Production and Technological Gaps

in
Middle Indo-Gangetic Plains

ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region

ICAR Parisar, P.O. : Bihar Veterinary College
Patna - 800 014 (Bihar)
Policy Document
Production and Technological Gaps
in Middle Indo-Gangetic Plains

Year : 2016

Published by:
The Director
ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region
ICAR Parisar, Patna- 800014, Bihar, India
Ph:+91-0612-2223962, FAX: +91-0612-2223956
E-mail: director@iari.res.in
Website : www.icarrcer.in

Printed at: The Composers Press, 2151/9A/2, New Patel Nagar, New Delhi-110 008.
Tel.: 011-25707869 (M) 9810771160. Email : thecomposerpress@gmail.com

ii
 Production and Technological Gaps in
Middle Indo-Gangetic Plains

Chairman
J.S. Sandhu
Deputy Director General (Crop Science) ICAR, New Delhi

Nodal Officer
B.P. Bhatt
Director, ICAR-RCER, Patna

Compiled and Edited by

J.S. Mishra
Head, Division of Crop Research, ICAR-RCER, Patna

Organized at

ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region

Patna 800 014 (Bihar)

iii
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Dr. Jeet Singh Sandhu
INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Deputy Director General KRISHI BHAWAN, DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD ROAD, NEW DELHI-110001
(Crop Sience)

19 .08.2016
FOREWORD
The Middle Indo-Gangetic Plains (MIGP) covering eastern Uttar Pradesh
and Bihar is characterized by rich natural resources but poor productivity and
low income. The region has favourable climate and an abundant supply of
water, however, frequent occurrence of flood; water logging and even drought
or drought like situation adversely affects the agricultural productivity and
livelihood security. The small and scattered land holdings, less ground water
utilization, poor mechanization, unavailability of quality seeds and planting
material, imbalance use of fertilizer, deterioration of soil health, problem of
heavy metals like arsenic in water, lack of stress-tolerant crop varieties, crop
damage by wild animals, poor extension mechanism and marketing of the
agricultural products are some of the major bottlenecks to improve upon the
productivity and thereby profitability of the farmers. Nevertheless, the region
has great potential for crop production, besides livestock and fishery develop-
ment.
In order to critically analyze the production and technological gaps in the
country, agro-climatic region wise workshops have been organized by ICAR
in reference to the PMO ID No. 100/29/C/1/2015-ES.2 dated 11-08-2015. For
identifying the production and technological gaps in MIGP, covering the states
of Bihar and Eastern UP, the Workshop was organized at the ICAR-Research
Complex for Eastern Region, Patna on 7th October, 2015 wherein 80 participents
provided their inputs.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Gopalji Trivedi, Ex-
Vice Chancellor, RAU, Pusa, Directors of various ICAR institutes, SAUs, of-
ficers from CG Centres, KVKs, NGOs, State Government officials and farmers
of the region for their participation and deliberations. Dr. B.P. Bhatt, Director,
ICAR-RCER, Patna and his team deserves special thanks for successfully orga-
nizing the workshop and bringing out this document for agricultural develop-
ment in the Middle Indo-Gangetic Plains.

(J.S. Sandhu)

Ph.: (Off.) 23382545 Fax : 23097003 E-mail : ddgcs.icar@nic.in

Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in India mainly comprises of five
states viz., Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. As
per the Planning Commission’s agro-climatic zones, the IGP in India is
divided into four major sub regions (Fig 1.)

• Trans-Gangetic Plains (TGP): Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh and

Delhi in the northwestern plains.
• Upper-Gangetic Plains (UGP): Western and Central Uttar
Pradesh
• Middle-Gangetic Plains (MGP): Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
• Lower-Gangetic Plains (LGP): West Bengal

Fig. 1. Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in India

1
The Middle IGP at a Glance
The Middle IGP (Eastern UP and Bihar) has a total geographical
area of 18.07 m ha and population of 183.54 million (2011 census) with
a population density of 1075 persons/km2. The region is generally char-
acterized by fertile soils, favourable climate and an abundant supply
of water. Soils of the Middle IGP are deep (150.75 cm), silt loam (sand
31.05%, silt 41.46%, clay 27.93%) and low in organic carbon content
(0.26%).The average annual rainfall is 1193 mm with rainy season from
June to September. Marginal farmers accounts for 88% in the region
as against 67% of the national average (Table 1). The operational land
holding size in the region is very small and fragmented. The size de-
creased from 0.58 ha in 2000-01 to 0.39 ha in 2010-11 in Bihar and 0.65
ha to 0.60 ha in eastern UP due to increase in number of land holders
(Table 2). The region has the maximum human population (39.3%) liv-
ing below poverty line as against 30.3% in LGP, 27.7% in UGP and only
8.3% in TGP. Fragmentation of land is a major constraint in Middle IGP.
Hence, Land Ceiling Act must be reviewed to allow migration within
the categories below middle level for viable agriculture. Marginal and
small farmers in these regions can be encouraged to grow vegetables
for absorbing them in employment generation. Utilization of water re-
source remains poor as indicated by the poor water use efficiency (40-
60%) observed across all major and medium irrigation projects.

Table 1. Operational holdings (%) by major size group

States Marginal Small Semi-medium Medium Large

< 1 ha 1-2 ha 2-4 ha 4-10 ha > 10 ha

Bihar 91.06 5.86 2.56 0.50 0.02

Eastern UP* 84.95 10.14 3.92 0.91 0.07

Eastern Region 81.24 11.92 5.26 1.43 0.15

India 67.04 17.93 10.05 4.25 0.73

Table 2. Number (m nos.) and area (ha) of operational land holdings

States 2000-01 2010-11
Nos. Holding Size (ha) Nos. Holding Size (ha)
Bihar 11.57 0.58 16.19 0.39
Eastern UP* 9.50 0.65 10.03 0.60
India 119.93 1.35 120.43 1.18

2
 The major crops grown are rice, wheat, maize, chickpea, lentil,
mustard, potato, sugarcane and vegetables. But the productivity of ma-
jor crops of the region is lower than that of the national average (Tables
4-8), suggesting scope for technological interventions and dissemina-
tions in the region. The productivity of vegetables and fruit crops in the
region is however, higher than the national average (Tables 9&10), indi-
cating the great potential of these crops in the region. The major areas
of the region are occupied by rice-wheat cropping system. The fertilizer
consumption in middle IGP is very high and it varies from 148.86 kg/
ha in eastern UP to 164.87 kg/ha in Bihar as against the national aver-
age of 125.39 kg NPK/ha (Table 11). But the proportion of nitrogenous
fertilizer (urea) use is very high as compared to phosphorus and pot-
ash, leading to imbalance nutrient use and deficiency of micro-nutrients
in soil-plant system. The net annual ground water availability in the
region is 52.33 BCM and the annual ground water draft is 29.63 BCM
(Table 12). The food grain productivity of MIGP (2.16 t/ha) is slightly
higher than that of national average (2.10 t/ha) (Table 13).

Table 3. Districts under Food Security Mission

States Total no. of Rice Wheat Pulses
districts

Bihar 38 15 10 38

Eastern U.P. 27 13 22 27

Eastern region 190 78 32 173

All India 671 199 119 557

Table 4. Area, production and productivity of rice

Region Area (m ha) Production Productivity
(m tonnes) (t/ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains 7.77 20.09 2.44

Middle Gangetic Plains 6.55 13.40 2.03

Eastern Plateau & Hills 9.20 17.04 1.94

India 43.95 106.54 2.42

3
Table 5. Area, production and productivity of wheat
Region Area (m ha) Production Productivity
(m tonnes) (t/ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains 0.38 0.98 1.81

Middle Gangetic Plains 5.91 15.03 2.52

Eastern Plateau & Hills 0.27 0.49 1.65

India 31.19 95.91 3.08

Table 6. Area, production and productivity of maize

Region Area (m ha) Production Productivity
(m tonnes) (t/ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains 0.15 0.60 3.63

Middle Gangetic Plains 1.01 2.39 2.06

Eastern Plateau & Hills 0.48 1.03 2.29

India 9.43 24.35 2.58

Table 7. Area, production and productivity of pulses

Region Area (m ha) Production Productivity
(m tonnes) (t/ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains 0.40 0.33 0.76

Middle Gangetic Plains 1.12 1.09 0.97

Eastern Plateau & Hills 2.17 1.46 0.71

India 25.23 19.27 0.76

Table 8. Area, production and productivity of oilseeds

Region Area (m ha) Production Productivity
(m tonnes) (t/ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains 1.07 1.09 0.88

Middle Gangetic Plains 0.26 0.24 0.95

Eastern Plateau & Hills 0.79 0.54 0.70

India 28.53 32.88 1.15

4
Table 9. Area, production and productivity of vegetables
Region Area Production Productivity
(m ha) (m tonnes) (t/ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains 1.66 26.07 13.74

Middle Gangetic Plains 1.13 21.96 20.11

Eastern Plateau & Hills 1.39 19.14 13.66

India 9.40 162.90 17.34

Table 10. Area, production and productivity of fruits

Region Area Production Productivity
(m ha) (m tonnes) (t/ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains 0.37 4.92 13.45

Middle Gangetic Plains 0.44 6.56 15.73

Eastern Plateau & Hills 0.63 4.97 8.38

India 7.22 88.98 12.33

Table 11. Fertilizer consumption (kg/ha)

State N P2O5 K 2O Total NPK

Bihar 124.88 27.44 12.55 164.87

Eastern UP* 115.18 29.63 4.06 148.86

Eastern Region (Average) 77.46 25.23 12.50 113.02

All India 85.79 28.85 10.75 125.39

Table 12. Ground water utilization (BCM)

States Annual Net annual Annual Stage of GW
Replenishable GW GW draft GW availability
GW availability develop- for future
ment (%) irrigation

Bihar 29.34 26.86 11.95 44 14.10

Eastern UP 27.29 25.47 17.68 69 7.58

Eastern Region 150.91 138.78 54.45 39 81.97

India 432.72 398.16 245.05 62 154.71

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Table 13. Area, production and productivity of food grains
Region Area (m ha) Production Productivity
(m tonnes) (t/ha)

Lower Gangetic Plains 8.77 21.99 2.34

Middle Gangetic Plains 14.75 31.67 2.16

Eastern Plateau & Hills 12.34 20.1 1.67

India 126.04 264.77 2.10

The average water productivity is 0.54 kg/m3. The electricity con-

sumption in the agriculture sector in the region is also very low (5.63%
in Bihar and 20.48% in eastern UP) as against 30-34% in Trans Gangetic
Plains (Punjab and Haryana) (Fig. 2). The seed replacement rate, espe-
cially in pulses is low (Fig. 3 & 4). The per capita income in the MIGP is
very low (Rs. 16083 in Bihar and Rs. 19512 in eastern UP) as compared
to the national average (Rs. 39904) (Fig. 5).

Nevertheless, the challenge of increasing food production in the

region in line with demand grows ever greater; any perturbation in
agriculture will considerably affect the food systems of the region and
increase the vulnerability of the resource-poor population. Increasing
regional production is already complicated by increasing competition
for land resources by non-agricultural sectors and by the deterioration
of agri-environments and water resources.

Fig. 2. Electricity consumption in agriculture sector (%)

6
 Rice Wheat Maize (Hybrid)
100
100

75
56.58
Rate (%)

50 40.85 40.42
38.0234.80
31.61 30.48 32.55
25

0
Bihar Eastern UP All India

Fig 3. Seed replacement rate in major crops

Arhar Gram Moong

32 30.29

25.49
24 22.16
20.24 20.80
19.35
Rate (%)

15.76 16.59
16
11.27

0
Bihar Eastern UP All India

Fig 4. Seed replacement rate in important pulses

39904
40000

32000
26047
24000
Rupees

19512
16083
16000

8000

0
Bihar Eastern UP Eastern All India
Region

Fig 5. Per capita income in the region

7
Policy Workshop for MIGP
One-day workshop was organized under the Chairmanship of J.
S. Sandhu, DDG (Crop Science) for identifying the production and
technological gaps in middle IGP regions. The meeting was attended
by large number of participants from various ICAR institutes, SAUs,
KVKs, NGOs, Policy makers, State Government officials and farmers
of the region. At the outset Director, ICAR-RCER, Patna welcomed the
participants of the Workshop. The Chairman briefed participants the
very purpose of organizing this workshop. He urged the participants
to flag the technological, educational, marketing and policy gaps of the
region so that a road map could be prepared to bridge these identified
gaps. Dr. Bhatt Director ICAR-RCER, Patna gave a detailed presentation
on the present status of agriculture in middle Gangetic plains and set
the stage for further discussion.

Farmers of different districts of middle IGP raised number of prob-

lems related to production, processing, marketing and value addition
of their produce (food grains, vegetables, milk, poultry, fish, animals,
mushroom, etc). Some of the common major problems were:

• Processing, packaging, storage and marketing of agricultural

products (Mushroom, Bee keeping, food grains, fish etc.)
• Non-availability of agricultural inputs in time (quality seed, fer-
tilizers, irrigation, herbicides etc.)
• Fragmented agricultural land holding.
• Less availability of electricity for agricultural operation.
• Non-availability of stress tolerant (drought, submergence and
salinity) crop varieties.
• Farm mechanization (paddy transplanter, zero tillage, harvester
etc.)
• Mastitis and sterility problem in cattle.
• Non-availability of agricultural credit.
• Less market value and late payment of farmers produces.
• Crop damage by blue bulls.
Scientists from KVKs desired that the KVKs should be more
strengthened in terms of scientific staff, finance and new technologies,

8
so that they could cater the need of farmers more effectively. The major
common issues with KVKs were:

• Improvement in package of practices in respect of changing cli-

mate scenario.
• Timely availability of water, electricity, quality seeds and fertil-
izers.
• Short and medium duration drought tolerant rice varieties.
• Establishment of mini seed processing units/mobile processing
units.
• Training of KVKs staffs and farmers.
• Farm equipments/implements for small and marginal land
holdings
• Management of post-harvest losses.
• Lack of marketing intelligence among farmers.
• Arsenic contamination in irrigated water and crops.
• Need for crop diversification.
Directors of various ICAR institutes, scientists from SAUs and
CGIAR institutions (CIMMYT, BISA), and planners and policy makers
of the middle IGP also expressed their views. It was agreed that num-
ber of viable agricultural technologies are available, but their effective
implantation in the region is the major issue. Zero-tillage is gaining
popularity among farmers in IGP and state governments are providing
subsidy on purchase of zero-till seed drills. Availability of quality seed
of pulses is a major issue. In fishery sector, there is a need of network-
ing between state government-fish farmers-hatchery owners. Other is-
sues discussed were: requirement of training on maize seed production
and ethanol production, custom hiring of farm implements and promo-
tion of entrepreneurship, need of light weight paddy transplanter for
wet soil condition, development of soil fertility maps, crop diversifica-
tion with inclusion of pulses and millets, short duration rice cultivars
and long duration wheat cultivars for rice-wheat system, development
of district wise technologies inventories and modules, agri-clinic, soil
testing labs, water saving technologies and small farm mechanization.
On educational front, it was agreed that there is a need for up grada-
tion of agricultural colleges, universities and KVKs for quality outputs
rather than increasing their numbers.

9
Recommendations/actionable Points
• There is a need to ensure timely availability of assured quality
agricultural inputs (seed, fertilizers and pesticides) and to de-
velop marketing intelligence system and procurement of farm-
ers produce on MSP. (Action: State Deptt. of Agriculture of
Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, SAUs and ICAR institutes of the
region).
• Since, 75% farmers of the region are small and marginal, small
farm mechanization implements, like power tiller, weeder, small
scale planters, mechanical transplanter for rice, seed drills, maize
sheller, wheel hoe, sprayers, reaper etc. should be made avail-
able preferably through custom hiring and agri- service centers
at subsidized rates. (Action: ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal/ State Deptt.
of Agriculture).
• Availability of quality water for drinking (for human and ani-
mals) due to increasing problems of heavy metals like arsenic
in some parts of the region is a major concern. For the storage
of excess water during rainy season, de-silting of old water stor-
age structures, water harvesting, reducing conveyance losses
through lining of channels and promoting micro-irrigation sys-
tems is required to increase the water-use efficiency (Action:
ICAR Institutes/SAUs/State Deptt. of Agriculture).
• Alternate sources of energy, particularly solar energy, should
be harnessed for agriculture, agro-processing and rural living
since the region is blessed with 250-300 bright sunshine days/
year. There is a need to promote solar pumps for irrigation
as availability of electricity is a major problem in the region.
Subsidy should be given on purchase of solar energy-based ma-
chineries. (Action: State Deptt. of Agriculture/GOI).
• Deterioration of soil health (depletion of soil organic carbon) in
the IGP is a major concern. Soil organic carbon need to be im-
proved through conservation agriculture (zero-tillage), stopping
residue burning, crop diversification with inclusion of legumes
in the cropping system. Development of soil fertility maps at
micro level is needed. (Action: ICAR Institutes/SAUs/State
Deptt. of Agriculture).
• Sizeable area in middle IGP is under low land ecology. There
is a need to diversify the aquatic crops like makhana, chestnut,

10
 etc. with fish, water lily, sweet fleg and kewra. More research
and demonstration is needed on this aspect (Action: ICAR In-
stitutes/SAUs/KVKs).
• Non availability of quality seeds of pulses at appropriate time
to the farmers is the major cause of lower productivity. The
KVKs should also take seed production of new varieties at
small scale level. For seed processing, mobile processing plants
need to make available to KVKs. Hybrid seed production sys-
tem, particularly in rice and maize, need to be developed and
popularized on large scale. (Action: NSC/ICAR Institutes/
SAUs/KVKs/State Deptt. of Agriculture).
• Damage of crops by wild animals like blue bulls, wild boars,
deers, monkeys, etc. is also a major problem with farmers. Ap-
propriate policy steps need to be taken by the Government to
stop such losses. (Action: GOI/State Govts/Forest Deptt.).
The workshop ended with the vote of thanks proposed by the Dr.
J. S. Mishra, Head, Division of Crop research, ICAR-RCER, Patna and
convener of the workshop.

11
 Photo Gallery

Chairman’s opening remarks during inaugural session

Women farmer expressing her views Progressive farmer, Shri K.N. Sharma,
during the session expressing his views

Participants of the worksop

12
 List of Participants
S.N. Name and Designation Address

1. Dr. JS Sandhu, DDG (Crop Science) ICAR New Delhi

2 Dr. Gopalji Trivedi, Ex-Vice Chancellor Ex-Vice Chancellor, RAU, Pusa
3 Dr. Rajendra Kumar, DG, UPCAR DG, UPCAR, Lucknow
4 Dr. B.P. Bhatt, Director ICAR-RCER, Patna
5 Dr. A.K. Singh, Director ATARI, Kolkata
6 Dr. O.P. Yadav, Director ICAR-IIMR, New Delhi
7 Dr. S. Rajendra Prasad, Director ICAR-DSR, Mau (UP)
8 Sri Gyan Singh, Addl. Dir. Agri. U.P. Govt. Lucknow
9 Dr. D.P. Tripathi, Director, PPM Dept. of Agri. Govt. of Bihar,
Patna
10 Dr. Virendra Singh, Director Directorate of Rice Development,
Govt. of India, Patna
11. Dr. R. K. Malik, Sr. Agronomist CIMMYT, Patna
12 Dr. M.K. Gathala CIMMYT, Bangladesh
13 Dr. C.R. Mehta, PC, AICRP on FIM ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal
14 Sri A.K. Roy, PC, AICRP on Forage ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi
15 Dr. A.D. Pathak, Head, Crop Improve- ICAR-IISR, Lucknow
ment
16 Dr. Manoj Kumar, Head ICAR-CPRS, Patna
17 Dr. A.K.P. Singh, Dean RAU, Pusa
18 Dr. C.S. Praharaj, Pr. Scientist (Agron- ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur
omy)
19 Dr. Raj Kumar Jat, Agronomist BISA, Pusa, Samastipur
20 Dr. S.C. Rai COF, Dholi
21 Dr. U.K. Bandhyopadhyay ICAR-IVRI, ERS, Kolkata
22 Sri R.B. Chaudhary Agriculture Dept.
Dy. Director Agriculture

23 Dr. S.K. Singh, Pr. Scientist ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi

24. Dr. Pawan Kr. Sharma,Pr. Scientist ICAR NBAIM, Mau

25 Dr. N.P. Mandal, Pr. Scientist CRURRS (NRRA), PB-48, Haz-

aribag
26 Dr. V. K. Singh, Head KVK, Gharipur
27 Dr. M.Z. Hoda, SMS KVK, Bhagalpur

13
S.N. Name and Designation Address

28 Dr. Sunita Kushwaha, SMS KVK, Banka

29 Dr. S.N. Singh, Senior Scientist & Head KVK Begusarai
30 Dr. B. Shahi, Nodal Officer (KVKs) RAU, Pusa, Samastipur
31 Dr. Sudhir Kr. Singh, KVK, Jammui
Prog. Coordinator
32 Sri Durga Singh, Progressive Farmer Piprakothi, East Champaran
33 Sri Ajay Kumar Deo, Chairman, ATMA Chakiya, East Champaran
34 Shee Ram Singh, Professor (Agil. Extn.) Institute of Agril. Sciences, BHU,
Varanasi
35 Dr. S.K. Singh, Head KVK, Tisuhi, Sonbhadra
36 Dr. Samir Kr. Pandey KVK, Chandauli
SMS (Crop Production)
37 Dr. Ravi Kant, Jr. Scientist DSF, TCA, Dholi Campus
38 Dr. Ratnesh Kumar Jha KVK, Saran
Programme Coordinator
39 Dr. Nityanand, Programme Coordina- KVK, Aurangabad
tor
40 Dr. B. K. Singh, Scientist KVK, Nalanda
41 Dr. Sanjeev Kumar, Programme KVK, Nalanda
Coordinator
42 Dr. Pravin Kr. Dwivedi, Head KVK, SCADA, Bhojpur (Ara)
43 Dr. K.K. Jha, Head KVK, Piparakothi,
East Champaran
44 Dr. Ajay Kumar, Chief Scientist (Rice) A.R.I., (BAU, Sobaur)
45 Dr. Ramjeet, Programme Coordinator KVK, Sohaon, Ballia
46 Sri Harigovind, SMS KVK, Buxar
47 Dr. R. C. Verma, I/c PC KVK, Buxar
48 Dr. Deo Karan,SMS KVK, Buxar
49 Dr. Mandhata Singh,SMS KVK, Buxar
50 Sri Ramkewal , SMS KVK, Buxar
51 Dr. S.P. Poonia CSISA-CIMMYT, Patna
52 Sri Amresh Kr. Singh, Farmer Mahdah, Buxar
53 Sri Manoj Kumar Singh, Farmer Rasen, Rajpur, Buxar
54 Sri Gauri Shankar Singh, Farmer Vill- Itaunha, Gigana, Buxar
55 Sri Sanjay Kumar, Farmer Chandi, Nalanda

14
S.N. Name and Designation Address

56 Mss. Anita Kumari, Farmer Chandi, Nalanda

57 Sri Kamakhya Narayan Sharma, Simara, Phulwari Sharif , Patna
Farmer
58 Sri Madhurendra Kumar Arya, Farmer Badipru, Naubatpur Patna
59 Smt. Lalmuni Devi, Farmer Azadnagar, Naubatpur
60 Sri Vijay Narayan , Farmer Goplapur, Naubatpur
61 Dr. A. K. Singh, Head ICAR-RCER, RC, Ranchi
62 Dr. A. Dey, Head ICAR-RCER, Patna
63 Dr. Rajvir, Sharma, Head ICAR-RCER, RC Darbhanga
64 Dr.J.S. Mishra, Head, DCR ICAR-RCER, Patna
65 Dr. Abhay Kumar, Head ICAR-RCER, Patna
66 Dr. Ujjwal Kumar, Pr. Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
67 Dr. M. Idris, Pr. Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
68 Dr. Sanjeev Kumar, Pr. Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
69 Dr. Shivani, Pr. Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
70 Dr. Kamal Sharma, Pr. Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
71 Dr. Bikash Sarkar, Sr. Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
72 DR. N. Bhakta, Sr. Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
73 Dr. U.R. Sangle, Sr. Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
74 Dr. Santosh Kumar, Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
75 Dr. Sharad Kr. Dwivedi, Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
76 Dr. Reena Kumari Kamal, Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna
77 Mr. Ved Prakash, Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna

78 Ms. Snatashree Mohanti ICAR-RCER, Patna

79 Ms. T. L. Bhutia, Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna

80 Mr. K. Koteswara Rao, Scientist ICAR-RCER, Patna

15