2010完型

2010 考研英语（一）逐句解析
Section I Use of English

第一段
①In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a
telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.在 1924 年，美国的国家研究委员会派遣了两
名工程师到芝加哥附近的一家名叫霍桑工厂的电话部件工厂，去监督一系列的实验。
主干：America’s National Research Council sent two engineers.
1. In 1924 是一个时间状语，修饰整个句子，说明动作发生的时间。
2. to supervise a series of experiments 是动词不定式短语作 two engineers 的补足语。
3. at a telephone-parts factory 介词短语作地点状语修饰 to supervise a series of experiments。
4. called the Hawthorne Plant 是过去分词做后置定语，修饰 a telephone-parts factory，说明工厂名称。
5. near Chicago 是介词短语，作后置定语，修饰 the Hawthorne Plant，说明工厂的大致地理位置。
②It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected workers’ productivity. 该委员会希望他们能了解车
间照明如何影响工人的生产效率。
主干：It hoped.
1. they would learn 省略了 that 的宾语从句，做 hoped 的宾语。
2. how shop-floor lighting affected workers’ productivity 宾语从句做动词 learn 宾语。
③Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the Hawthorne effect,the extremely influential idea that the
very act of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. 然而，这些研究最终导致了霍桑效应的命名，
这是一个极其有影响力的观点，即被实验的行为本身会改变实验对象的行为。
主干：the studies ended up giving their name to the Hawthorne effect.
1. Instead 是副词，用于表示对前文的转折，修饰整个句子。
2. the extremely influential idea 是 the Hawthorne effect 同位语。
3. that the very act ... changed subjects’ behavior 是同位语从句，解释说明 the extremely influential idea。
4. of being experimented upon 是介词短语做后置定语，修饰 the very act，表示被实验的行为。
第二段
①The idea arose because of the perplexing behavior of the women in the plant.这个观点的产生是因为工厂里的
女性表现出的令人困惑的行为。
主干：The idea arose.
1. because of the perplexing behavior of the women in the plant 原因状语修饰整个句子解释观点为何产生。
2. of the women 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the perplexing behavior。
3. in the plant 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the women 。
②According to accounts of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it
was dimmed.根据实验记录，增加照明时，她们每小时产量会上升，但光线变暗时产量也会增加。
主干：their hourly output rose.
1. According to accounts of the experiments, 插入语，补充说明句子主干，表示观察是基于实验的记录。
2. when lighting was increased 和 but also when it was dimmed 是并列时间状语从句，修饰主句 their hourly
output rose，分别表示在增加照明和减弱照明的情况下，他们的每小时产量都会上升。
③It did not matter what was done in the experiment; so long as something was changed, productivity rose.
实验中做了什么并不重要；只要有所变化，生产效率就会提升。
主干 1. It did not matter. 主干 2. productivity rose.
1. what was done 主干中的 it 为形式主语，what 引导的主语从句做真正的主语。
2. in the experiment 介词短语做状语，修饰主语从句 what was done 。
3. so long as something was changed, 是 so long as 引导的条件状语从句，修饰主句 productivity rose。
④An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers’ behavior by itself.
意识到自己成为实验对象，单凭这一点似乎就足以自行改变工人的行为。
主干：An awareness altered behavior...seemed to be enough.
1. that they were being experimented upon 同位语从句解释 An awareness，具体说明这种意识内容。
2. to alter workers’ behavior by itself 不定式短语作目的状语，修饰 enough 。
第三段
①After several decades, the same data were subjected to econometric analysis. 数十年后，同样的数据被研究人
员用于计量经济分析。
主干：the same data were subjected to analysis.
1. After several decades 是时间状语，修饰整个句子，表示数据被用于分析是在几十年后。
2. to econometric analysis 介词短语做状语修饰 the same data,表示这些相同的数据被用于计量经济分析。
②The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store.霍桑实验还有另外一个意想不到的结果。
主干：The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise.
in store 介词短语做后置定语，修饰 another surprise 。
③Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were
related to changes in lighting.与记录中的描述相反，没有找到任何系统性的证据表明生产力的水平与照明灯
光变化有关。
主干：no systematic evidence was found.
1. Contrary to the descriptions 形容词短语做句子主干 no systematic evidence was found 的状语。
2. on record 介词短语做后置定语，修饰 the descriptions 。
3. that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting 是一个 that 引导的同位语从句，解释说明
systematic evidence，具体说明了这个 systematic evidence 的内容。
4. in lighting 是介词短语做后置定语，修饰 changes。
第四段
①It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleading interpretations of
what happened.结果表明，进行实验的特殊方式可能导致了对所发生事情的误导性解释。
主干：It turns out that.
1. that the peculiar way...may have led to misleading interpretations, it 形式主语，that 从句做真正主语。
2. of conducting the experiments 介词短语作后置定语，修饰 the peculiar way。
3. of what happened 介词短语作后置定语，修饰 misleading interpretations，具体说明了误解的内容，即对所
发生的事情的解释。
②For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. 例如，照明总是在周日进行更换。
主干: lighting was changed.
1. For example 是插入语。
2. on a Sunday 介词短语做主干时间状语，修饰动词 was changed，表示照明更换具体时间，即在周日。
③When work started again on Monday, output duly rose compared with the previous Saturday and continued to
rise for the next couple of days. 周一的工作重新开始时，产量相较于上周六适时地提高了，并在接下来的几
天中继续上升。
主干: output duly rose.
1. When work started again on Monday, when 引导的时间状语从句修饰主主干，表示产量上升的时间。
2. compared with the previous Saturday 过去分词短语做比较状语，修饰动词 rose，表示上升的参照。
3. and continued to rise 是 and 连接的并列谓语，与主句 output duly rose 并列，描述了产量上升的持续情况，
即在接下来的几天中继续上升。
4. for the next couple of days 介词短语做时间状语，表示在未来几天继续上涨。
④However, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went
up on Mondays. 然而，与没有实验的几周的数据进行比较表明，产量总是在周一上升。
主干: a comparison...showed.
1. However 是插入语。
2. that output always went up 是 that 引导的宾语从句，作 showed 的宾语。
3. on Mondays 介词短语作时间状语。
4. with data for weeks 介词短语作后置定语，修饰 a comparison 。
5. when there was no experimentation 是 when 引导的定语从句，修饰 weeks 。
⑤Workers tended to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before hitting a plateau and then
slackening off. 任何情况下，工人们在一周的前几天倾向于勤奋工作，然后达到一个平台期，之后开始松懈。
主干: Workers tended to be diligent.
1. for the first few days of the week 介词短语做时间状语，修饰 diligent，表示工人们勤奋工作的时间。
2. in any case 介词短语作条件状语修饰整个句子，表示任何情况下，工人在一周前几天倾向勤奋工作。
3. before hitting a plateau and then slackening off 介词短语作时间状语。
⑥This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin down.这表明所谓霍桑效应很难准确确定。
主干: This suggests.
that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin down 是 that 引导的宾语从句，作 suggest 宾语。

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2010 考研英语（一）逐句解析

Section I Use of English

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