Maya Star College

Course Title: Occupational health and safety (OHS)🦺

Unit One
Preparing for work

Lecturer : Mr F.Y
December 2,2024
 Job Requirements
Definition of a Job
 A piece of work done as part of one's occupation or for a specific price
 A full-time or part-time employment position
 Duties and responsibilities that an individual is expected to fulfill
 An event, matter, or situation that requires attention
 The project or assignment being worked on
 The process or details of working
 The execution or performance of a task
• Work Ethic
 Vital for success in any job
 Shapes an individual's identity as a worker and their role in production
relations
 An essential aspect of being an economic being
 Basic Requirements for a Job
• Same regardless of job nature, location, or professional/educational
qualifications Must cultivate a strong work ethic Include:
① Good communication skills
② Time management skills
③ Ability to work well with others
④ Adaptability and flexibility
⑤ Problem-solving and critical thinking skills
⑥ Attention to detail
⑦ Willingness to learn and take on new challenges
 Job Qualifications
• Qualifications are tangible indicators of a candidate's capability to
perform specific job functions.
• They are typically represented through degrees and certificates.
• Qualifications fulfill the material and tactile requirements for
employment.
• Qualifications are often viewed as essential credentials required for
job applications.
• Degrees and certificates validate skills and knowledge in a
professional context.
• Continuous learning and self-education play a crucial role in
professional development.
 Discipline

• Discipline is a crucial element for success in any job.

• It is a quality that is not dependent on age, position, or job title.
• Without discipline, it is impossible to achieve goals and excel in one's
career.
• Discipline is the fundamental core that drives an employee to perform their
duties effectively.
• It provides the necessary motivation to complete tasks that may be
strenuous, repetitive, or boring.
• It is an essential quality for success in any job, regardless of the nature of
the work.
• Indispensable for Work
 Discipline is indispensable for any job, as it provides the impetus for work.
 It helps employees stay focused and motivated, even when faced with challenging or
unsatisfactory tasks.
 Without discipline, work can become unproductive and unsatisfactory.
 Enthusiasm
• Enthusiasm for work is also a pre-requisite for any job. An innate love for
the job, which in modern parlance is known as job satisfaction, is a core
requirement for any job.
• Soft skills
• Is refer to interpersonal and intrapersonal skills that enhance an individual's
ability to interact harmoniously and effectively with others.
• Key Components of Soft Skills:
• Communication Skills
• - Effective and clear communication is crucial for conveying ideas and
information.
• - Verbal and non-verbal cues play a role in establishing connections with
colleagues and clients.
• Computer Skills
• - Technological proficiency is necessary in modern workplaces.
• - Essential software and tools contribute to operational efficiency.
 Work instructions
• WI are essential documents that outline specific tasks and activities
within an organization.
• -They play a crucial role in ensuring smooth operations within a
business by detailing job functions and responsibilities.
• Key Components of Work Instructions
• 1. Worker Competencies
 Workers need to understand and perform the following:
 Work Functions: Broad categories of tasks that are required in a job role.
 Key Activities: Specific actions or tasks that fall under each work function.
 Performance Indicators: Metrics or criteria used to measure how well the key
activities are performed.
• 2. Task Descriptions
 Clearly articulate the tasks required for specific work roles within an occupation.
 Ensure that each occupation has documented expectations to guide workers.
Importance of Work Instructions

• Facilitate training: New employees can learn their roles effectively

with clear, documented steps.
• Enhance consistency: Ensures that tasks are performed uniformly
across the organization.
• Improve efficiency: Reduces the likelihood of errors and enhances
productivity by providing clear expectations.
 Procedures vs. Work
Instructions
• Procedures
• - Include:
① Inputs: materials or information required to initiate the process.
② Conversion: the steps or actions taken to transform inputs into outputs.
③ Outputs: the final results or products of the process.
④ Feedback: mechanisms to ensure consistency and quality of results.
• - Work Instructions
① Provide detailed guidance on how to perform specific tasks within the broader
process.
② Focus on the step-by-step actions necessary to execute a procedure
effectively .
 Key Differences
• Scope:
• - Procedures encompass the entire process, while work instructions
focus on individual tasks.
• Purpose:
• Procedures are designed to outline the overall framework and
rationale behind the process; work instructions are practical guides
for execution.
• PDCA Process Approach
• Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA)
• A structured approach used to capture and analyze relevant
information regarding procedures and work instructions.
• - Plan: Identify the elements of the process that need to be
documented.
 Cont...
• Do: Execute the process as outlined in the procedure.
• Check: Review the outputs and feedback to ensure they meet
quality standards.
• Act: Make necessary adjustments to improve the process based on
feedback.
• Questions that need to be answered in a procedure include:
① Where do the inputs come from (suppliers)?
② Where do the outputs go (customers)?
③ Who performs what action when (responsibilities)?
④ How do you know when you have done it right (effectiveness criteria)?
⑤ What feedback should be captured (metrics)?
⑥ How do we communicate results (charts, graphs and reports)?
⑦ What laws (regulations) or standards apply (e.g., ISO 9001, 8th EU Directive)?
 OHS Requirements
• OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) requirements
consist of legislation, regulations, codes of practice, and
enterprise safety policies and procedures.
• These guidelines are crucial for maintaining a safe
working environment for all employees.
• Key Components of OHS Requirements
 Legislation and Regulations: Set the legal framework for occupational
health and safety practices, and compliance is mandatory for all
enterprises.
 Codes of Practice: Provide practical guidance on meeting OHS legal
obligations.
 Enterprise Safety Policies: Custom protocols developed by
organizations to promote safety tailored to specific workplace conditions.
Elements of OHS Requirements
 Protective Clothing and Equipment: Mandatory items that must be used to
safeguard employees from potential hazards, as dictated by relevant legislation
and workplace policies.
 Tooling and Equipment Usage: Guidelines for the safe operation of
machinery and tools to prevent workplace accidents.
 Workplace Environment and Safety: Assessment of the physical
workspace, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a safe, hazard-
free environment.
 Handling of Materials: Best practices for the safe movement and
storage of potentially dangerous substances.
 Firefighting Equipment: Regulations regarding the availability and
use of firefighting resources to manage fire-related emergencies.
 Enterprise First Aid: Requirements for first aid provisions
 Job Specification
• A statement of employee/workers characteristics and qualifications required
for satisfactory performance of defined duties and tasks comprising a
specific job or function.
• Workplace Hazards
• Work provides numerous benefits but also presents a variety of hazards
that can compromise the health and safety of employees.
• Types of Hazards
① - Chemical hazards
② - Biological hazards
③ - Physical hazards
④ - Adverse ergonomic conditions
⑤ - Allergens
⑥ - Network of safety risks
⑦ - Psychosocial risk factors
Work place Hazard
 Physical Hazards in the
Workplace
• Physical hazards are a common cause of injuries in various industries.
• They are particularly prevalent in industries such as construction and
mining.
• However, safety methods and procedures have been developed to manage
these risks.
• Chemical hazards: refer to substances or compounds that have the
potential to cause harm to human health or the environment. These hazards
can be found in various forms, such as solids, liquids, gases, or even as
dust particles.
• Biological hazards: refer to any biological substance that poses a threat to
the health of living organisms, including humans. These hazards can be
found in various environments, such as workplaces, homes, and natural
settings.
End of chapter one 🕜