形容词和副词

一． 形容词

1. 修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“…的”的词都是形容词。

如：She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮的)

2. 在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

如：I have an interesting book. (interesting 有趣的，修饰 book，在句中作定语)

We are happy today. (happy 快乐的，在句中作表语)

Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean 干净的，tidy 整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语)

3. 多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序

限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）

如：a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个 17 岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。

the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。

二． 副词：

1. 通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。一般“…地”的词都是副词。

如：You must listen to the teacher carefully.(仔细地，认真地)

2. 副词的分类

1) 时间副词: now, today 等

2）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never

2) 地点副词：here, there, upstairs, downstairs 等

3) 方式副词：carefully, fast, well, politely 等

4) 程度副词: much, little, quite 等

5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why 等

三． 形容词转化成副词

1. 一般在形容词后加 ly, 如：quick-quickly

2. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词，变 y 为 i, 加 ly, 如：happy-happily

3. 以 ue 结尾的形容词，去 e 加 ly, 如：true-truly

注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast, hard, high, late, far 等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。另外，有些以 ly 结尾的词不是副词，而

是形容词，如：friendly, lovely lonely, lively 等。

四． 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成

1. 比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如 tall-taller, well-better

2. 最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如 long-longest

3. 比较级和最高级的变化规则：

规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：
 a. 在词尾直接加-er/est, 如：short-shorter-shortest

b. 词尾是 e，只加-r/st, 如：nice-nicer-nicest

c. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 再加-er/est, 如：happy-happier-happiest

d. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,

如：big-bigger-biggest

e. 其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加 more/most, 如：more/most delicious

不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）

词义 原级 比较级 最高级

好 good/well better best

坏 bad/badly/ill worse worst

多 many/much more most

少 little less least

远 far farther/further farthest/furthest

五．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：
1. 原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相同”相当于 the same as…
肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as B
Tom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.
否定句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B
This tree is not as/so tall as that one.
2. 比较级的用法:
1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ B
Susan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary
注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用 much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit 来修饰。
2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+than
I’m two years older than you.
Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.
3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”
The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4）the +比较级，the +比较级，表示“越……, 就越……”
The more, the better. 越多越好。（多多益善）
3. 最高级用法：
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加 the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带 in 或 of 表范围的短语。
1）one of the +最高级
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
 2）比较级句型表达最高级意义
A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数)
如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数)
如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.
以上两句意思相当于：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.

随堂演练（满分 100 分）

一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1 分=23 分)

old________ young_______ tall______ long________

short________ strong________ big________ small_______

fat________ thin__________ heavy______ light________

nice________ good_________ beautiful_________ ________

low_________ high_________ slow_______ fast________

late_________ early_________ far_________ well_______

二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：（23*1 分=23 分）

1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.

2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.

3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.

4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.

5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.

6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.

7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.

8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.

9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.

10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..

11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?

12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?

13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.

14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).15.The child doesn’t_____(write) as ____(fast) as the

students.

三、小小翻译家：（62*0.5 分=31 分）

1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？是你。 ________ is _________than Jim？ ________ are.

2、谁比 David 更强壮？是 Gao Shan. ________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.

3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think.

4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。

_________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________ ___________.

5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 _________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am.

6、他和他的朋友 Jim 一样年轻。 He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim.

7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。

________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him.

8.Yang Ling 每天睡得比 SuYang 晚。 Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day.

9.我跳得和 Mike 一样远。 I _________ as _______ as Mike.

10.Tom 比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。

____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____.

11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 ________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon.

12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.

13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。

____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.

14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me.

15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_____ _____ up _____than me.

16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 ____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____.

17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____.

18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。

___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me.

五、选词填空（18*1 分=18 分）

1. My sister is getting _____.

A. fater and fater B. fatter and fatter C. more fatter and fatter D. more and more fatter

2. They are ________to us than before.

A. friend B. friendly C. more friendly D. friendier

3. Jack is the ______ boy ________our class.

A. tallest. in B. taller. in C. most tall. of D. more tall. of

4. It is not _______ warm _________ yesterday. Put on more clothes.

A. so . on B. so. in C. as .at D. as. as

5. Hangzhou is one of ____cities I have visited.

A. beautiful B. beauitifulier C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful

6. Both Andy and I drive slowly. Tom drives fast. So Tom drives ________of all.
 A. slower B. the slowest C. faster D. the fastest

7．My sister is a ____________ girl.

A．good B．well C．very

8．一 Is it your toy taxi?一 No. ___________ it’s his．

A．May be B．May C．Maybe

9．______ are you?— I’m ______, thank you．

A．What；good B．How；fine C．What；fine D．How；good

10．一 Can you help me?— ___________.

A．Yes B．Excuse me C．Certainly D．How

11．The grass around my house is Very________．

A. black B．blue C．green

12．The sky is ________. The c1oud is _________．

A．blue；red B．red；brown C．blue；white

13．The child is __________ kind．

A．much B．very much C．very

14．一 Could I use your pen，please? — __________.

A．No B．Certainly C．Excuse me

15．I _________ go to School at 8：00 a．m．

A．very B．much C．often

16．I have an _________ doll.

A．old beautiful B．beautiful o1d C．small old

17．Mr Wang is a _________ teacher.

A. tall old English B. English old tall C. old tall English

18．Oranges are __________．

A．purple B．blue C．orange

课后练习

一、按要求写出下列单词的比较级和最高级

1.good________ ________2.thin__________ _________3.heavy_______ ________

4.happy_______ ________5.long__________ _________6.little_________ ________

7.far__________ _______8.careful________ _________9.slow________ ________

10.well________ _______11.low__________ ________12. beautiful________ _________

 13.large______ _______14.famous________ ________15. delicious _________ _________

16.interesting ________ __________ 17.important ________ ____________

18.cheap______ ______ 19.easy ______ ________ 20.high______ ________

二、根据句意，用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空

1.Jim works________(hard), but his brother works________(hard) than him.

2.It’s much________(hot) today than yesterday.

3. Mr. Smith is the__________(rich) man in this office.

4. This match is ________(exciting) of the three.

5.My mother is the _______(busy) in my family.

6. Beijing is one of the_________(beautiful) city in China.

7. This book is ________(interesting) than that book.

8. Which goes________(quick), the bus or the car?

9. Look! His hands are____________( big ) than mine.

10. I think you do these things_________( well ) than your classmates.

11. Whose bag is___________( heavy ), yours or mine?

12. Does Jim run as__________( slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs _________ ( slow ) than them.

13. I’m very____________( thin ), but she’s___________( thin ) than me.

14. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).

15. My brother is two years __________(old) than me.

三、单项选择题

1. Which subject do you like_______, maths or English?

A.good B.better C.well D.best

2.This red rose is _______of all flowers.

A.beautifuler B.much more beautiful C.the most beautiful D.beautiful

3.My book is newer than________.

A.he B.his C.our D.we

4.He is________student in his class.

A.good B.better C.the best D.best

5.Look! The bee________than the bird.

A.fly higher B.is flying higher C.as high as D.flies higher

6.His hens are ________and fat.

A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest

7.She knows________about history than most people.

 A.more B.much C.most D.many

8.It was really an________story.

A.afraid B.excited C.exciting D.worried

9.Which city is __________from here, Beijing or Shanghai?

A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the farthest

10.This building is __________that tree.

A.so tall as B.as tall as C.so tall as D.as taller as

五、选择正确的词填空。

Sarah is 12 years ________ (old,older).She is one year ________ (older,oldest) than me. But I am 0.1 meter

________ (taller, tallest) than her. She studies in Guangzhou international school. She studies the________

(harder,hardest) in her class. Everyone likes her. Yesterday, she was ill. She took some medicine and she feels

________ (good,better) now.