PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES

1. The figure below shows a homogenous half-space subjected two circular loads each 254mm

in diameter and spaced at 508mm on centers. The pressure on the circular area is 350kPa. The

half space has the elastic modulus of 70MPa and poisson ratio of 0.5. Determine the Vertical

Stress, Strain, and Deflection at Point A, which is located at 254mm below the center of one

circle.

Given

a  12.7cm
q  350 kpa
z  25.4cm

r z 25.4
 The stresses at point A due to the left load with  0 and   2 from graph the
a a 12.7

reading for vertical stress is 0.28,and for tangential and radial stress is 0.016:

q Z  0.28  350  98kpa

q r  qt  0.016  350  5.6kpa

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 PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES

r z
 The stresses due to the right load with  4 and  2 from graph the reading for vertical
a a

stress is 0.0076, radial stress is 0.0026, and for tangential stress out of the graph which means

there is no tangential stress from right load at Point A.

q z  0.0076  350  2.66kpa

q r  0.0026  350  9.1kpa
qt  0

By superposition, the stresses will be:

q z  98kpa  2.66kpa  100.66kpa

q r  5.6kpa  9.1kpa  14.7kpa
qt  5.6kpa

Strain at A

(q z  v  (q r  qt ))
z 
E

(100.66  0.5  (14.7  5.6))

z   0.001293
70000

Deflection factors at A due to left load and right load are 0.68 and 0.21 respectively.

Total deflection,

(0.68  0.21)  350  12.7

w  0.0565cm
70000

2. A plate loading test usisng a palte of 305mm diameter was performed on the surface of the

subgrade. A total load of 40kN was applied and a deflecrtion of 2.54mm was measured.

Assuming that the subgrsde has a poissons ratio of 0.30, determine the elastic modulus of the

subgrade.

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 PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES

Given

a  152 .5mm
w  2.54mm
v  0.3
q  40 KN

Solution

The average pressure on the plate is:

40 KN
q  430 kpa
  (305 mm) 2
4

  (1  v 2 )  q  a
E
2 w

  (1  0.09)  430  152.5

E  36.88mpa
2  2.54

3. A circular load with a radius of 152mm and a uniform pressure of 552kPa is applied on a two-

layer system. The subgrade has an elastic modulus of 35MPa and can support vertical stress of

55kPa. If the HMA has an elastic modulus of 3.45GPa, what is the required thickness of the

full depth pavement? If a thin surface treatment is applied on a granular base with and elastic

modulus of 172MPa, What is the thickness of the base course required?

Given

a  152 mm
q  552 mm
E 2  35mpa
Qc  55kpa
E1  3.45Gpa

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 PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES

E1 3.45Gpa Q 55kpa
  100 and c   0.099  0.1
E2 35mpa q 552 kpa

a 152 mm
From figure,  1.15 or h1   132.2mm
h1 1.15

The minimum thickness for full depth pavement is 132.2mm.

If E1  173mpa ,

E1 173mpa Q 55kpa
  4.94  5 and c   0.099  0.1
E2 35mpa q 552 kpa

a
From figure  0.4 or
h1

152 mm
h1   380 mm
0.4

4. A total load of 90KN was applied on the surface of the two-layer systems through a rigid plate

305mm diameter. Layer 1 has a thickness of 203mm and layer 2 has an elastic moduus of

44.2Mpa. Both layers are incompressible with the poisson ratio of 0.5. If the deflection of the

plater is 2.54mm, determine the elastic modulus of tne layer 1.

Given

q  90kN , w  2.54mm
a  152.2mm, v  0.5
h1  203mm, E2  44.2mpa
E1  ?

The average pressure on the plate is, q  90 kN

 1.23mpa
  305 2
4

w0  E 2 2.54  44.2
F2    0.507
1.18  q  a 1.18  1.23  152 .5

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 PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES

h1 203 E
Given that   1.33 from figure, 1  5 so,
a 152.5 E2

E1  5  44.2  221mpa

5. The figure below shows a set of the dual tires, each having a contact radius of 115mm and a

contact pressure of 500kPa. The center-to-center spacing of the dual is 343mm. Layer 1 has

a thickness of 152mm and an elastic modulus of 700MPa and layer 2 has an elastic modulud

of 70MPa. Determine the Verical deflection at Point A, which is the inteface benearth the

center of one loaded area.

Given

E1 700 h1 152
  10 ,   1.322
E2 70 a 115

r
From figure, the deflection factor at point A due to the left load with  0 is 0.59. and that due
a

r 343
to the right load with   2.256 is 0.3.
a 152

By superposition, F=0.59+0.3=0.89

qa
w F
E2

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 PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES

500 kpa  115mm  0.89

w  0.731mm
70mpa

6. A two lane plain concrete highway slab is 12m long, 7m wide (with longitudinal joint at the

center), and 25mm thick. For a concrete unit weight of 23.5KN/m3, a coefficient of friction

between the slab amd the subgrade of 1.5 and an allowable steess is steel of 300MPa,

determine:

a) The area of the reinforceent per meter required to control temprature cracking in the

longitudinal and tranverse directions and,

b) The area of the vars per meter length.

Given 23.5∗7∗0.25∗1.5∗∗103
As= mm2/m
2∗300
L= 12m

h= 250mm (since 25mm thickness of

As= 103mm2/m
concrete is very small for a rigid pavement, I

assumed 250mm of thickness of concrete)

As= γcLᶦhf/2fs
f= 1.5m
Where Lᶦ=is the distance from the
fs= 300 MPa
longitudinal joint to the free edge where no
Area of longitudinal reinforcement
tie bars exist
As= γcLhf/ (2fs)
Lᶦ= lane width =7m/2= 3.5m
23.5∗12∗0.25∗1.5∗∗103
As= mm2/m 23.5∗3.5∗0.25∗1.5∗∗103
2∗300 As= mm2/m
2∗300
As=176 mm2/m
As= 52 mm2/m
Area of transverse reinforcement

Chapter Two: Examples on Stress in Pavements Page 6