National Kharif Conference on Agriculture 2012

Water management
&

Dry land farming

5 - 6 Mar., 2012

Maharashtra

Extent of dry land /rainfed areas under different

rainfall zones

Region

Average monsoon rainfall (mm)

Rainy days (No.)

50% rainfall receiving hours

Konkan

2700

84

40

Western MS Marathwada Vidarbha

770 650 950

40 37 45

16 16 18

Out of 12 months only 4 rainy months in a year In 4 rainy months only 40 rainy days In 40 rainy days only 96 rainy hours i.e. in 96 rainy hours means

approximately 4 days in an year

Coverage
Districts Tahasils 25 148

Area
% to state

159 Lac Ha.

52 %

Divison

Geographic DPAP al area % Area (Lakh ha) (Lakh ha)

Rest of MS
Konkan Western MS

145.91
29.79 116.13

85.19
0 85.19

58
0 73

Marathwad a Vidarbha State

64.43

32.14

50

97.23 41.91 Dept) 43 (Source Planning 307.58 159.23 52

 Arid Zone - 1. 29 lakh ha. ( 0.40 % to total area in India 317.09 lakh ha)

Semi Arid Zone 189.58 lakh ha.

( 19 % to total area in India 956.75 lakh ha) first in India
6

Rainfed Area- 82%

Drought Prone Area- 52% Degraded Soils- 42% Rainfall Pattern Characterized by 2-3 dry spells & high intensity rain Areas of low rainfall ( below 750 mm) constitute more than 52 % of total geographical area .

About 25 districts in State fall in the category of low

rainfall area. Even after providing all the irrigation potential in State

70 % area remains as rainfed.

a) Climatic constraints
i. Variable rainfall
Annual rainfall varies greatly, More than

one third of total geographical area in State receive rainfall less than 750 mm ii. Intensity and distribution - In general, more than 50 per cent of total rainfall is usually received in 3 to 5 rainy days iii. Variations in monsoon behavior - Late onset of monsoon, Early withdrawal of monsoon, Prolonged dry spells

b) Soil Constraints

i. Inadequate soil moisture availability ii. Poor organic matter content iii. Poor soil fertility iv. Soil deterioration due to erosion

c. Cultivation practices
i. Ploughing along the slope ii. Application FYM in limited quantity iii. Heavy weed infestation iv. Lack of suitable varieties

d. Socio-economic constraints
i. Less access to inputs

ii. Non availability of credit in time

iii. The risk bearing capacity of dry land farmer is very low
9

SOIL FERTILITY STATUS

OF

MAHARASHTRA STATE
( 1981 to 2010 )

Maharashtra State
Year 1981-85 1985-90 1990-95 1995-2000 2000-05 2005-10

Fertility status
N P K 2.59 2.74 2.70 2.62 2.43 2.60 1.51 1.07 1.43 1.03 1.33 0.95 1.25 0.91 1.37 1.09 1.62 1.18

Fertility Level
N M M M L M M P L L L L L L K H H H H H H

Fertility status of major nutrients was declining up to 1995-2000. By adopting remedial measures, now it is increased & crossed fertility status of 1981-85.

Fertility of Major Nutrients from soils of Maharashtra State 2005-10

3.00

2.63

FERTILITY INDEX

2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 N P Fertility Index K 1.51 1.12

Available N is on the basis of percent Organic Carbon Content. Status - Available N is Moderate, Available Phosphorus is Low Available Potash is High in the soils of Maharashtra.

50.00

PERCENT SAMPLE

45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00

Percent Intensity of Deficiency for Micro Nutrient from soils in Maharashtra State 2005-10 43.97
32.68

5.00
0.00

2.59 Cu Fe

4.09 Mn Zn

NUTRIENT There is no percent Intensity of deficiency for Copper & Manganese Micro Nutrient .

Extent of land degraded and other problem areas

SOIL LOSS

CLASS
Very Slight

t/ha/year
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-40 40-80 > 80
15

Slight
Moderate

Major Dams

Moderately Severe Severe Very Severe Extremely Severe

Kinds of Degradation
Water Erosion (Wt.) Chemical deterioration ( loss of nutrient) Chemical Deterioration ( salinity & alkalinity) TOTAL AREA Miscellaneous Land Type

Degree of degradation Slight Moderate Strong Extreme

Total
%

1.50 --

20.3 --

14.6 0.6

1.6 0.4

38.0 1.0

--

2.9

--

0.5

3.4

1.50 --

23.2 --

15.2 --

2.5 --

42.5 0.9

42.5 % area is suffering from different degree of soil degradation

Gully formation Severe Erosion- 105 Lac Ha. Soil loss : 373 Million ton/Yr * Nutrient Loss- 65%
17

Status of ground water development & critical areas

Category
Over Exploited Critical

Legen d

Area
lakh. Ha. 15.30 4.21

% to State
4.98 1.37

Semi-Critical

30.57
50.08 257.12 307.58

9.95
16.30 83.70 100

Total
Safe

Total State

Stage of Ground Water Development & Categorization

Sr. No. Stage of GW Development Category No.of watersheds 2004-05 1 < 70 % Safe 1242 2007- 08 1331

2
3

>70 % to < 90 %
>90 % to < 100 %

Semi Critical
Critical

163
20

127
3

4
5

>100 %

Over Exploited
Unclassified

76
4

66
4

Cropping Pattern

Region

Normal Area
(Lakh ha.)

%
Kharif 94 85 46 Rabi 6 15 54

Kharif Konkan Khandesh W. Maharashtra Marathwada Vidarbha Total 5.09 20.50 21.31 42.07 49.73 138.70

Rabi 0.33 3.59 25.36 21.02 8.31 58.61

67
86 70

33
14 30

Source - Chief Statistician, Commissionerate of Agril, Pune-1,2009-10

Last 15 Year
25.00

Rice
20.00

. Jowar

Bajara

Maize

15.00

0.00 - 11.41 - 9.56 +5.61

10.00

5.00

0.00

Source - Chief Statistician, Commissionerate of Agril, Pune-1,2009-10

Last 15 Year

Tur
14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00

Mung

Udid
+2.64

- 0.79 - 0.57

0.00

Source - Chief Statistician, Commissionerate of Agril, Pune-1,2009-10

Last 15 Year

35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00

Groundnut.

Sunflower.

Soyabean.
+24.15 +20.44

- 1.83 - 1.60

Source - Chief Statistician, Commissionerate of Agril, Pune-1,2009-10

Last 15 Year

45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 +4.97

Cotton

Sugarcane

+ 8.04

Source - Chief Statistician, Commissionerate of Agril, Pune-1,2009-10

Last 15 Year

40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00

. Jowar

Wheat

Maize

- 8.01 +5.06

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00

1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Source - Chief Statistician, Commissionerate of Agril, Pune-1,2009-10

+0.86

Last 15 Year
120.00 100.00 80.00

Cereals

Pulses

Oil seeds
- 18.09

60.00
40.00 20.00 0.00

+7.07 +9.17

Source - Chief Statistician, Commissionerate of Agril, Pune-1,2009-10

Maharashtra State
Hort. Crops 7% Gram 5% Wheat 5%

Other Crops 5%

Average (03-04 to 07-08)

Kh Rice 7%

Kh Jowar 7% Kh Bajra 7% Kh Maize 2%

Rabi Jowar 15%

Tur 5% Mung 3% Udid 3%

Cotton 14%

Soybean 11%
Sugarcane 3%

Kh Gr.Nut 2%

Source - Chief Statistician, Commissionerate of Agril, Pune-1,2009-10

State Cropping intensity : 128.88 %

Legend Category Above State Average Below State Average Districts

10 23

Source: Economic survey of Maharashtra , 2009-10

District wise irrigation

source and coverage

(Reference year : 2008-09)

98 85

National Average : 45.3%

58 61

76

56 46 32 17 19 49

33

35

35

(Source: Economic survey of Maharashtra , 2010-11)

Maharashtra: Water Statistics

Major & Medium Projects : 2488

Minor Projects
Total Potential created Potential Utilised Area under surface irrig. Net expd. Incurred

: 1469
: 39.57 lakh Ha : 24.42 lakh Ha : 11.47 lakh : Rs. 73652 crore

Total GW Recharge
GW Draft GW area irrig.

: 3.09 lakh Ham

: 1.33 lakh Ham : 25.46 Ha

State Irrigation % : 17.80 %

Legend Category
Above State Average Below State Average

Districts

13 20

Source :- Director GSDA, Maharashtra ( 2007-08)

Indigenous and useful crops/plant varieties and practices being adopted by farmers
Cultural

Putting of stones, stubbles as a surface mulch for moisture

conservation. Mixed sowing of different crops for minimizing risk.

Dry seeding at the time of late onset of monsoon.

Use of seed cum fertilizer drill for sowing of seed and fertilizer at a time.

Sowing of Rajgira seed for control of harali (Cynalon

dactylon) and lavahala weed (Cyprus rotundas). Application of irrigation to onion crops at the time of frost

occurance

Indigenous and useful crops/plant varieties and practices being adopted by farmers
IPM Sowing of sorghum seeds in safflower, pigeonpea and chickpea crops for attracting the birds for biological control of insects. Use of neem leaves in stored grain for control of grain pest. Use of dummy man or woman for bird watching in field crops. Spraying jaggery solution at the time of flowering for control of pod borer. Animal Husbandry Use of ridge gourd leaves juice for healing wounds of the animals. Use of juice of Gulvel for sheep, goat and their kids for control of diarrhea.

1. Rain Water Harvestinga. b. Massive Farm Fond programme under RKVY & MREGS Construction of Check Dam under RKVY & other w/s prog

c.

Repair / Renovation of Bodies in Eastern Vidarbha under RKVY

& other programme.

2. Watershed Development Programme

a. IWMP ( GoI sponsored scheme)

b.
c. d. e.

NABARD-RIDF assisted Watershed development

Vidarbha watershed Mission, Marathwada watershed Mission, Accelerated Watershed Development Programme

f.

NWDPRA & RVP ( GoI sponsored scheme)

3. In-situ Moisture Conservation Practices

Award scheme to Villages for adoption of In-situ Moisture Conservation Practices
36

Division

No. of Farm ponds Completed Dist. 2007-08 to 2009-10 TOTAL

2008-09

to Jan2012

Nasik Pune Kolhapur Aurangaba d Latur Amravati Nagpur TOTAL

4 3 2 3 5 5 3 25

3605 601 0 6325 11213 12480 5168 39392

3695 6730 5270 3575 5329 4622 3041 32262

7300 7331 5270 9900 16542 17102 8209 71654

Region wise achievement

Vidarbha 35.33 % , Marathwada 36.90 % & Rest of Maharashtra 27.77 %

Provide protective irrigation for 86,000 ha. area. The ground water table is increased by approx. 0.5 to 1 m. Recharge of wells in the vicinity farm pond. Useful for crop production in Kharpan patta of Vidarbha region.

Greengram + Pigeonpea

Farm ponds constructed by Agril. Department Stored rain water used for protective irrigation during dry spell Enhanced crop and water productivity.

2009
Yield (q/ha) 25 20 WUE (kg/ha/mm) 4.00

23 2.3

3.6 22 15 2.2 1.6 10 13 23 2.9 2.0

3.50

15

2.50

15
10 5

2.0

2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00

11 1.6 0.8 5

13

RF

Pro. Irr.

RF

Pro. Irr. Soybean

RF

Pro. Irr.

RF

Pro. Irr. Cotton

RF

Pro. Irr.

Green gram

Pigeonpea

Cotton (Drip)

38

WUE(kg/ha/mm)

Yield (q/ha)

3.03.00

 12871 Pump sets are supplied to the beneficiaries

/group of beneficiaries from various schemes viz.

NFSM, SCP etc. 4174 Sprinkler sets are supplied from various schemes for protective irrigation.

39

Division Konkan Nasik Pune Kolhapur

Check Dam 1167 7580 4533 3931

Earthen Nala Bunds 3992 13411 54359 21504

Total 5159 20991 58892 25435

Aurangabad
Latur Vidarbha 19 % , Marathwada 28 % & Rest of Maharashtra 53 % Amravati Nagpur TOTAL

4571
10878 15082 11698 59440

16081
26835 9305 4748

20652
37713 24387 16446

150235 209675

Cement check dams provide protective irrigation for av. 3,86,000 ha. area. The ground water table is increased by approx. 1.5 to 2.5 m. Recharge of wells in the vicinity due to check dam & Earthen nala bunds . Useful for rainfed area.

40

Division Bhandara Gondiya

Bodi constructed since 1992 982 1733

Chandrapur
Gadchiroli TOTAL
Mauja- Chandi Block - Pavani Dist. Bhandara

1361
3609 7685

Provide protective irrigation for av. 11,527 ha. area. Useful for rainfed area.
41

Very high priority has been accorded to the holistic and sustainable development of rainfed areas based on the Watershed Approach. Soil & water Conservation , Productivity enhancement and livelihood activities. Centrality of community participation. Capacity building & technology inputs.

Rs. 4947 Cr. Sanction for Programme

Details No. of watershed Projects Area for treatment (Lakh ha.) Project Cost (Rs. Crores) No. of Villages to be befitted IWMP (2009-10 NABARD& 2011-12 RIDF WGDP RVP Total

828 35.39 4473.03

260 10.42 1315.68

29 1.36 180.00

37 1.45 173.00

1154 48.62 6141.71

8072

2622

200

10894
42

Other (18%) Cotton (7%)

Banana (19%) Grapes (16%)

Sugarcane (11%) Pomegranate (11%) Mango (3%) Area under Drip Area under Sprinkler Total MI Citrus (15%) : 6.95 Lakh ha. : 2.99 Lakh ha. : 9.94 Lakh ha.
Source Director of Agril,( Horti.) Pune-5 -2009-10

Area : Lac ha.

Region

Net Sown Area

Area Under fruit crops 10.08 3.96 6.12 3.96 3.79 17.83

% share in total plantation 57 22 34 22 21 100

% of Dist. plantation below to Net State Sown area

Av.

No. of

Rest of MS 79.16 Konkan 8.18 Western MS 70.98 Marathwada 45.27 Vidarbha 49.80 State Total 174.22
Highest : Sindhudurg (72%)

13 48 9 9 8 10

8 0 8 5 8 21

Lowest : Gondia (1.05%)

Source Director of Agril,( Horti.) Pune-5 -2009-10

Source Director of Agril,( Horti.) Pune-5 -2009-10

Area : Lac ha. Mandarin orange Division Cashew Sweet orange

Pomegranate

Sapota

Mango

Others

Rest of MS Konkan Western MS Marathwada Vidarbha

56
29 27 28 16

99
89 10 0 0

2
0 2 8 91

6
0 6 80 14

93
0 93 6 1

61
15 46 33 6

62
0 62 23 15

56
30 26 20 24

54
22 32 25 21

Area
% Area to Total

5.05
(34)

1.67
(11)

1.56
(10)

1.37
(9)

1.42
(9)

0.81 0.71 2.39 15.00

(5) (5) (16) (100)

Source Director of Agril,( Horti.) Pune-5 -2009-10

Total

Ber

EGS linked Horticulture Development Programme

Plantation since 1991 to Nov. 2011 No. of Beneficiaries : 15.72 lakh ha. : 20.88 lakh

Expenditure
Man days created Villages covered Productive area Total production

: 1723 crores
: 75 crores : 40,412 : 9.80 lakh ha. : 108 lakh MT

Fruit Crops included under EGS

B er 4.68; (5% ) G auv a 2.08; (2% ) Aonla 1.78 (2% ) C us tard Apple 3.37; (3% ) othe r 3.93; (4% )

L ime 3.04; (3% ) P ome g ranate 10.41 (10% ) S we e t orang e 9.21 (9% ) O rang e 10.43 (10% )

Man g o 33.18 (34% )

EGS Total

C as he wnut 10.82 S apota (11% ) 5.40 (5% )

A rea in h a (lakh )

EGS Dry land

c oc onut 1.66; (2% )

Dry Lands Crops:Mango, Cashew nut, Ber, Custard apple, Anola, Tamarind, Jackfruit, Cokum, Jamun, Wood apple, Jojoba, Bambu, & Jatropha.

100 Crore plantation programme 2012-13 & 2013-14 Schemes IncludedNo. of plants (in Crores)
Scheme EGS linked Horticulture plantation NREGA - Horticulture plantation a) MGNREGA b) Plantation on bunds (Agro forestry) c) Plantation on Waste land Total Targetted plantation Proposed Target 2012-13 2013-14 1.69 2.54 1.00 1.51 2.00 6.20 1.50 2.27 3.00 9.30

The programme will bring approx. 5 lac ha. waste land area under plantation besides EGS Horticulture

Proposed crops for Plantation

* Dryland fruit crops
1. Mango 4. Custard apple 7. Wood apple 10. Jack fruit 2. Cashew 5. Anola 8. Jamun 3. Ber 6. Tamarind 9. Kokam

* Agroforestry Crops
1. Bamboo 4. Neem 2. Jatropha 5. Drum strick 3. Teak 6. Hadga

* Medicinal Plants
1. Arjun 5. Bael 2. Asan 6. Hirada 3. Ashoka 7. Tetoo 4. Bahera 8. Karanj

Policy and institutional reforms required

Cost effective Soil and water conservation measures Ensuring sufficient organic matter.

Holistic and integrated approach for watershed

development. Enhancing use of traditional knowledge and Technologies particularly for rainfed Agriculture Producer to consumer marketing chain to be developed Linking of the farmers with Industries particularly processing industries.

Thank You !