Lab Manual

For
EEE 1132 (Basic Electrical Circuits Lab)
Credit 1, Contact hour: 1.5 Hours per week

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Varendra University
Rajshahi, Bangladesh
 Varendra University
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

EEE 1132
Basic Electrical Circuits Lab
Experiment No.
Experiment Name

Student ID :
Student Name :
Section :
Semester :
Mobile No. :
Name of the Program :

Submitted To
Course Teacher 1 Course Teacher 2
Name: Name:
Designation Designation:

Obtained Grade Signature of the Course Teacher

 INDEX
SL Pages
i INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE LABORATORY AND SAFETY RULES
ii COURSE SYLLABUS
iii NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTS
1. Verification of Kirchoff’s law (Current)
2. Verification of Kirchoff’s law (Voltage)
3. Verification of Superposition theorem.
4. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem.
5. Verification of Maximum Power transfer theorem.
6. Verification of resonance of a series RLC circuit.
7. Lab Final Examination
 I. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE LABORATORY AND SAFETY RULES

The following instruction and safety rules must be observed in all laboratory locations.

1. It is the duty of all concerned who use any electrical laboratory to take all reasonable steps to
safeguard the HEALTH and SAFETY of themselves and all other users and visitors.

2. Be sure that all equipment is properly working before using for laboratory exercises. Any
defective equipment must be reported immediately to the lab instructors or lab technical staff.

3. Students are allowed to use only the equipment provided in the experiment manual.

4. Power supply terminals connected to any circuit should only be energized in the presence of the
instructor or lab staff.

5. Students should keep a safe distance from the electric circuits or any moving parts during the
experiment.

6. Avoid any body contact between energized circuits and ground.

7. Switch off equipment and disconnect power supplies from the circuit before leaving the
laboratory.

8. Maintain cleanliness and proper laboratory housekeeping of the equipment and other related
accessories.

10. Double check your circuit connections before switching “ON” the power supply.

11. Make sure that the last connection to be made in your circuit is the power supply and first thing
to be disconnected is also the power supply.

12. Equipment should not be removed or transferred to any location without taking permission
from the laboratory staff.

15. Students are not allowed to use any equipment without proper orientation and actual hands-on
equipment operation.

16. Smoking, eating, drinking, charging mobile phone, using own laptop and taking photos in the
laboratory are strongly prohibited.

The above rules and regulations are necessary precautions in the electrical laboratory to
Safe guard the students, laboratory staff, the equipment and other laboratory users.
II. COURSE SYLLABUS

1 Faculty Faculty of Science and Engineering

2 Department Department of CSE
3 Program B. Sc in Computer Science and Engineering
4 Name of the Course Basic Electrical Circuits Lab
5 Course Code EEE 1132
6 Bi-semester July, 2023
7 Co-requisites
8 Status
9 Credit Hours 1.5
10 Section
11 Class Hours
12 Class Location Digital Electronic Lab, Room: EAB 401
13 Name(s) of the Arifa Ferdousi
Academic staff/
Instructor(s)
14 Contact arifa@vu.edu.bd
pallab@vu.edu.bd
mifta@vu.edu.bd
aman@vu.edu.bd

15 Office
16 Counseling Hours
17 Text Books Electrical Circuits by B.L Thereja
18 Reference 1. www.studocu.com
2. www.allaboutcircuits.com
3. www.electronicshub.org
4. www.electronics-lab.com

19 Equipments and Aids 1. Lab sheet

2. Text Books
20 Course Rationale The objective of Electric Circuits laboratory is to impart
hands on experience in verification of circuit laws and
theorems, measurement of circuit parameters and study
of circuit characteristics. It also gives practical exposure
to the usage of Digital Oscilloscope, power sources,
function generator etc.
21 Course Description This course presents the fundamentals of electrical circuit
analysis. It begins with basic concepts such as voltage, current,
sources, resistor, capacitor, inductor and Ohm's law; then it
proceeds to develop general and powerful procedures such as
KCL, KVL, nodal and mesh analyses, sinusoidal signal and
their representation in phasor form, used in analyzing electric
 circuits. This course covers some fundamental theorems such
as Superposition, Thevenin, Norton, Maximum power transfer
theorem used in analyzing electric circuits. It also covers
series and parallel RLC circuit and their application.
22 Course Objectives The course is designed to provide the background of the
following topics:
1. Operate different types of instruments for circuit analysis.
2. Demonstrate the analysis of network theorems.
3. Examine the characteristics of RLC circuits.
23 Course Outcomes After the successful completion of this course, students will be
able to
1. Operate different types of instruments for circuit analysis.
2. Demonstrate the analysis of network theorems.
3. Examine the characteristics of RLC circuits.
24 Teaching Methods Lecture, Presentation, Problem solving
25 Topic Outline
Class Topics COs Reading Activities
reference
1-2 Get the fundamental conception of Problem
Electrical circuits, basic electrical laws, solving,
alternating currents, voltage and its question
different properties and theorems, answer,
voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter, KCL Verify
and KVL KCL, KVL

3 Implementation of Superposition Problem

theorem with necessary circuit solving,
diagram and result table. question
answer,
Verify
superpositi
on theorem
4 Implementation of Thevenin’s Problem
theorem with necessary circuit solving,
diagram and result table. question
answer,
Verify
Thevenin’s
theorem
6 Implementation of Maximum Problem
Power Transfer theorem with solving,
necessary circuit diagram and result question
table. answer,
Verify
maximum
Power
transfer
theorem
 7 Series RLC circuit Problem
solving,
question
answer,
calculate
resonance
frequency
theorem
8 Quiz Problem
solving,
Multiple
choice
9-10 Lab Final Lab test,
Viva,

26 Assessment
Methods Assessment Types Marks
Attendance 10%
Experiment 10%
Laboratory Viva-voce 10%
Laboratory Report 20%
Final Lab Viva 10%
Lab Final 15%
Lab Quiz 25%
Total 100%

27 Grading Policy

28 Additional Course 1.1 . Lab Reports

Policies Reports on previous Experiment must be submitted before the
beginning of new experiment. A bonus mark may be obtained
if a sutdents submits a neat, clean and complete lab report.

2.2 Examination
There will be a lab exam at the end of the semester that will be
a closed book exam.
 3.3. Unfair means policy
In case of copying/ plagiarism in any of the assessments, the
students involved will receive zero marks. Zero Tolarance will
be shown in this regard. In case of severel offences, actions will
be taken as per university rule.

4.4. Counseling
Students are expected to follow the counselling hours posted.
In case of emergency/ unavoidable situation, students can e-
mail the respective teachers for an appoinment.

5.5. Policy for Absence in Class/ Exam

If a student is absent in the class for anything other than medical
reasons, he/she will not receive attedance. If a student misses a
class for genuine medical reasons, he/she must apply with the
supporting documents . He/she will then have to follow the
instructions given by the instructor for make-up.

In case of absence in the mid/ final exam for medical grounds,

the student must also get his/ her application forwarded by the
head of the department before a make-up exam can be taken.

It is recommended that the student inform the instructor

beforehand through mail if they feel that they will miss a class
/ evaluation due to medical reasons.

29 Additional info
Experiment No. 1:

Name of the Exp.: Verification of Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL).

Objective: To verify Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) theoretically and experimentally for the
given circuits.

Theory:
KCL states that the algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a node is equal to zero.

Figure 1: Circuit diagram for Kirchhoff’s current law.

Apparatus:
1. DC power supply
2. Resistors
3. Digital Multi-meter
4. Bread Board
5. Connecting wires

Procedure:

KCL
1. Check the values of the resistor using a multi-meter ( ohm section of multi-meter).
Record the values in Table -1.
2. Give the connection as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.2.
3. Set a particular value in the DC power supply.
4. Measure circuit current and branch currents and record their values in Tabel-3.
5. Sum up the ammeter readings (I1 , I2 …) that should be equal to the total currents.
6. Repeat the same for different voltages.
7. Verify KCL for each set of data.

Observations:
Tabel-1: Resistor values

Resistors R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9
Ohm meter
reading
Table -2: Experimental and theoretical data for Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
TV = Theoretical Value MV = Measured Value

No. of V I (A) I1 (A) I2 (A) I3 (A) I1 =I2+ I3 (A)

Observation (V)
TV MV TV MV TV MV TV MV TV MV

Model Calculation:

Results:
1. Show the results in Tabular form.
2. Comments on the result obtained and discrepancies (in any).

Precautions:
1. Check for proper connections before switching ON the supply.
2. Take care of the reading of the apparatus.
3. The terminal of the resistance should be properly connected.
Experiment No. 2:

Name of the Exp.: Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage law (KVL).

Objective: To verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) theoretically and experimentally for the
given circuits.

Theory:
KVL states that in any closed path / mesh, the algebraic sum of all the voltages is zero.

Fig-1: Circuit diagram for Kirchhoff’s voltage and Kirchhoff’s current law.

Apparatus:
6. DC power supply
7. Resistors
8. Digital Multi-meter
9. Bread Board
10. Connecting wires

Procedure:
KVL
1. Check the values of the resistor using a multi-meter (ohm section of multi-meter). Record
the values in Table -1.
2. Give the connection as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.
3. Set a particular value in the DC power supply.
4. Measure the voltage drops in the circuit and record their values in Table -2.
5. Sum up the voltmeter readings i.e. voltage drops that should be equal to the applied
voltage.
6. Repeat the same for different voltages.
7. Verify KVL for each set of data.
Observations:

Tabel-1: Resistor values

Resistors R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9
Ohm meter
reading

Table -2: Experimental and theoretical data for Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL)
TV = Theoretical Value MV = Measured Value

No. of Observation V (V) V1 (V) V2 (V) V=V1+ V2

TV MV TV MV TV MV

Model Calculation:

Results:
3. Show the results in Tabular form.
4. Comments on the result obtained and discrepancies (in any).

Precautions:
4. Check for proper connections before switching ON the supply.
5. Take care of the reading of the apparatus.
6. The terminal of the resistance should be properly connected.
Experiment No. 3:
Name of the Exp.: Verification of Superposition theorem.

Objective: To verify Superposition theorem theoretically and experimentally which is an

analytical technique of determining currents in a circuit with more than one emf source.

Theory:
In a circuit (network) made up of linear elements (e.g. resistors) and containing two or more
sources of emf, the current in any particular branch when all the emf sources are acting
simultaneously may be found by considering the sources of emf to act one at a time, then finding
the current in the specified branch due to each source and then superimposing, or adding
algebraically, these component currents.

Note regarding Superposition theorem:

While the current due to a particular source of emf is being found the other emf sources are
rendered inactive and if any branch element is in series with those sources that remains intact.

Fig- Circuit diagram for superposition theorem.

Apparatus:
1. DC power supplies
2. Resistors
3. Digital Multi-meter
4. Bread Board
5. Connecting wires

Procedure:

1. Check the values of the resistor using a multi-meter (ohm section of multi-meter). Record
the values in Table -1.
2. Give the connection as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig1.B.
3. Set a particular value in the DC power supply. ( E1 = 5V)
4. Measure circuit current and branch currents and record their values in Tabel-2.
5. Give the connection as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig 1.C.
6. Set a particular value in the DC power supply. ( E2 = 7V)
7. Measure circuit current and branch currents and record their values in Tabel-2
8. Give the connection as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.1.A.
9. Measure circuit current and branch currents and record their values in Tabel-2
10. Repeat the procedure for different values of E1 and E2.

Observations:

Tabel-1: Resistor values

Resistors R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9
Ohm
meter
reading

Table -2: Experimental and theoretical data for Fig-2 (E1 active and E2 inactive)

No. of E1(V) I (A) I ‘1 (A) I ‘2 (A) I ‘3 (Volts)

Observation

TV TV TV TV TV TV TV TV
Table -3: Experimental and theoretical data for Fig-2 (E2 active and E1 inactive)

No. of E2(V) I (A) I ‘’1 (A) I ‘’2 (A) I ‘’3 (Volts)

Observation

TV TV TV TV TV TV TV TV

Table -4: Experimental and theoretical data for Fig-2 (E1 active and E2 active)

No. of E1(V) E2(V) I1 (A) I 2 (A) I 3 (Volts)

Observation

TV MV TV MV TV MV

Model Calculations:

Results:

5. Show the results in Tabular form.

6. Comments on the result obtained and discrepancies (in any).

Precautions:

7. Check for proper connections before switching ON the supply.

8. Take care of the reading of the apparatus.
9. The terminal of the resistance should be properly connected.
Experiment No. 4:
Name of the Exp.: Verification of Thevenin’s theorem.

Objective: To verify Thevenin's theorem with reference to a given circuit theoretically as well as
experimentally.

Theory:
Thevenin’s theorem states that any two terminal linear bilateral network containing sources and
passive elements can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source Vth in
series with a resistor Rth where.

Vth= The open circuit voltage (VOC) at the two terminals A & B.
Rth = The resistance looking into the terminals A and B of the network with all sources removed.

Fig-1: Circuit Diagram for Thevenin’s theorem.

Apparatus:
6. DC power supplies
7. Resistors
8. Digital Multi-meter
9. Bread Board
10. Connecting wires

Procedure:

1. Check the values of the resistor using multi-meter (ohm section of multi-meter). Record
the values in Table -1.
2. Give the connection as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.1

FINDING VTh & RTH :

3. Remove the load resistance RL and find the open circuit voltage between terminals A &
B. This voltage is Thevenin voltage i.e. VTH=VOC.
4. Replace the voltage sources with short circuits. With RL removed from the circuit,
measure Rth using a Multimeter. Or
5. Place a short circuit between terminals A & B and find the short circuit current ISC.
Divide the open circuit voltage by the short circuit current to find the Thevenin resistance
RTH i.e.
Rth = Voc/Isc
6. Record the results in Table 2
Observations:

Tabel-1: Resistor values

Resistors R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9
Ohm
meter
reading

Table -2: Experimental and theoretical data for Fig-2 and Fig-3

No. of Vs(V) Vth (Volt) Rth(ohm) IL (A) From IL(A) form

Observation Circuit -1 thevenins
equivalent
circuit.
TV MV TV MV TV MV TV MV

Model Calculation:

Results:

7. Show the results in Tabular form.

8. Comments on the result obtained and discrepancies (in any).

Precautions:

10. Check for proper connections before switching ON the supply.

11. Take care of the reading of the apparatus.
12. The terminal of the resistance should be properly connected.
Experiment No. 5:
Name of the Exp.: Verification of Maximum Power transfer theorem.

Objective: The objective of this experiment is to verify maximum power transfer theorem
theoretically and experimentally for the given circuit.

Theory:
In a linear, bilateral circuit the maximum power will be transferred to the load when load
resistance is equal to source resistance. or

In a resistive circuit, a resistive load receives maximum power when the load resistance is equal
to Thevenin’s equivalent resistance of the circuit (i.e. RL = RTH). The maximum power can be
calculated using the expression:

P = V2oc / 4RTH

where VTH is the open circuit voltage.

Fig-1: Circuit Diagram for Maximum Power transfer theorem

Apparatus:
11. DC power supplies
12. Resistors
13. Digital Multi-meter
14. Bread Board
15. Connecting wires

Procedure:

1. Check the values of the resistor using a multi-meter (ohm section of multi-meter). Record
the values in Table -1.
2. Give the connection as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.1
3. Replace the load resistor between A and B with a variable resistor (i.e. RL in this case is
the variable resistor).
4. Vary RL and measure VL and IL in each case. Record the results in Table 2.
5. Calculate PL from the measured values of VL and IL and record the result in Table 2.
Observations:

Tabel-1: Resistor values

Resistors R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9
Ohm
meter
reading

Table -2: Experimental and theoretical data Maximum power transfer theorem.

No. of VS(V) RL(ohm) IL (A) VL(volts) PL = VLIL(watts)

Observation

TV MV TV MV TV MV

Model Calculations:

Results:

1. Show the results in Tabular form.

2. Comments on the result obtained and discrepancies (in any).

Precautions:

1. Check for proper connections before switching ON the supply.

2. Take care of the reading of the apparatus.
3. The terminal of the resistance should be properly connected.
Experiment No. 6:
Name of the experiment : Verification of resonance of a series RLC circuit.
Objective : To design the resonant frequency, quality factor and band width of a series RLC
circuit.

Theory:
An AC circuit is said to be in Resonance when the applied voltage and current are in
phase. Resonance circuits are formed by the combination of reactive elements connected
in either series or parallel.
Resonance frequency in series circuit is given by fr = 1/ (2π √LC) Hz
The impedance of the RLC circuit is
Z = R + j ( ωL – 1/ωC) = R + jX
The circuit is in resonance when X = 0 ie., when ωL = 1/ωC
In a series RLC circuit the current lags behind or leads the applied voltage depending upon the
value of XL and Xc. When XL is greater than Xc the circuit is inductive and when Xc is
greater than XL, the circuit is capacitive.

Quality factor ( Q-factor) or (Selectivity) :

Quality factor can be defined as ,
= 2 π (maximum energy stored )/ ( energy dissipated per cycle).
= (f2 – f1) / fr

Band width: The band width of a resonance circuit is defined as the band of frequencies on
either sides of the resonance frequency. This frequency range can be obtained by dropping
a vertical in the graph at its half power value, i.e.,
1/ √2 times of maximum value.
Band width = f2 – f1

Fig-1: Circuit Diagram series RLC circuit

For oscilloscope:

To calculate the r.m.s. voltage from the peak voltage the factor of is used.

There is a similar relationship between r.m.s. and peak current.

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:
Series Resonance
1. Resonant Frequency (fr) = 1/(2π√LC)
2. Lower cut off frequency (f1) = fr-R/4πL
3. Upper cut off frequency (f2) = fr+R/4πL Quality
4. factor Qr = ωrL/R = 1/ωrRC
5. Band Width f2-f1 = R/2πL

Apparatus:
1. Signal generator
2. Resistors
3. Inductors
4. capacitors
5. Digital Oscilloscope
6. Connecting wires
7. Digital Multimeters
8. Bread Board

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1 for series resonant circuit
2. Set the voltage of the signal from function generator (RMS value).
3. Vary the frequency of the signal in steps and note down the magnitude of response
on Oscilloscope respectively.( response waveform is observed across element R) and record it
table -2.
4. Calculate the Impedance Z.
5. Plot the graphs for current Vs frequency and Z Vs frequency
6. Also plot the graph of Voltage Vs Frequency.
7. Identify the values of f0 , f1 and f2 from the graph, Calculate the Q-factor and Band width.
Observations:

Tabel-1: Resistor values

Resistors, Inductor, Capacitor, Applied Voltage, VS (V)

R (ohms) L(mH( C(μF)

Table -2: Experimental and theoretical data Maximum power transfer theorem.

No. of Frequency,f Voltage Current through Impedance,

Observation (KHz) across resistor, IR(A) Z = V / IR (ohm)
Resisor,
VR(Volts)

Results:
1. Show the results in Tabular form.
2. Comments on the result obtained and discrepancies (in any).

Precautions:

1. Check for proper connections before switching ON the supply.

2. Take care of the reading of the apparatus.
3. The terminal of the components should be properly connected.