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Module 3C-

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Akhil Ac
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3 views

Module 3C-

Uploaded by

Akhil Ac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application: Interpolation

Suppose we have some input data (x) and output data f(x) given in tabular form. Then we
want to find a polynomial functional relation of input data (x) and output data f(x), such
that that polynomial function can represent that table values called Interpolating
polynomial.
x0 x1 x2 xn
.. ..
   
y0 y1 y2 .. .. yn
We can also write these values as ( xi , yi ); i  1,2,3,...n.

So, we need a polynomial function y  f ( x) that approximate the given table.


So, we assume an Interpolating polynomial of nth order as

y  f ( x)  a0  a1x  a2 x 2  a3 x 3  .........  an x n ....(1)

For  x0 , y0  we get, y0  a0  a1x0  a2 x0  a3 x0  .........  an x0


2 3 n

For  x1 , y1  we get, y1  a0  a1x1  a2 x1  a3 x1  .........  an x1


2 3 n

For  x2 , y2  we get, y2  a0  a1 x2  a2 x2  a3 x2  .........  an x2


2 3 n

…….……..……………. …(2)
………………………….
………………………....
………………………….
For  xn , yn  we get, yn  a0  a1 xn  a2 xn  a3 xn  .........  an xn
2 3 n

OR

Then we get a system of linear equations for variables a0 , a1, a2 , a3.........an , we solve and
put in equation (1), and get Interpolating polynomial y  f ( x).
Question 1: Find a polynomial for the given data (2, -2), (3, 5) & (-4, 6).
OR
Find a polynomial for the given data
x: 2 3 4
f ( x) : 2 5 6
OR
Find a polynomial for the given data y2  2, y3  5, y4  6 .

plane for given data f ( x)  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2


2
Solution: Letting polynomial in ....(1)
For  2,  2  we get, 2  a0  2a1  4a2  a0  2a1  4a2  2 ….(2)
For  3, 5  we get, 5  a0  5a1  25a2  a0  5a1  25a2  5 ….(3)
For  4, 6  we get, 6  a0  4a1  16a2  a0  4a1  16a2  6 ….(4)

Solving by Gauss-Jordan El. method we can get


1 2 4 2 1 0 0 62 / 7 
1 5 25 5  RRE form 1 1 0 22 / 21  a   62 , a  22 , a  25 .
    0
7
1
21
2
21
1 4 16 6  0 0 1 25 / 21

62 22 25
So the required polynomial f ( x)    x  x2 .
7 21 21

Exercise 1: Find a polynomial for the given data

Ans:

Question 2 Find the polynomial P( x)  a  bx  cx 2  dx3 that satisfies


P(0)  1, P(1)  4, P '(0)  1, P '(1)  4 . Also find P(100) & P ''(25) .
Solution: P( x)  a  bx  cx 2  dx3 so, we can get P '( x)  b  2cx  3dx 2
P(0)  1  1  a  b(0)  c(0) 2  d (0)3  a 1 ...(1)
P(1)  4  4  a  b(1)  c(1)  d (1)
2 3
 a b  c  d 1 ...(2)
P '(0)  1  1  b  2c(0)  3d (0) 2
 b 1 ...(3)
P '(1)  4 
4  b  2c(1)  3d (1) 2  b  2c  3d  4 ...(4)
cd 2
Putting a=1, b=1 in (2) & (4), we get on solving we get c  2, d  3.
2c  3d  3
P( x)  1  x  3x 2  3x3 .

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