BASIC FUNCTIONS

Item Sales
Orange Sugar Danish Pastries 1000
Chocolate Pasteries 600
Strawberry Crossover Puff
500
Pastries
Cherry-Almond Danish 250
Almond Breakfast Pastries 350
Cherry Pinwheel Pastries 450
Guava & Cream Cheese Pastry 850
Cinnamon Twists 950
Toblerone Danish Pastry 750
Cherry Cheese 1100
Raspberry Pastry Braid 1250
Cherry cakes 1100
Cherry pie 1450
Classic Apple Pie 300
Cherry Cheese 100
Cinnamon Sugar Wheels 600
Simple Egg and Cheese Tartlets 400
Pumpkin Spiced Danish 890
Easy Apple Turnovers 1000
Flatbread with Burrata Cheese 250
Chicken Pot Pie 550
Mixed Berry Almond Croissants 950
Chocolate Pasteries 1150

SUM: 16790
COUNT 23
AVERAGE
MAX
MIN
LEFT
LEFT: It extracts specific characters from a cell/string starting from the left (star

NIDHI NI
RIGHT
1. RIGHT: It extracts specific characters from a string starting from the right (las

NIDHI =RIGHT(A74,3)
LEN
LEN function returns the count of characters in the value.

NIDHI .=LEN(A79)
1/22/2016 0:00 5

SUBSTITUTE FUNCTION
Hello World =LEN(A83)
=LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A83," ",""))
MID Function
MID returns a substring from a string using a specific position and number of cha

The cat in the hat =MID(A89,5,3)

The cat in the hat hat
apple ple
12348 348

LOWER Function
LOWER returns the string after converting all the letters in small

UPPER Function
The UPPER function returns the string after converting all the letters in the capital.

PROPER Function
The PROPER function returns the text string into a proper case. In simple words, with a PRO

The text which you want to conveLOWER

The text which you want to conveUPPER
The text which you want to convePROPER

REPT Function
REPT function returns a text value several times.

Text No of Repeats
1 10
from the left (start). You need to specify the text and number of characters to extract

=LEFT(A69,3)

from the right (last). You need to specify the text and number of characters to extract.

LEN function counts the characters in the value of a cell and is not concerned with formatti

space is count NIDHI World

WITHOUT SPACE

and number of characters.

returns 3 characters starting at the 5th character:

extract 3 characters starting at character 16:
If num_chars is greater than remaining characters, MID will all remaining ch
MID can extract text from numbers, but the result is text:
 the capital.

ple words, with a PROPER function where the first letter of the word is in capital and rest in small

the text which you want to convert

THE TEXT WHICH YOU WANT TO CONVERT
The Text Which You Want To Convert

1111111111
aracters to extract

aracters to extract.

concerned with formatting.

ID will all remaining characters:

tal and rest in small
To enter a date in Excel, use the "/" or "-" characters. To enter a time, use the ":"
YEAR, MONTH, DAY
3/13/2022
YEAR =YEAR(A3)
MONTH 3
DAY ;=DAY(A3)

To add a number of days to a date, use the following simple formula.

ADD 5 DAYS 3/18/2022

DATE
To add a number of years, months and/or days, use the DATE function.

=DATE(YEAR(A3)+2,MONTH(A3)
NOW
Current Date & Time
To get the current date and time, use the NOW function.

12/5/2024 5:52
TODAY()
use the TODAY function to enter today's date in Excel.
=TODAY()

DATEVAUE(date ###

01/01/1900 1 3/10/1971
10/3 =DATEVALUE(A29) If there is no year in the textual date, it will take

DAYS Function
DAYS function returns the difference between two dates. It takes a start date and an end d

start date end date difference

3/13/2022 11/13/2022 245

EDATE(start_date,months)
EDATE function returns a date after adding a specified number of months to it.

start date month result

3/13/2022 9 12/13/2022

NETWORKDAYS(start_date,end_date,holidays)
the difference between two dates, after excluding Saturdays and Sundays, and holidays (w
 start date end date difference
3/13/2022 11/13/2022 =NETWORKDAYS(A49,B49)

start date end date holiday

3/13/2022 11/13/2022 10/21/2022
10/24/2022
10/5/2022

NETWORKDAYS.INTL(start_date,end_date,weekend,holiday
NETWORKDAYS.INTL Function returns the count of days between the start date and end date. Unlike NETWO
1 to take Sunday – Saturday as the weekend.11- only Sunday
start date end date weekend
3/13/2022 11/13/2022 1
3/13/2022 11/13/2022 11

start date end date weekend

3/13/2022 11/13/2022 11

WEEKNUM(serial_number,return_type)
WEEKNUM function returns the week number of a date.
serial_number: A date for which you want to get the week number.
[return_type]: A number to specify the starting day of the first week of the year. You have two systems to

49
Date
I am given the year, month, and day of the month for a date. Is there an easy way to recov
YEAR MONTH DATE
2022 12 23

DATEDIF
My business has purchased and sold machines. For some, I have the date the machine was

bought 11/11/2013
sold 12/23/2022
year 9
months 109
DATE 3329
" characters. To enter a time, use the ":" (colon). You can also enter a date and a time in

13-03-2022
=MONTH(D3)
2022

he following simple formula.

or days, use the DATE function.

E(YEAR(A3)+2,MONTH(A3)+2,DAY(A3)+9)

e NOW function.

date in Excel.

here is no year in the textual date, it will take the current year as the year.

two dates. It takes a start date and an end date and then returns the difference between them in d

specified number of months to it.

12/13/2022

ding Saturdays and Sundays, and holidays (which you specify).

 =NETWORKDAYS(A49,B49)

difference
=NETWORKDAYS(A52,B52,C52:C54)

s between the start date and end date. Unlike NETWORKDAYS, NETWORKDAYS.INTL lets you specify which days you wa

difference
Sat and Sunday
=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(A61,B61,C61)
Sunday
=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(A62,B62,C62)

holiday difference
10/21/2022 =NETWORKDAYS.INTL(A65,B65,C65,D65:D67)
10/24/2022
10/5/2022

e week number.
of the first week of the year. You have two systems to specify the starting date of the week.

onth for a date. Is there an easy way to recover the actual date?

12/23/2022

s. For some, I have the date the machine was purchased and the date the machine was sold. Can I
te and a time in one cell.

etween them in days

fy which days you want to exclude from the calculation.

Sunday with holidays

e was sold. Can I easily determine how many months we kept these machines?
Hour, Minute, Second ###

HOUR =HOUR(B1)
MINUTE =MINUTE(B1)
SECOND =SECOND(B1)

TIME
Time Function
To add a number of hours, minutes and/or seconds, use the TIME function.
=TIME(HOUR(B1)+1,MINUTE(B1)+3,SECOND(B1)+21)
TIME(hour,minute,second)

TIMEVALUE(time_text)
TIMEVALUE funtion returns time after converting a text which represents a time into actual time.

11:08 0.463888888888889
12:00 am 0

How can I easily create a sequence of regularly spaced time intervals?

Suppose a doctor takes appointments from 8:00 AM in 20-minute segments up to 5:00 PM. How can I enter in different rows t

PATIENTS TIME
A 5:00
B 05:20:00
C 05:40:00
D 06:00:00
E 06:20:00
F 06:40:00
, use the TIME function.

ents a time into actual time.

up to 5:00 PM. How can I enter in different rows the list of possible appointment times?

:00
:00
:00
:00
:00
COUNT
Count Words from a Single Cell
To count words from a cell you need to combine the LEN function with the SUBSTITUTE functi
That means you will always have one word more than the spaces. The idea is simple: If you w
Hello World =LEN(A5)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A5," ",""))+1
11 10
N World

Count Specific Characters

from the sentence, you need to count how many times the letter “e” occurred

Self-examining is the best

thing you can possibly do
and it costs nothing. 2

Count of Unique Values

select any of the cells from the list
go to Data Tab ➜ Sort & Filter ➜ Click on Advanced
Once you click on it, you will get a pop-up window to apply advanced filters.
Now from this window, select “Copy to another location”.
In “Copy to”, select a blank cell where you want to paste unique values.
Now, tick mark “Unique Records Only” and click OK.

Names
Phuong Phuong
Chi Chi
Breanne Breanne
Adelia Adelia
Sharell Sharell
Julianne Julianne
Flavia Flavia
Juliet Juliet
Casandra Casandra
Marni Marni
Chi
Breanne
Adelia
Flavia
Juliet
Casandra
Chi
Chi

COUNTA
 1 COUNT
2 COUNTA
E
R
T
@
*

Use the COUNTBLANK function, one of the Statistical functions, to count the numbe

Names
JOHN =COUNTBLANK(A56:A67)
JOHN
JOhn

Sharell

John
Juliet

Marni
Chi
Breanne

The COUNTA function counts the number of nonblank cells in a range.

The COUNTBLANK function counts the number of blank cells in a range.

COUNTIFS

Unlike the older COUNTIF function, COUNTIFS can apply more more than one condition at the
Criteria can include logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching.

Salesperson Exceeded Q1 quota

David Yes

John Yes

Sundar Yes

Leena No

Data

1 5/1/2011

2 5/2/2011

3 5/3/2011
4 5/4/2011
5 5/5/2011
6 5/6/2011
ion with the SUBSTITUTE function. And the formula will be (Text is in cell A1):=LEN(A1)-LEN(SUBSTITU
ces. The idea is simple: If you want to count the words, count the spaces and add one to them.
" ",""))+1
10

ter “e” occurred

dvanced filters.

nique values.
 ;=COUNT(A45:A51)
=COUNTA(A45:A51)

unctions, to count the number of empty cells in a range of cells.

n a range.
 more than one condition at the same time. Conditions are supplied with range/criteria pairs, and only
ds (*,?) for partial matching.

Exceeded Q2 quota

No

Yes

Yes

Yes
nd the formula will be (Text is in cell A1):=LEN(A1)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A1,” “,””))+1
o count the words, count the spaces and add one to them.
 Only Numeric Values

All values

Logical values and errors are not counted by this function

empty cells in a range of cells.

e time. Conditions are supplied with range/criteria pairs, and only the first pair is required. For each ad

Exceeded Q3 quota

No

No

Yes

Yes
TITUTE(A1,” “,””))+1
only the first pair is required. For each additional condition, you must supply another range/criteria pai

Counts how many times Davidxceeded

a sales quota for periods Q1, Q2, and 1
Q3

Counts how many salespeople

2
exceeded both their Q1 and Q2 quotas

Counts how many times Leena and John

exceeded the same quota for periods 1
Q1, Q2, and Q3

Counts how many numbers between 1

and 6 (not including 1 and 6) are 4
contained in cells

Counts how many rows have numbers

that are less than 5 and also have dates 0
that are are earlier than 5/3/2011
2
er range/criteria pair. Up to 127 range/criteria pairs are allowed.
 Data Sales

apples 32
oranges 54
peaches 75
apples 86
Apricots 71
Avocados 80
Banana 11
Bilberry 9
Blackberry 15
Blackcurrant 91
Cherries 78

Cucumbers 10

Grapefruit 75

Jackfruit 95
Kiwi 98
Lime 71
Papaya 75
Strawberries 70
Zucchini 78
Apricots 89
Avocados 81
Avocados 87
Sum the number of cells with apples

Sums the number of cells with peaches (the value in A4)

Sum the number of apples and oranges

Sum the number of cells with a value greater than 55

Sum the number of cells with a value not equal to 75

Sum the number of cells with a value greater than (>) or
equal to (=) 32 and less than (<) or equal to (=) 85 in
cells B2

Sum the number of cells containing any text in cells A2

through A5.

Sum the number of cells that have exactly 7 characters,

and end with the letters "es" in cells A2 through A5.

SUM sales over 80

sum cells greater than 32

sum cells less than B5

sum cells that contain any 8 characters

sum the number of cells that are equal to 20.

 75

=SUMIF(A2:A25,A2,B2:B23)+SUMIF(A2:A25,A3,B2:B23)

=SUMIF(B2:B25,">55")
=SUMIF(B2:B23,"<>75")

=SUMIF(B2:B23,"<=85")-SUMIF(B2:B23,"<32")

=SUMIF(A2:A25,"*", B2:B25)

=SUMIF(A2:A5,"?????es",B2:B5)
 118

3,B2:B23)

23,"<32")
COUNTIF
Formula to Count Cells with Specific Text
Names =COUNTIF(A3:A19,A11)
Phuong
Chi
Breanne
Adelia
Sharell
Julianne
Flavia
Juliet
Casandra
Marni
Chi
Breanne
Adelia
Flavia
Juliet
Casandra
Count Cells with Text in Excel
COUNTIF with Wildcard Characters to Count Cell with Text Values
Names Text Values Only
Phuong
Chi
Breanne
9653426928
Adelia
Sharell
Julianne
Flavia
Juliet
Casandra
4445986933
Marni
9653426928
Chi
Breanne
Adelia
9254615162
Flavia
Juliet
Casandra
 Data Sales
apples 32
oranges 54

peaches 75
apples 86
Apricots 71
Avocados 80
Banana 11
Bilberry 9
Blackberry 15
Blackcurrant 91

Cherries 78

Cucumbers 10
Grapefruit 75
Jackfruit 95

Kiwi 98

Lime 71
Papaya 75
Strawberries 70
Zucchini 78
Apricots 89
Avocados 81
Avocados 87
COUNTIF is not case-sensitive.
COUNTIF only supports one condition. Use the COUNTIFS function for multiple criteria.
Text strings in criteria must be enclosed in double quotes (""), i.e. "apple", ">32", "ja*"
Cell references in criteria are not enclosed in quotes, i.e. "<"&A1
The wildcard characters ? and * can be used in criteria. A question mark matches any one cha
COUNTIF requires a range, you can't substitute an array.
COUNTIF returns incorrect results when used to match strings longer than 255 characters.
COUNTIF will return a #VALUE error when referencing another workbook that is closed.
9,A11)

xt Values
=COUNTIF(A23:A42,"*")
Counts the number of cells with apples

Counts the number of cells with peaches

(the value in A4)

Counts the number of apples and oranges

Counts the number of cells with a value

greater than 55

Counts the number of cells with a value

not equal to 75

Counts the number of cells with a value

greater than (>) or equal to (=) 32 and
less than (<) or equal to (=) 85 in cells B2

Counts the number of cells containing any

text in cells A2 through A5.

Counts the number of cells that have

exactly 7 characters, and end with the
letters "es" in cells A2 through A5.

count sales over 100

count cells greater than 32

count cells less than B5

count cells that contain any 8 characters

count the number of cells that are equal to
20.

count the number of cells that are greater

than or equal to 10.

count the number of cells that

are not equal to 7.
 count the number of cells that are equal to
78 or 71

ounts the number of cells that contain

exactly Avocados

S function for multiple criteria.

es (""), i.e. "apple", ">32", "ja*"
. "<"&A1
A question mark matches any one character and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters (zer
.
trings longer than 255 characters.
nother workbook that is closed.
=COUNTIF(A47:A70,"apples")

=COUNTIF(A47:A70,A49)
4

=COUNTIF(A47:A70,A47)+COUNTIF(A47:A70,A48)
r and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters (zero or more).
7:A70,A48)
e).
 AVERAGEIF
AVERAGEIF is commonly used in finding the average of cells that are an exact matc

Item Sales
Orange Sugar Danish Pastries 1000
Chocolate Pasteries 600
Strawberry Crossover Puff Pastries 500
Cherry-Almond Danish 250
Almond Breakfast Pastries 350
Cherry Pinwheel Pastries 450
Guava & Cream Cheese Pastry 850
Cinnamon Twists 950
Toblerone Danish Pastry 750
Cherry Cheese 1100
Raspberry Pastry Braid 1250
1100
Cherry pie 1450
Classic Apple Pie 300
Cherry Cheese 100
Cinnamon Sugar Wheels 600
Simple Egg and Cheese Tartlets 400
Pumpkin Spiced Danish 890
Easy Apple Turnovers 1000
Flatbread with Burrata Cheese 250
Chicken Pot Pie 550
Mixed Berry Almond Croissants 950
Chocolate Pasteries 1150
rage of cells that are an exact match of a given criterion

the Average sales of chocolate pastries

the average sales of all types of pastries

sold.

the average of all items except pastries

find an average of numbers that

correspond to empty cells.

find an average of numbers that

correspond to non empty cells.

the Average sales of Cherry Cheese

calculates the average of all values that

are greater than 500

calculates the average of all values that

are less than 1000

the average of all values if the

corresponding cells contain exactly 13
characters.
a given criterion

=AVERAGEIF(A5:A27,A6,B5:B27)

=AVERAGEIF(A5:A27, "*Pastries",
B5:B27)

=AVERAGEIF(A5:A27,
"<>*(Pastries)", B4:B27)

=AVERAGEIF(A5:A27, "=", B5:B27)

=AVERAGEIF(A5:A27, "<>", B5:B27)

=AVERAGEIF(B5:B27,">500")

=AVERAGEIF(A5:A27,"?????????????",
B5:B27)
with wildcard characters!
AVERAGEIFS
The AVERAGEIFS function calculates the average of the numbers in a range that me
range given to AVERAGEIFS is the range containing numbers to average. Criteria ar
criteria] and only the first pair is required. For each additional criteria, supply anot
criteria given to AVERAGEIFS are applied with AND logic – all criteria must be true f
in the average.

Student First Second Final

AGEIFS
(B8:B1
1,
B8:B11
Quiz Quiz Exam
,
">70",
B8:B11
,
=AVER
AGEIFS(
Grade Grade Grade C8:C11,
C8:C11,
">95")

=AVER
AGEIFS(
D8:D11,
D8:D11,
Emilio 75 85 87 "<>Inc
omplete
",
D8:D11,
">80")
Julie 94 80 88
Hans 86 93 Incomplete
Incom
Frederique 75 75
plete

Example 2

Number of Garage
Type Price Town
Bedrooms ?
Cozy Rambler 230000 Issaquah 3 No

Snug
197000 Bellevue 2 Yes
Bungalow
Cool Cape
345678 Bellevue 4 Yes
Codder
Splendid Split
321900 Issaquah 2 Yes
Level
Exclusive
450000 Bellevue 5 Yes
Tudor
Classy
395000 Bellevue 4 No
Colonial
of the numbers in a range that meet supplied criteria. The first
g numbers to average. Criteria are supplied in pairs [range,
h additional criteria, supply another range/criteria pair. The
D logic – all criteria must be true for a number to be included

Average first quiz grade that falls between 70 and 90 for all
students (80.5). The score marked "Incomplete" is not
included in the calculation because it is not a numerical
value.

Average second quiz grade that is greater than 95 for all

students. Because there are no scores greater than 95,
#DIV0! is returned.

Average final exam grade that is greater than 80 for all

students (87.5). The score marked "Incomplete" is not
included in the calculation because it is not a numerical
value.

Average price of a home in Bellevue that has at least 3

bedrooms and a garage
Average price of a home in Issaquah that has up to 3
bedrooms
=AVERAGEIFS(B16
:B21, C16:C21,
"Bellevue",
D16:D21,
">2",E16:E21,
"Yes")
=AVERAGEIFS(B16
:B21, C16:C21,
"Issaquah",
D16:D21,
"<=3",E16:E21,
"No")
COUNTIFS
Unlike the older COUNTIF function, COUNTIFS can apply more more than one condit
time. Conditions are supplied with range/criteria pairs, and only the first pair is req
additional condition, you must supply another range/criteria pair. Up to 127 range/
allowed.
Criteria can include logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards

Salesperso Exceeded Q1 Exceeded Exceeded

n quota Q2 quota Q3 quota
David Yes No No
John Yes Yes No
Sundar Yes Yes Yes
Leena No Yes Yes

Data
1 5/1/2011

2 5/2/2011

3 5/3/2011
4 5/4/2011
5 5/5/2011
6 5/6/2011
 apply more more than one condition at the same
pairs, and only the first pair is required. For each
ge/criteria pair. Up to 127 range/criteria pairs are

and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching.

Counts how many times Davidxceeded a sales

quota for periods Q1, Q2, and Q3

Counts how many salespeople exceeded both

their Q1 and Q2 quotas

Counts how many times Leena and John

exceeded the same quota for periods Q1, Q2,
and Q3

Counts how many numbers between 1 and 6

(not including 1 and 6) are contained in cells

Counts how many rows have numbers that are

less than 5 and also have dates that are are
earlier than 5/3/2011
=COUNTIFS(B6:D6,"=Yes")

=COUNTIFS(B6:B9,"=Yes",C6:C9,"
=Yes")

=COUNTIFS(B9:D9,"=Yes",B7:D7,"
=Yes")

=COUNTIFS(A15:A20,"<6",A15:A2
0,">1")

=COUNTIFS(A15:A20,
"<5",B15:B20,"<5/3/2011")
FIND Function

Data Find
DATA is not correcT T
DATA is not correct t
Revenue grew by 5% Revenue
Original Text Text
Original Text z

The FIND function returns the position (as a number) of one text string inside another.
If there is more than one occurrence of the search string, FIND returns the position of the fi
The FIND function always case-sensitive:
Arguments
find_text - The substring to find.
within_text - The text to search within.
start_num - [optional] The starting position in the text to search. Optional, defaults to 1.

ISNUMBER
TRUE OR FALSE RESULT
1
=ISNUMBER(FIND("Z","apple"))

SEARCH

he SEARCH function in Excel is very similar to FIND

SEARCH(find_text, within_text, [start_num])
Unlike FIND, the SEARCH function is case-insensitive and it allows using the wildcard chara

Data Find
DATA is not correct t
DATA is not correct t

In this example,
we will filter out
the first and last
names from the
full names using
the SEARCH in
excel

FULL NAME FIRST NAME

AAKRATI JAIN =LEFT(A39,SEARCH(" ",A39)-1)
AASHI SHARMA AASHI
AAYUSHI SARDA AAYUSHI
ABHIJAY PALIWAL ABHIJAY
ANOUSHKA JAIN ANOUSHKA
ANSHIKA SINGH ANSHIKA
ANUJ SINGH ANUJ
ANUSHKA JAIN ANUSHKA

Wildcards
Although SEARCH is not case-sensitive, it does support wildcards (*?~).
* It is to match zero or the number of characters. So, for example, “Fi*
? It is used to match any single character. For example, “Fa? e” could m
Tilde (~) It is used to match wildcard characters in the word. So, for example,

XYZ 1

XYY =ISNUMBER(SEARCH("*z",A57))

XYZ =ISNUMBER(SEARCH("?Y?",A58))

IFERROR
You could use IFERROR to wrap the SEARCH function, and display a message, if the result i

text string Z
 Formula
3
11
1
=FIND(B8,A8,1)
#NAME?

of one text string inside another.

ing, FIND returns the position of the first occurrence. When the text is not found, FIND returns a #VA

to search. Optional, defaults to 1.

Put -- sign before ISNUMBER for boolean result[1 or 0]

1
=--ISNUMBER(FIND("Z","apple"))

and it allows using the wildcard characters.

Formula
11
3

LAST NAME
=RIGHT(A39,LEN(A39)-SEARCH(" ",A39)) 8
SHARMA
SARDA
PALIWAL
JAIN
 SINGH
SINGH
JAIN

rt wildcards (*?~).
er of characters. So, for example, “Fi*” could match “Final, Fitting, Fill, Finch, and Fiasco,” etc.
haracter. For example, “Fa? e” could match “Face” & “Fade,” “?ore” could match “Bore” & “Core,” “
racters in the word. So, for example, if you have the word “Hello*” to find this word, we need to fram

=--ISNUMBER(SEARCH("*z",A56))

=--ISNUMBER(SEARCH("*z",A57))

=--ISNUMBER(SEARCH("?z?",A58))

and display a message, if the result is an error. The IFERROR is available in Excel 2007 and later ve

#VALUE! not Found

FIND returns a #VALUE error.
Fiasco,” etc.
“Bore” & “Core,” “a? ide,” which could match “Abide” and “Aside.”
rd, we need to frame the sentence as “Hello~*.” So here, the character tilde (~) specifies the word

l 2007 and later versions.

specifies the word “Hello” as the wildcard character does not follow it.
MAXIF HOME WORK
MINIF