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    Perroleum Storage Tanks

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    z50101695

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Perroleum Storage Tanks

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    z50101695
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    2 views24 pages

    Perroleum Storage Tanks

    Uploaded by

    z50101695

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Petroleum Storage Tanks

    Prof. Dr. Eng.


    Abuzeid Ahmed Ali
    Storage Tanks in
    Petroleum Industry
    Storage Tanks
    ❖Storage was used to serve as a buffer
    between transportation and distribution,
    ❖Now, it is also used for commercial reasons;
    ❖storing when prices are low, and withdrawing
    and selling it when prices are high, for
    instance.
    ❖The purpose and use of storage has been
    closely linked to the regulatory environment
    of the time.
    ❖Also, world economics, and many industries
    are built depending on crude oil production
    and its products.
    Storage Tanks
    Above-Ground Storage Tanks (AST)
    Types of Storage Tanks
    • Based on The Shape
    1 Vertical Tanks
    2 Horozontal Tanks
    3 Spherical Tanks

    Based on the Roof


    1 Fixed Roof
    2 Floating Roof
    Introduction
    1. Vertical tanks
    •The vertical tanks are the widest applied in
    petroleum fields because it easier than other
    types in design, construction, and maintenance.
    •The vertical tanks mainly consist of bottom,
    vertical shell, and roof.
    •Because of its bottom, the shell and roof are
    nearly straight.
    •It can be classified according to its roof type
    as:
    - Fixed Roof Tanks
    - Floating Roof Tanks
    Introduction
    2. Horizontal tanks
    • Horizontal tanks are used to:
    - Store some light products which are produced in small quantities.
    - Store products in fuel service stations.
    • Advantages:
    - under or over ground thus, area over the tank can be used without
    any serious.
    - under ground is considered self insulation.
    Introduction
    2. Horizontal tanks
    • Disadvantages:
    - more corrosion problems.
    - difficult maintenance jobs.
    • Technical Assignments:
    1. It is fabricated from carbon steel plates as vertical tanks.
    2. It is designed on internal pressure at 0.35 kg/cm2 and tested by air at
    0.7 kg/cm2.
    3. It should be equipped with vacuum valves especially when it used
    with volatile liquids.
    4. It should be equipped with manhole open with diameter not less than
    45 cm.
    5. Tanks with small diameters and large lengths are better than large
    diameters and short lengths because it can reduce the suction head
    and the foundation is safer.
    Introduction
    3. Spherical and spheroidal tanks
    Introduction
    Storage of LNG
    • LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is natural gas which is liquefied by
    cooling to approx. minus 163 °C. LNG only takes up one sixth
    hundredth of its gaseous volume which offers great advantages for the
    transportation and storage of the gas.
    • It stored in spherical tanks which usually erected underground to
    minimize refrigeration cost.
    • A balance between pressure and temperature is considered. The larger
    is the pressure, the less will be the required refrigeration and hence the
    operation cost.
    •
    Introduction
    Fixed Roof Tanks
    • Fixed roof tanks are used for large storage capacity (more than 300000
    bbl).
    • The roof may be cone or dome.
    • It can be sorted depending on internal design
    pressure as follow:
    ✓ Atmospheric tanks: a storage tank designed at
    pressure from atmospheric to 2.5 psig.
    ✓ Low pressure tank: a storage tank to withstand
    an internal pressure between 2.5 and 5 psig.
    ✓ High pressure storage tank: a storage tank to
    withstand an internal pressure up to 250 psig.
    Introduction
    Fixed Roof Tanks
    • The following points should be considered:
    1- Shell Man-Holes are placed on the bottom ring with a diameter of 20-
    in. In large tanks (D>75 ft), two are placed oppositely.
    2- Roof Man-Holes are located above shell man-holes at about 6-8 ft
    from the circumference.
    3- Nozzles for piping connections consists of short pie with weld-neck or
    cast-steel flanges.
    4- A sump is used to drain water through the shell.
    5- Openings in the roof for measuring oil volume by gage pole or tape.
    6- Conservation vents may be used when storing low-flash products.
    7- Other instruments may include float gauges, high and low level
    alarms, ladders, etc.
    FIXED ROOF
    Water sprinkler
    Pressure
    Foam Man hole Vacuum Valve
    & Air

    Ladder

    Drain
    Valve
    Introduction
    Floating Roof Tanks
    • Floating roof on an oil-storage tank has two principal functions: to
    minimize evaporation loss, and to reduce fire hazard.
    • When volatile liquid is stored in a tank having a fixed roof some of it is
    lost by evaporation. This loss is made up of one or more of the
    following parts:
    1) The loss caused by the breathing which accompanies temperature
    changes.
    2) The loss resulting from the displacement of vapor by liquid when the
    tank is filled.
    3) The loss occurring when any part of the liquid reaches the boiling
    temperature.
    A- EXTERNAL FLOATING ROOF

    Top circular angle Wind Guarder Ladder


    FLOOR & COMPLETE
    ROOF PLATES
    PLATES
    WELDING
    SEQUENCE

    SKETCH
    ANNULAR
    PLATES
    PLATES
    SHELL PLATES
    WELDING
    SEQUENCE

    Final
    Course

    1st 2nd 3rd 4th


    Course Course Course Course
    SHELL PLATES
    WELDING SEQUENCE

    1 : 100

    COMPACTED SOIL
    TANK FLOOR
    SHELL PLATES
    WELDING SEQUENCE

    4th
    Course

    3rd
    Course

    2nd
    Course

    1st
    Course

    COMPACTED SOIL
    TANK FLOOR
    Access Ladder

    Tank
    Shell

    Seal

    Weight
    Selection of Storage Tank
    Selection
    • The choice between type of roof depends on:

    1- Evaporation losses.

    2- Fire risk.

    3- Contamination from the atmosphere.

    4- Maintenance cost resulting from corrosion.


    Screening Criteria For Tank Selection

    FLOATING PRESSURE VAPOR


    FIXED ROOF
    ROOF STORAGE RECOVERY

    VAPOR PRESSURE LESS


    X
    THAN 1.5 PSIA

    VAPOR PRESSURE FROM


    X
    1.5 PSIA TO 11.1 PSIA

    VAPOR PRESSURE >11.1


    X X
    PSIA

    Reference: ETP Environmental Protection Agency


    Screening
    STORAGE
    CriteriaBASED
    For Tank
    ON Selection
    (ETP)

    FLOATING PRESSURE
    FIXED ROOF
    ROOF STORAGE

    X
    CRUDE

    KEROSENE,
    JET FUEL X
    GASOLINE
    NAPHTHA

    DIESEL
    GAS OIL X
    FUEL OIL
    ASPHALT

    HYDROCARBON
    ABOVE X
    V.P 11.1 PSIA
    Tank Operation

    Design

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