Chapter 6

Output

TE-102 Introduction to Computing

http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/UG/TE-/102
Chapter 6 Objectives
Summarize the characteristics of ink-jet printers,
photo printers, laser printers, thermal printers,
Describe the four categories of output
portable printers, label and postage printers,
and plotter and large-format printers

Describe characteristics of a CRT monitor and

Describe the methods used for wireless printing
factors that affect its quality

Explain the relationship between a video card

Describe the uses of speakers and headsets
and CRT monitor

Summarize the characteristics of flat panel Identify the output characteristics of fax machines
monitors, LCD screens, gas plasma displays, and fax modems, multifunction peripherals, data
and HDTV displays projectors, joysticks, and wheels

Differentiate between an impact printer Identify output options for physically

and a nonimpact printer challenged users

Next
 What is Output?
What is output?
 Data that has been processed into a useful form,
called information
 Output device is any hardware component that can convey
information to user

p. 6.06 Fig. 6-1 Next

 Display Devices
What is a display device?
 Output device that
visually conveys
information
 Information on display
device sometimes
called soft copy
 Monitor houses
display device as
separate peripheral

p. 6.04 Fig. 6-2 Next

 Display Devices
What is a CRT monitor?
 Contains cathode-ray
tube (CRT)
 Screen coated with tiny
dots of phosphor material
 Each dot consists of a red,
blue, and green phosphor
 Common sizes are 15, 17,
19, 21, and 22 inches
 Viewable size is diagonal
measurement of actual
viewing area

p. 6.04 Fig. 6-3 Next

 Display Devices
What is the ENERGY STAR® program?
 Encourages manufacturers to create energy-efficient
devices that require little power when not in use
 Monitors and devices meeting guidelines display
ENERGY STAR label

p. 6.05 Fig. 6-4 Next

Display Devices
Quality measures of a CRT Monitor

• Resolution
• Dot pitch
• Refresh Rate
 Display Devices

What is resolution?
 Sharpness and clarity of image
 Higher resolution makes image sharper,
displays more text on screen, makes some elements smaller
 Larger monitors look best at a higher resolution,
and smaller monitors look best at a lower resolution

p. 6.06 Fig. 6-5 Next

Display Devices
Display Devices

What is Dot Pitch?

 The distance in millimeters between each like-colored pixel

on a display
 How close together the pixels are that make up an image
 The smaller the distance between the pixels, the sharper the
image
 To minimize eye fatigue, use a monitor with a dot pitch of
.27 millimeters or lower
Display Devices

What is Refresh Rate?

 Refresh rate is speed at which monitor redraws

images on screen
 CRT monitor’s refresh rate should be fast enough to
maintain a constant, flicker-free image
 Slower refresh rate causes the image to fade and flicker as
it is redrawn – cause eye fatigue and headaches
 Refresh rate is expressed in hertz (Hz)
ex) 75 Hz : the image on the screen redraws itself 75 times
in a second
 Display Devices
How does video travel from the processor to a CRT monitor?
 Video card (also called a graphics card) converts digital
output from computer into analog video signal
Step 5. Electron guns
Step 1. The fire the three color signals
processor sends Step 3. The to the front of the CRT.
digital video data analog signal is
to the video card. sent through a
cable to the CRT Step 4. The
monitor. CRT monitor
separates the
analog signal
into red, green,
and blue signals.

Step 6. An image is
displayed on the screen when
the electrons hit phosphor
Step 2. The video card’s dots on the back of the screen.
digital-to-analog converter
(DAC) converts the digital
p. 6.07 Fig. 6-6 video data to an analog signal. Next
 Display Devices
What are video standards?
 Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)
develops video standards

p. 6.08 Fig. 6-7 Next

 Display Devices
What are various video card configurations?
 Color depth determines number of colors video card
can display

p. 6.08 Fig. 6-8 Next

 Display Devices
What is a flat panel monitor?
 Uses liquid crystal display
 Also called LCD monitor
 Takes up less desk space
than CRT monitor
 Consumes less than
one-third the power

p. 6.09 Fig. 6-9 Next

 Display Devices
What are some mobile devices that have LCD screens?
 Notebooks
 Tablet PCs
 PDAs
 Smart phones

p. 6.09 Fig. 6.10 Next

 Display Devices
What is an electronic book (e-book)?
 Small, book-sized computer that uses LCD screen
 Allows users to read, save, highlight, bookmark, and
add notes to online text
 Download new book content from Web

p. 6.10 Fig. 6-11 Next

 Display Devices
How does LCD work?
 Uses liquid compound to present information on screen
Step 2. As light passes through liquid crystal, electrical
charge causes some of the cells to twist, making light waves
bend as they pass through color filter.
Step 1. Panel
of fluorescent
tubes emits
light waves
through
polarizing glass filter,
which guides light
toward layer of liquid
Liquid crystal cells Step 3. When light reaches
crystal cells.
second polarizing glass filter, light
is allowed to pass through any
Transparent electrodes
cells that line up at the first
Alignment layer polarizing glass filter. Absence and
Click to view Web Link, Color filter presence of colored light cause
then click LCD Technology Polarizing glass filter image to display on the screen.
below Chapter 6 Fluorescent tube panel

p. 6.10 Fig. 6-12 Next

 Display Devices
How do you use a flat panel monitor with a video card?
 Plug monitor into Digital Video Interface (DVI) port
on computer

standard monitor
port S-video port

DVI port

p. 6.11 Fig. 6-13 Next

 Display Devices
What is a gas plasma display?
 Displays image by applying voltage to layer of gas
 Larger screen size and higher display quality than LCD, but
much more expensive

p. 6.12 Fig. 6-14 Next

 Display Devices
What is interactive TV?

Select a movie from a Vote or respond to

Bank
central library of movies network questionnaires

Two-way communications HDTV

(high-definition television)
technology in which users interact works directly with
with television programming interactive TV

Shop Play games Video conference

p. 6.12 Next
 Printers
Portrait
What is a printer?
 Output device that
produces text and
graphics on paper
 Result is hard copy, or
printout
 Two orientations: portrait
and landscape

Landscape
p. 6.13 Fig. 6-15 Next
 Printers
How do you know which printer to buy?
 Depends on printing needs

Color or
Budget Speed
black and white

Graphics Paper types

Cost per page Photo printing
capability and sizes

System Wireless
Future needs
compatibility capability

p. 6.13 Next
 Printers
What is a dot-matrix printer?
 Impact printer that produces printed images
when tiny wire pins strike ribbon
 Impact printer forms
characters by striking
mechanism against inked
ribbon that contacts paper

Printed image is produced when tiny pins strike an inked ribbon

p. 6.14 Fig. 6-17 Next
Printers
What is a dot-matrix printer? (Cont.)

 Most dot-matrix printers use continuous-form paper

 The print head mechanism contains 9 to 24 pins.
 Higher number of pins means prints more dots per
character, which results in higher print quality
 Speed of a dot-matrix printer is measured by cps
(characters per second)
 Usually it ranges from 300 to 1100 cps
 Printers
What is a line printer?
 High-speed impact printer
that prints entire line
at a time
 Speed measured in lpm
(lines per minute)
 Band printer prints fully
formed characters using a
hammer mechanism
 Shuttle-matrix printer is
high-speed printer that
works like dot-matrix
printer

p. 6.14 Fig. 6-18 Next

 Printers
What is an ink-jet printer?
 A type of nonimpact printer that
sprays tiny drops of liquid ink
onto paper
 Nonimpact printer forms
characters and graphics without
striking paper
 Prints in black-and-white or color
on a variety of paper types
 Speed of an ink-jet printer is
measured by ppm (pages per
minute)

p. 6.15 Fig. 6-19 Next

 Printers
What is the resolution of a printer?
 Sharpness and clarity
 Measured by number of dots per inch (dpi) printer
can output

p. 6.16 Fig. 6-20 Next

 Printers
How does an ink-jet printer work?
print cartridge

nozzle
print head
firing
resistor chamber

bubble nozzle ink ink ink dot

paper

Step 1. A small Step 2. The Step 3. Ink Step 4. As the vapor bubble
Click to view Web Link,
then click Ink-Jet Printers
resistor heats the vapor bubble drops onto the collapses, fresh ink is drawn into
below Chapter 6 ink, causing the forces the ink paper. the firing chamber.
ink to boil and through the
form a vapor nozzle.
p. 6.17 Fig. 6-21 bubble. Next
 Printers
What is a photo printer?
 Color printer that produces photo-lab-quality pictures
Step 1. Take photograph with
digital camera and store it on
media card in the camera.
Step 2. Insert
media card into
media card card reader on
photo
printer photo printer.
media cards

Step 3. Use menu to

select desired image to
print, view it on LCD
screen, edit if necessary,
select size of the print,
Click to view and then print image.
Web Link, then
click Photo Printers
below Chapter 6
Step 4. Remove printed photo
from the printer.
p. 6.17 Fig. 6-22 Next
 Printers
What is a laser printer?
 High-speed, high-quality
nonimpact printer
 Prints text and graphics in very
high-quality resolution,
ranging from 600 to 2,400 dpi
 Typically costs more than
ink-jet printer, but is much
faster

Click to view Web Link,

then click Laser Printers
below Chapter 6

p. 6.19 Fig. 6-23 Next

Printers
What is a laser printer? (Cont.)
 Printing speed for the home or SOHO user is 9 to
50 ppm
 Laser printer process and store the entire page
before printing – called page printers
 It requires a certain amount memory in the printer
depending on the amount of graphics to print (16 ~
384 MB)
 Laser printers use software that enables them to
interpret a page description language (PDL)
 Two common PDLs are PCL (Printer Control
Language) or PostScript
 Printers
How does a laser printer work?
Step 2. Rotating mirror deflects
low-powered laser beam across
surface of drum.

Step 1. After user sends an

instruction to print a document,
drum rotates as gears and rollers Step 5. Set of rollers
feed sheet of paper into printer. uses heat and pressure
to permanently fuse
toner to paper.

Step 4. As drum continues to

rotate and press against paper,
toner transfers from drum to
paper.

Step 3. Laser beam creates

a charge that causes toner to
p. 6.20 Fig. 6-24 stick to drum. Next
 Printers
What is a thermal printer?
 Generates images by pushing electrically heated pins
against heat-sensitive paper
 Thermal wax-transfer printer uses heat to melt colored
wax onto heat sensitive paper
 Dye-sublimation printer, (also called a digital photo
printer) uses heat to transfer dye to specially coated paper

home use

p. 6.20 Fig. 6-25 Next

professional
 Printers
What is a mobile printer?
 Small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows
mobile user to print from notebook computer, Tablet
PC, or PDA while traveling
 Connects to a parallel port or USB port

p. 6.21 Fig. 6-26 Next

 Printers
What is a label printer?
 Small printer that prints on adhesive-type material
 Most also print bar codes
 Postage printer has built-in digital scale and prints
postage stamps
 Postage printer allow users to buy and print digital postage,
called internet postage, right from the PCs.

p. 6.21 Fig. 6-27 Next

 Printers
What is a plotter?
 Sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality
drawings
 Large-format printer creates photo-realistic-quality
color prints

p. 6.22 Fig. 6-28 Next

 Printers
What is wireless printing?
 Output transmitted to printer wirelessly via infrared
light waves or radio waves
 BluetoothTM printing uses radio waves
 Devices need to be within 30-foot range

Click to view Web Link,

then click Wireless Printing
below Chapter 6

p. 6.22 Fig. 6-29 Next

 Speakers and Headsets
What is an audio output device?
 Computer component that produces music, speech, or
other sounds
 Speakers and headsets are common devices

subwoofer

speakers

Click to view Web Link,

then click Speakers
and Headsets
below Chapter 6

p. 6.23 Figs. 6-30–6-31 Next

 Speakers and Headsets
What is voice output?
 Computer talks to you through speakers on computer
 Some web sites provide voice output, such as songs,
quotes, historical lectures, speeches, and books
 Internet telephony allows you to have conversation
over Web

p. 6.24 Fig. 6-32 Next

 Other Output Devices
What is a facsimile (fax) machine?
 Device that transmits and receives documents over
telephone lines

Stand-Alone fax machine

p. 6.25 Fig. 6-33 Next
Other Output Devices
How does a fax machine work?

 Sending End
1. Scan an original document
2. Convert the image into digitized data
3. Transmits the digitized image

 Receiving End
1. Read the incoming data
2. Convert the digitized data back to an image
3. Print or store a copy of the original image
 Other Output Devices
What is a fax modem?
 Modem that allows you to send and receive electronic
documents as faxes
 Fax modem transmits computer-prepared documents
internal fax card
in system unit
external fax
modem

Click to view Web Link,

then click Fax Modems fax machine
below Chapter 6

p. 6.25 Fig. 6-34 Next

Other Output Devices
What is a multifunction peripheral?
 Provides functionality
of printer, scanner,
copy machine, and
fax machine
 Sometimes called
all-in-one devices
 Advantage
less space, less expensive,
good for SOHO users
 Disadvantage
If the device breaks down,
lose all functionality
Next
Other Output Devices
What is a data projector?
 Device that takes image from
computer screen and projects
it onto larger screen
 Two types
 LCD projectors uses liquid
crystal display technology,
lower quality image than
DLP projectors
 DLP (Digital light
processing) projectors uses
tiny mirrors to reflect
light, bright and colorful
image
Next
Other Output Devices
What is force feedback?
 Sends resistance to joystick or wheel in response to
actions of user
 Used in simulation software such as driving or in game
software
 Used in practical training applications such as military
and aviation

Next
 Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the home user?

User Monitor Printer Other

 17- or 19-inch  Ink-jet color  Speakers

color CRT printer  Headset
monitor or flat  Photo printer  Force-feedback
panel monitor joystick and
wheel

Home

p. 6.28 Fig. 6-38 Next

 Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the small office/home
office user?

User Monitor Printer Other

 19- or 21-inch  Multifunction  Fax machine

color CRT peripheral  Speakers
monitor or flat  Ink-jet color
panel monitor printer
 Color LCD  Laser printer,
display on black and white
Tablet PC or  Label printer
Small Office/ PDA  Postage printer
Home Office
(SOHO)

p. 6.28 Fig. 6-38 Next

 Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the mobile user?

User Monitor Printer Other

 15.7-inch color  Portable color  Fax modem

LCD display on printer  Headset
notebook  Ink-jet color  DLP data
computer printer projector
 Color LCD  Laser printer,
display on PDA black and white
 Photo printer
Mobile

p. 6.28 Fig. 6-38 Next

 Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the large business user?

User Monitor Printer Other

 19- or 21-inch  High-speed laser  Fax machine or

color CRT printer fax modem
monitor or flat  Laser printer,  Speakers
panel monitor color  Headset
 Color LCD  Line printer (for  DLP data
display on large reports projector
Tablet PC or from a
Large Business PDA mainframe)
 Label printer

p. 6.28 Fig. 6-38 Next

 Putting It All Together
What are suggested output devices for the power user?

User Monitor Printer Other

 23-inch color  Laser printer,  Fax machine or

flat panel black and white fax modem
monitor  Plotter or large-  Speakers
format printer  Headset
 Photo printer; or
 Dye-sublimation
printer
Power

p. 6.28 Fig. 6-38 Next

 Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users

What is the Magnifier command?

 Windows Magnifier command enlarges text
and other items on screen

p. 6.29 Fig. 6-39 Next

 Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users

What other output options are available for visually

impaired users?
 Change Window settings,
such as increasing size or
changing color of text to
make words easier to read
 Blind users can work with
voice output
 Braille printer outputs
information in Braille
onto paper

Click to view video

p. 6.30 Fig. 6-40 Next

Summary of Output

CRT monitors Fax machines and fax modems

Flat-panel displays Multifunction peripherals

Printers Data projectors

Speakers and headsets Force feedback joysticks and wheels

Chapter 6 Complete