The Effectiveness of Using Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Students’

Writing Achievement: A Systematic Literature Review

Nadira Fadilla
Language and Arts Department, Teaching Training and Education Faculty
Universitas Samudra Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia
Email: nadirafadila87@gmail.com

Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning process of English as Foreign
Language (EFL) learners has become popular in recent years along with the rapid advancement of Technology. The use
of AI tool has support teaching and learning process with studies that showing AI can support language specific-skill,
Numerous of AI learning tools that developed to support teaching and learning, including Grammarly, Quillbot,
ProWritingAid, and Wordtune. Hence reviewing systematicly the exsisting research about the effectiveness of using
Artificial Intelligence to enhancing student’s writing skill is crucial in order to identifying key factors influencing the
adoption of AI to help improving students’ writing skills, and to analyze its strengths and limitations. The result shows
that the integration of AI tools is can significantly enhance students' writing skills through immediate feedback,
improvement in grammatical accuracy, and the building up of better vocabulary. However, several limitations have
been identified: over-dependence on AI, inability to understand context, and potentially negative effects on creativity.
Therefore, the study underlines the need for balanced integration, such as integrating AI tools into traditional teaching
methodology for maximum effectiveness in improving students' writing skills.

INTRODUCTION
Writing is one of crucial skill in English language
learning, however many students or EFL learners often By integrating the technology AI in education field
face challenge and having struggle in writing gives potential to offer possibilities for enhancing
effectively in English. Developing strong writing skills students’ writing achievement. Study conducted by
can be a challenging task for many of them due to Gasevic, Hwang, Wah and Xie (2020), highlight that
factors such as limited vocabulary, grammatical errors, with the help of generative artificial intelligence which
and difficulties in organizing ideas effectively. can create human intelligence to make predictions,
Educators are exploring the innovative ways and judgments, or decisions, AI can provide personalized
methods to improve students’ writing skill, one of the support, direction, and feedback to students as well as
ways is by the utilization of technology, including help educators or policymakers in making decision.
using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Writing instruction and learning went through an
The use of AI-based technology in the research significant change with the introduction of AI-powered
process and writing has received considerable attention writing assistants like ProWritingAid. AI tools are
in the world of education (Alordiah, 2023). Many highly useful resources for writers because they can
researchers have study about AI as powered learning analyze large amounts of data to find patterns and offer
tools and it proves to be effective for helping students customized recommendations.
enhance their English proficiency skill, for example Such tools are more effective when they can adjust
study conduct by Fatchiatuzahro, Hartanto, and Zaimah to different writing preferences and styles because they
(2024) Proves that the use of AI in learning and offer tailored feedback that speaks to the user's distinct
teaching process has significant positive impact in voice. Moreover, Chellapandian and Vijayakumar
improving students’ English proficiency achievement. (2024) add that one of the most important aspects of AI
Moreover, by using AI tool can help to create learning applied to language applications is monitoring the user’s
process more efficient, effective and responsive to the progress such as grammar exercises is modified and
need of teachers and students (Asbara et al, 2024). repeated until the user follows certain rules. Generative
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Al provides viable solutions by facilitating adaptive
teaching and learning process of English as Foreign learning systems that customize instructional materials
Language (EFL) learners has become popular in recent and experiences based on the interests and skills of each
years along with the rapid advancement of Technology. learner while conventional teaching methods frequently
The use of AI tool has support teaching and learning find it difficult to meet each student’s unique demands
process with studies that showing AI can support and learning preferences (Akram & Sharma, 2024).
language specific-skill (Admett, Burke, Crompton, &
Ichaporia, 2024). Numerous of AI learning tools that
developed to support teaching and learning, including
Grammarly, Quillbot, ProWritingAid, and Wordtune.
 Research Process
METHODOLOGY This study process involves systematically searching
This study conducted by using Systematic to organizing relevant academic papers that related to
Literature Review (SLR) method, to identify, the study, namely:
evaluate, interpret and analyse available study to
1. Initial Search:
address specific research questions on the
effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence to support  Use tools like Windows Desktop for managing
teaching and learning process, particularly on sources.
improving students' writing achievement.  Employ keywords like "the effectiveness of AI
Systematic Literature Review is aims to finds, to improve writing skill" or "the integration of
assesses, interprets, and analyzes the research AI tools in teaching and learning process"
findings that are currently available in relation to the
2. Refined Search:
phenomenon, topic area, or research questions that
have been formulated based on the provious  Focus on prominent databases: Google Scolar,
researches conducted. Developing a broad ScienceDirect, Academia Edu, Reserachgate
perspective, obtaining data to support particular 3. Record Results:
inquiries, and providing an overview of the literature  Documenting all of the research findings.
are the primary goals of a systematic review.
4. Classification:
Research Questions (RQs):  Categorize studies by type (e.g., journals,
The research questions (RQs) are aim to guide this conference papers, article) to understand the
study by focusing on essential aspects of Artificial research structures
Intelligence to improving students’ writing
achievement. Each RQ addresses a specific element,
namely including:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RQ1: What are important key factors that influence The discussion will be based on the SLR research
the effectiveness of using Artificial Intelligence to questions as in the following subsections:
improving students’ writing achievement?
RQ2: How the comparison and differences of various Research Question 1
AI tools used to improve writing skill of students? What are important key factors that influence the
RQ3: What are the strengths and limitations of the effectiveness of using Artificial Intelligence to
existing studies of the effectiveness using AI to improving students’ writing achievement?
improve students’ writing? Based on the journal analysis it can be interpreted
that there is several factors influencing the effectiveness
Based on the research question above, this study of using artificial intelligence to improve students’
considered some scopes and criteria in conducting the writing skill, including, Social influence; Motivaton; AI
SLR method, these scopes and criteria namely Feature and Functionality; and Teachers’ and students’
including: population, comparison, and outcomes. As readiness and perceptions.
to bee seen in Table I. As can be seen in the table II

TABLE I: SCOPE & CRITERIA

Criteria Scope TABLE II: FACTORS INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENES OF ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE TO IMPROVE
Population Research papers of articles or journals published STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL
Factors Articles
(in Google Scholar, Research gate, Academia Edu)
Social influence [A2], [A3], [A4]
that propose study of the effectiveness of the Motivation [A2], [A4]
integration of Artificial Intelligence to enhance writing Feature and Functionality [A1], [A2], A3],
achievement of students within previous 5 years. [A5]
Teachers’ and students’ readiness and perception [A1], [A4], [A5]
Comparison Strengths and limitations of each proposed
researches of the using of Artificial Intelligence in
teaching and learning process to Improve Student’s
writing skill
Based on the table, Social influence are one of the
Outcomes Factors that influence the effectiveness of using factor contributing to the effectiveness of Artificial
Artificial Intelligence in teaching and learning Intelligence, factors like cultural, institutional, or
process to improve writing skill based on the physical settings can heavily influence its effectiveness
proposed study researches. which propose that supportive environments foster
better outcomes [A2]. Moreover, other social influence
like Peer Support can also influence the effectiveness,
as students began to assist each other in using
Articificial Intelligence, collaborative learning would
emerged which further enhanced their writing skills [A5] readability, and sentence-level errors in highly
and confidence [A3]-[A4]. sentence feedback unstructured
Thus, motivation can also lead to the effectiveness clarity. sentences
of the Artificial Intelligence, students’ intrinsic
From the result in the table. Study that integrate
motivation to engage with the intervention of Using
multiple Ai tool likeQuillbot, Grammarly, and Chat
AI in learning are significantly impacts its
GPT to enhance students writing skill is give high
effectiveness where high motivation often leads to
improvement across writing aspects, proposed that
better outcomes [A2]. Moreover, factor like the
those various AI tools can significantly improve
interactive AI tools like ChatGPT can increase student
students writing skill [A1].
motivation, making the learning experience more
enjoyable and effective [A4].
Research Question 3
What are the strengths and limitations of the existing
The next factor that influcing on the AI
studies of the effectiveness using AI to improve
effectiveness is the AI’s feature and functionality,
students’ writing?
AI tools can offer immediate, personalized feedback,
allowing students to make real-time corrections and Table IV bellow summarizes the data-supported
adjustments to their writing. This immediacy is a strengths and limitations derived from the journal
significant factor in enhancing learning outcomes [A1]. analysis.
Features like immediate feedback can help to enhance TABLE IV: FACTORS INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENES
effectiveness. For example, as for QuillBot AI, it offers Aspect Strengths Limitations
various features such as grammar checking, the tool - Significant
- Limited focus on
helps identify and correct grammatical errors, improvements in
long-term retention of
enhances vocabulary usage, and aids in structuring grammar, fluency, and
Effectiveness writing skills; most
overall writing scores
sentences, making it a valuable resource for students reported in multiple
results are short-term
struggling with writing [A2-A3-A5]. and immediate.
studies [A3]-[A4]-[A5].
- Many studies use
Last factor there is teachers’ and students’ - Statistical significance
small or niche samples
readiness and perceptions, Positive Student Attitudes, (e.g., 20–30 students),
validates observed
Credibility reducing
a significant finding is that 85% of students had a changes, enhancing
generalizability across
favorable view of the AI tools, indicating that credibility.
broader populations
acceptance and perceived usefulness of technology [A3]-[A4].
play a crucial role in its effectiveness [A1], High levels - Real-time, personalized
- Some students
of engagement and positive perceptions of AI tools can feedback from tools like
Engagement struggle to adopt AI
ChatGPT and Grammarly
significantly enhance learning outcomes [A4]. and
reduces writing anxiety
tools due to perceived
Addictionally one the the study which is the student Motivation complexity or lack of
and fosters confidence
digital literacy [A3].
participants were informatics engineering students, this [A1].
suggesting students’ familiarity with technology can - Automated Writing - AI tools like
significantly impact how effectively they utilize the AI Evaluation (AWE) tools ProWritingAid and
like ProWritingAid save QuillBot struggle with
tools [A5]. Feedback time with instant unstructured or
Mechanisms corrections for grammar, idiomatic errors,
Research Question 2 mechanics, and style, requiring
How the comparison and differences of various AI reducing teacher woks supplementary human
[A5] feedback [A5]
tools used to improve writing skill of students?
- AI tools show - Tools like Gencraft
From the result obtained in the SLR study, the adaptability across varied
are limited to creative
proposed work by each article is also recorded. Table settings, including high visual tasks, with little
Versatility
III shows the results of the AI tools comparisons. school English classes and
application to technical
specialized business or argumentative
TABLE III: FACTORS INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENES writing courses [A1]. writing contexts [A4].
Focus area Strength of Limitations - Heavy reliance on
Aspects
Features - Combining AI with teacher intervention
Quillbot Grammar, Effective Focused on a teacher feedback balances highlights AI’s
[A1]-[A3] sentence paraphrasing and single tool, Combination precision with contextual inability to
structure grammar limited feedback Approaches insights, enhancing independently address
correction. depth. surface-level accuracy and cultural, emotional, and
Grammarly Grammar, Multi-tool Did not explore deeper coherence [A5]. higher-order writing
skills [A5]
[A1] vocabulary, versatility. emotional and
fluency, cultural Writing Skills - Creative tools like - Most studies focus on
Scope Gencraft enhance visual grammar and fluency,
and tone. nuances.
and descriptive writing neglecting critical
Gencraft & Creativity Integration of Limited to tasks [A4] thinking, argumentative
Chat GPT , visual- visual aids and creative/desc structure, and cultural
[A4]-[A1] sensitivity [A1]
aided text generation. riptive tasks.
writing.
ProWritingAid Grammar, Detailed grammar Unable to detect
Aspect Strengths Limitations achieve greater writing proficiency.

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