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    1.4 alcohols, ethers, thiols SV

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    ashmitpal2007

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    1.4 alcohols, ethers, thiols SV

    Uploaded by

    ashmitpal2007
    2 views3 pages

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    2 views3 pages

    1.4 alcohols, ethers, thiols SV

    Uploaded by

    ashmitpal2007

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Alcohols, Ethers, Thiols

    Alcohols

    - contain the –OH functional group (hydroxyl)

    R- OH where R is any alkyl group

    - can be primary, secondary or tertiary, depending on the position of the hydroxyl group

    - look at the C that the –OH is bonded to and count how many C’s is that C bonded to?

    How to name an alcohol:

    - locate the longest chain that contains the –OH group and number the chain so that the hydroxyl has the lowest
    possible position number

    - replace ending of parent chain to – ol

    - add a position number before the –ol ending

    - if there is more than one –OH leave the e in the alkane’s name and add di, tri, tetra etc, before the –ol

    ex methanol -in antifreeze, causes blindness

    ethanol -in alcoholic beverages

    -commonly called ethyl alcohol

    propan-2-ol -rubbing alcohol

    -commonly called isopropanol

    ethan-1,2-diol -commonly called ethylene glycol

    Examples: -main component of antifreeze

    OH

    CH3-OH CH3-CH-CH3
    HO-CH2-CH2-OH CH3-CH=CH-CHCH3

    OH

    Aromatic Alcohols …

    Properties of Alcohols:

     Because alcohols have an OH group, they can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules. This leads
    to:

     high boiling points than comparable alkanes

     greater solubility in water than comparable alkanes

     Polar OH group, and non-polar hydrocarbon chain

     Alcohols can be burned like hydrocarbons to produce water and carbon dioxide.

    Ethers

    - compounds that contain an oxygen attached to two carbons as the functional group

    R- O – R’

    - ethers are named as alkoxy derivatives of alkanes

    - the –O-R group is the alkoxy group that may have names such as methoxy (-O-CH3), ethoxy (- O-CH2CH3) etc.

    -the longer alkyl group is considered the parent chain, the shorter chain is the alkoxy group

    - used to be named using the word ether following the combination of the two alkyl groups
    CH3–O–CH2CH2CH3

    CH3CH2–O–CHCH3

    CH

    CH3CH2–O–CH2CH3

    O–CH3

    CH3CH2CH2CHCHCH3

    CH3

    Properties of Ethers:

    Like alkanes, ethers are very unreactive substances. Pure ethers cannot form hydrogen bonds and have lower boiling
    points than similar alcohols. Ethers are used as anaesthetics.

    Ethers are formed from the dehydration of alcohols, giving off water: Condensation Reaction

     Ethers have no OH group, so they cannot form hydrogen bonds. However, the C-O bond is still a polar bond,
    making ethers more polar than hydrocarbons.

    This leads to:

     slightly higher boiling points than hydrocarbons

     lower boiling points than alcohols

    Thiols

    -contain the sulfhydryl group

    R –SH

    -generally have a strong odour (ex. skunk, garlic, sewage, additive to natural gas)

    -name by adding ending ``thiol``

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