any cell in the spreadsheet
to deselect the chart. Single click anywhere inside the chart border to select the
chart area.
9. Move the chart. With the chart object selected, point inside of the object border

. Click and drag to move the chart to a new location (the mouse pointer
changes to a four-way arrow).
10. Resize the chart. With the chart object selected, position the mouse pointer on any

handle and drag in the direction indicated by the double arrow pointer .

C. Chart Tools

Microsoft Excel provides numerous editing options for your chart. When your chart is
selected, the Chart Tools tab will appear on the Ribbon. This enables you to edit your
chart with a variety of designs, layouts, and formats.

1. Click on the Design tab.

a. The Design ribbon allows you to change your chart type, layout, and
style. By selecting the appropriate ribbon button you can change your
chart Layout, Style, and Type.

2. Click on the Format tab.

a. The Format ribbon allows you to edit the format of your chart. By
selecting Shape Styles and WordArt Styles you can apply a variety of
formatting options within the chart labels and axes groups.
D. Add Chart Title
When a chart is created from the spreadsheet data the text Chart Title will appear
above your chart data.

1. Click on the Chart Title text box.

2. Select or delete text.
3. Type your desired title. For this class exercise, type Fiscal Year Comparisons.

E. Change Data Values

Charts are linked to the worksheet data and are updated when you change the
worksheet data.
1. Click in cell D5, change the Travel expense to 1000, and press the Enter key.
2. Review the change on your chart.

F. Create Pie Chart

Noncontiguous cell ranges can be selected from your spreadsheet to view specific data
groupings.

1. Select A1:A5, and while compress the Ctrl key, select D1:D5.
2. Click on the Insert tab, click on the Pie button location in the Chart group, and
then select the first 2-D Pie button from the options panel.
3. Your created Pie chart will appear on the spreadsheet.
 FY2011

Equipment Furniture Office Supplies Travel

G. Print Chart

If a chart is not selected on the spreadsheet, then both the spreadsheet data and chart
will print. If a chart is selected on the spreadsheet, then only the chart will print. Click
on the File tab, select the Print option, and then click on the Print button.
 Chapter 9
Additional Features

A. Auto Fill

Excel has an Auto Fill feature that automatically completes data in a series. This data
includes numbers, formulas, sequential dates, week days, months, and years. To use
Auto Fill to copy data, place the mouse pointer on the small solid square (fill handle) on
lower right corner of the cell you desire to copy, when the mouse pointer changes to a
plus (+) sign, then hold down the right mouse button and drag the mouse across the
cell/s to copy data in series desired.

1. Click in a blank cell (with plenty of blank cells to the right or below).
2. Type the word Monday.
3. Position the cursor over the fill handle.

4.
5. Hold the mouse button down as you drag across or down to complete a
series such as Monday - Friday.
6. Release the mouse button.

B. Named Ranges
When cell or range names become tedious to memorize in a spreadsheet, use the Named
Ranges feature. Named Ranges provide a word method of referring to cell addresses. For
example, you may frequently need to print a range that is difficult to type or remember.
Use the Name Box to create a name for a range.

When a cell range is selected the first cell location will appear in the Name box.

1. Click on the cell location that appears in the Name box. The cell location
will appear selected.

2. Type your desired name, example: Supply and press the Enter key.
3. Select a cell anywhere on spreadsheet.

4. Click on the Name box drop down arrow, the name you entered will
appear on a menu list. Select your desired name and the cell range
associated with the name will appear.
 Note: Guidelines for naming ranges
• The first character of a name must be a letter or an underscore character.
Remaining characters in the name can be letters, numbers, periods, and
underscore characters.
• Names cannot be the same as a cell reference, such as FY99, Z$100 or R1C1.
• Spaces are not allowed. Underscore characters and periods may be used as word
separators; for example, First.Quarter or Sales_Tax.
• A name can contain up to 255 characters.
• Names are not case sensitive in Excel. For example, if you have created the name
Sales and then create another name called SALES in the same workbook, the
second name will replace the first one.

C. Freeze Panes
Freeze Panes is an Excel feature that allows you to keep row or column titles on the screen
while you scroll through long lists on a worksheet. Freezing panes on a worksheet does not
affect printing.

1. To freeze panes, click the cell where you want to freeze the rows and/or
columns (to the immediate right of the desired column and/or below the
desired row).
2. Select the View tab, click on the drop-down arrow next to the Freeze
Panes button, and then select the Freeze Panes option.
3. To remove these panes, Select the View tab, click on the drop-down arrow
next. To the Freeze Panes button, and then select the Unfreeze Panes option.
D. Auto Format
Excel includes numerous pre-defined formats you can quickly apply to the design of your
spreadsheet.

1. Select your desired cell range of data.

2. On the Home ribbon in the Styles group, click on the drop-down arrow
next to Format as Table button, and then select your desire format design
from the Table Format panel.

E. Page Setup

Excel allows you to setup the page layout of your spreadsheet to be viewed on screen or
printout. Click on the Page Layout ribbon, and then click on the Page Setup dialog
box button to setup the best way to layout your data for your printout.

1. Page tab
a. Orientation section: Click on the Landscape button to change from
Portrait, and then click on the OK
button.
b. Scaling section: Click on the Adjust
to: button, and type a number
smaller than 100 (e.g., type 85 to
have Excel reduce the fonts and size
of your data to 85% of the original
amount). Click on the Fit to: button,
and type in the number of pages that
you want your data to print on (e.g.,
wide represents pages going
horizontally across your spreadsheet
and tall represents pages going
vertically down your spreadsheet);
Excel will automatically determine the
 scaling percentage needed. Click on the drop down arrow on the Paper Size
window to change to legal.
2. Margins tab
Because scaling is flexible, it is not very common to change the margins of the
spreadsheet. However, the Center on Page (Horizontally and Vertically) feature
is nice, especially if you are printing data that does not take up the entire printed
page.

a. In the Center on page, click on the Horizontally and/or Vertically button to

center your document horizontally and/or vertically.
b. Click on the OK button.

3. Header/Footer tab
A Header is information that prints at the top of each page in the printout, while
a Footer is information that prints at the bottom of each page in the printout.
Both Headers and Footers are divided into three text placement areas: left,
center and right. These three areas allow you to separate and align the
information. Excel’s default Header and Footer are blank.
 a. To add information in the Header or Footer, click on the Custom Header or
Custom Footer button, and then type your desired text in the box provided.
b. Click on the OK button.

4. Sheet tab
The Sheet tab contains items
like print areas, print titles,
print items and page order.
Use Print area will set a
specific range of cells to print
as the default. Print titles
section will place rows and/or
columns of data that print at
the top of each page. The Print
section on the Sheet tab is
helpful for turning Gridlines on
or off (gridlines are the thin
lines which surround each cell).
Page order section will control
the order in which data is
numbered and printed when it
does not fit on one page.

F. Page Breaks
When a spreadsheet is printed or previewed for the first time, Excel defines the print
area and determines page breaks as necessary. A page break occurs when data cannot
fit on one page. These automatic page breaks appear as dashed lines in the worksheet.
If the pages are not separated at the location you desire, then you can insert both
vertical and horizontal manual page breaks. Excel provides a Page Break Preview for
managing page breaks.

1. Select View tab, and click on the Page Break Preview button.
2. The Page Break Preview window will appear. Thick blue lines indicate
Page breaks and page numbers are illustrated by watermark gray text.

3. To move the page break to your desired location, position the mouse
pointer on the blue line, hold the right mouse button down, and then drag to
the desired location.
4. To return to the normal spreadsheet view.

5. Click on the Normal button, located on the View ribbon.

G. Display Formulas

At times you may want to display the contents of cells containing formulas since
formulas only appear when they are being typed or edited. A printout of the spreadsheet
with the formulas displayed may be helpful for backup or formula troubleshooting
purposes.

1. Select the Formulas ribbon, click on the Show Formulas button, located on the
Formula Auditing group. The formulas will appear on your spreadsheet as
seen in the figure above. Use this same command sequence to turn off the
display of formulas.

H. Range Finder

Range Finder makes it easy to trace, modify, and understand which figures make up a
formula.

1. Double click on cell that contains an equation (or

click on the cell and press F2). Each part of the
equation is highlighted with its own color so you can
see the pieces of the formula at a glance. The Range
Finder also works with data used in a chart. For
example, if you click on a data series on a bar chart,
the range in your original data is highlighted. Range
Finder also allows you to use drag and drop to modify
your formula or chart range.