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Relation and function

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2 views

Relation and function

Uploaded by

nadagoudadhruv248
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relation and function

Relation
In mathematics, a relation is a way to associate or connect
elements from one set to elements of another set. It
describes a relationship between elements of two sets and
is often expressed as a set of ordered pairs.
Definition:

Given two sets A and B, a relation R from A to B is a subset


of the Cartesian product A×B. This means that a relation R
consists of pairs (a,b), where a∈A and b∈B, and the pair
(a,b) belongs to the relation R.

If (a,b)∈ R, we say that a is related to b by R, and this can


be written as a R b
Example:

Let’s consider the sets A={1,2,3} and B={4,5}. A relation R


from A to B could be:

R={(1,4),(2,5),(3,4)}

In this case:

● 1 is related to 4,
● 2 is related to 5,
● 3 is related to 4.

Function
In mathematics, a function is a special type of relation that
assigns exactly one output to each input. In other words, a
function maps each element from one set (called the
domain) to exactly one element in another set (called the
codomain).
Formal Definition:

Given two sets A (the domain) and B (the codomain), a


function f from A to B is a rule that assigns to every element
x∈ A exactly one element f(x)∈B. This is written as:

f:A→B

For each element x∈A, there is one and only one


corresponding element f(x)∈B, where f(x is called the
image or the output of x under the function f.
Notation:

● f(xepresents the output of the function f when x is the


input.
● A is the domain of the function, which is the set of all
possible inputs.
● B is the codomain, which is the set of all possible
outputs.
● The range (or image) is the actual set of outputs that
the function produces
Example of a Function:

Consider the function f(x)= x^2, where the domain is the set
of real numbers R and the codomain is also R.

For different inputs x, the function produces outputs as


follows:

● f(2)= 2^2 = 4
● f(−3)=(-3)^2 = 9
● f(0)= 0^2 =0

Difference between relation and function


The key distinction between a relation and a function in
mathematics lies in how they associate elements from two
sets. While both involve connections between elements of
sets, functions have stricter rules compared to general
relations.

Here’s a detailed comparison:

Feat Relation Function


ure

Defin A relation is a A function is a


ition connection special type of
between relation where
elements of two each element in
sets. It is a the domain is
subset of the associated with
Cartesian exactly one
product A×B element in the
codomain.

Map A relation can A function relates


ping relate one each element of
Rule element in the the domain to
domain to one or exactly one
more elements in element in the
the codomain (no codomain
uniqueness (uniqueness
required). required).

Math For R⊆A×B For f:A→B, each


emat there can be a∈A must have
ical multiple pairs exactly one
Cond (a,b1),(a,b2),... corresponding
ition with the same a. element b∈B,
i.e., no two
distinct pairs can
share the same
first element.

Allo Elements of the Each element of


wed domain can be the domain must
Pairi paired with zero, be paired with
ng one, or multiple exactly one
elements in the element in the
codomain. codomain (no
multiple
mappings
allowed).

Exa R={(1,2),(1,3),(2, f={(1,2),(2,4),(3,6)


mple 4)}— here, 1 is }f = \{(1, 2), (2, 4),
of related to both 2 (3, 6)— each
Valid and 3 (allowed in element of the
Pairi a relation). domain (1, 2, 3)
ng is related to
exactly one
element in the
codomain.

Type A relation might A function always


of assign multiple assigns a single
Outp outputs (or none) output to each
ut to a single input. input.

Grap In a graph, a In a graph, each


hical relation can have point in the
Repr multiple arrows domain has
esen starting from one exactly one arrow
tatio point (indicating leading to a point
n multiple in the codomain.
mappings).

Exa - Relation: "is - Function:


mple greater than" (>) f(x)=2x (each
s is a relation input has one
between output). -
numbers. - Function:
Relation: f={(1,3),(2,5),(3,7)
R={(1,2),(1,3),(2, } (each input is
4)} (multiple related to exactly
pairings for 1). one output).

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