1) Build a program to accept n numbers and display the sum of the highest and lowest

numbers.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, num, highest, lowest, sum;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (n <= 0) {
printf("Invalid number of elements.\n");
return 1;
}
printf("Enter number 1: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
highest = lowest = num;
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
printf("Enter number %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &num);

if (num > highest) highest = num;

if (num < lowest) lowest = num;
}
sum = highest + lowest;

printf("Highest number: %d\n", highest);

printf("Lowest number: %d\n", lowest);
printf("Sum of highest and lowest: %d\n", sum);

return 0;

2) Build a program to accept n numbers in array and display the addition of all even numbers
and multiplication of all odd numbers.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, num;
int sum_even = 0;
int product_odd = 1;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the numbers:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &num);
 if (num % 2 == 0) {
sum_even += num;
} else {
product_odd *= num;
}
}
printf("Sum of all even numbers: %d\n", sum_even);
printf("Product of all odd numbers: %d\n", product_odd);
return 0;
}

3) Build a program to sort numbers of a one-d array in descending order using Bubble sorot

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, num;
int sum_even = 0;
int product_odd = 1;
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the numbers:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &num);
if (num % 2 == 0) {
sum_even += num;
} else {
product_odd *= num;
}
}
printf("Sum of all even numbers: %d\n", sum_even);
printf("Product of all odd numbers: %d\n", product_odd);
return 0;
}
4) Build a program to reverse only first n elements of an array.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int arr[100], n, num_elements;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &num_elements);
printf("Enter the elements of the array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_elements; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("Enter the number of elements to reverse: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Ensure n is within the bounds of the array
if (n > num_elements) {
n = num_elements;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[n - 1 - i];
arr[n - 1 - i] = temp;
}
printf("Array after reversing the first %d elements:\n", n);
for (int i = 0; i < num_elements; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

5) Build a program to display the elements which are exists multiple times in a given 1D array
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[100], n;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the elements of the array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("Elements that exist multiple times:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if (arr[i] == arr[j]) {
printf("%d\n", arr[i]);
break; // Break to avoid printing the same element multiple times
}
}
 }
return 0;

6) Build a program to check whether given n*n matrix is symmetric or not

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, matrix[100][100];
int is_symmetric = 1;
printf("Enter the size of the matrix (n): ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the elements of the %d x %d matrix:\n", n, n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (matrix[i][j] != matrix[j][i]) {
is_symmetric = 0;
break;
}
}
if (!is_symmetric) break;
}
if (is_symmetric) {
printf("The given matrix is symmetric.\n");
} else {
printf("The given matrix is not symmetric.\n");
}
return 0;
}
7) Build a program to count the occurrences of a number in the given matrix.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, num, count = 0;
int matrix[100][100];
printf("Enter the size of the matrix (n): ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the elements of the %d x %d matrix:\n", n, n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the number to count: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
// Count the occurrences of the number in the matrix
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (matrix[i][j] == num) {
count++;
}
}
}
printf("The number %d occurs %d times in the matrix.\n", num, count);
return 0;
}

8) Build a program to reverse the rows of a matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n;
int matrix[100][100];
printf("Enter the size of the matrix (n): ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the elements of the %d x %d matrix:\n", n, n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
int temp = matrix[i][j];
matrix[i][j] = matrix[n - 1 - i][j];
matrix[n - 1 - i][j] = temp;
}
}
printf("Matrix after reversing the rows:\n");
 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

9) Build a program to perform addition two matrices

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int rows, cols;
int matrix1[100][100], matrix2[100][100], sum[100][100];
printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of the matrices: ");
scanf("%d %d", &rows, &cols);
printf("Enter the elements of the first matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the elements of the second matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix2[i][j]);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
sum[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
}
}
printf("The sum of the two matrices is:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
10) Build a program to perform multiplication of two matrices

#include<stdio.h> //logic for multiplication

int main() for(i=0; i<c1; i++)
{ {
int a[100][100], b[100][100], c[100][100]; for(j=0; j<r2; j++)
int r1,c1, r2,c2,i,j,k; {
printf("Enter the size of matrix a:"); c[i][j] = 0;
scanf("%d%d",&r1,&c1); for(k=0; k<c1; k++)
printf("\nEnter the size of matrix b:"); {
scanf("%d%d",&r2,&c2); c[i][j] = c[i][j]+(a[i][k] * b[k][j]);
if( c1 == r2 ) }
{ }
printf("\nMatrix multiplication is possible\n"); }
printf("\nEnter the elements into matrix a:\n");

for(i=0; i<r1; i++) printf("\nResultant matrix is :\n");

{ for(i=0; i<r1; i++)
for(j=0; j<c1; j++) {
{ for(j=0; j<c2; j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); {
} printf("%d ",c[i][j]);
} }
printf("\nEnter the elements into matrix b:\n"); printf("\n");
for(i=0; i<r2; i++) }
{ }
for(j=0; j<c2; j++) else
{ {
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]); printf("\nMatrix multiplication is not
possible");
}
}
}
}
11) Build a program to find the sum of secondary diagonal elements in a given square matrix
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n;
int matrix[100][100];
int sum = 0;
printf("Enter the size of the matrix (n): ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the elements of the %d x %d matrix:\n", n, n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum += matrix[i][n - 1 - i];
}
printf("The sum of the secondary diagonal elements is: %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}

12) Make use concept of 1D array to give its syntax for declaration and initialization with an
example program.
Syntax for declaration :-
dataType arrayName[arraySize];
syntax for Initialization:
arrayName[index] = value;
(or)
dataType arrayName[arraySize] = {value1, value2, ..., valueN};
example program

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
// Calculate the sum of all elements in the array
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum += numbers[i];
}
// Print the elements of the array
printf("The elements of the array are:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d ", numbers[i]);
}
printf("\n");
// Print the sum of the elements
printf("The sum of the elements is: %d\n", sum);
 return 0;
}

13) Make use concept of 2D array to give its syntax for declaration and initialization with an
example program
Syntax for declaration :-
dataType arrayName[rows][columns];
syntax for Initialization:
arrayName[rows][columns] = {{value1, value2, ...}, {value3, value4, ...}, ...}

example program:-
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int matrix[3][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
sum += matrix[i][j];
}
}
printf("The elements of the 2D array are:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
// Print the sum of the elements
printf("The sum of the elements is: %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}
14) Identify the use of pointer and how to dereference a pointer. Identify the working pointer in
arithmetic operations.
Pointers- Pointers in C are powerful features that allow you to directly interact with memory
addresses. They are used for dynamic memory allocation, arrays, functions, and structures.
Here's a brief overview and example to help illustrate how to use and dereference pointers,
as well as how pointer arithmetic works.
Pointer Declaration: dataType *pointerName;
Example : int *ptr;

Pointer Initialization: int value = 5; ptr = &value;

Dereferencing a Pointer: Dereferencing a pointer means accessing the value stored at the
memory address pointed to by the pointer.
Example :int dereferencedValue = *ptr;

Pointer Arithmetic: Pointers can be incremented or decremented to point to the next or

previous memory location of the data type it points to:
Example: ptr++;

Example program:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int value = 5;
int *ptr = &value; // Pointer to an integer

// Dereferencing the pointer

printf("The value is: %d\n", *ptr);

// Pointer arithmetic
int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int *arrPtr = arr; // Pointing to the first element of the array

printf("Array elements using pointer arithmetic:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d ", *(arrPtr + i)); // Dereference each element
}
printf("\n");

return 0;
}
15) Identify how to work with arrays by using pointers. Give an example program.

Explanation:

1. Array Declaration and Initialization:

o int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; declares and initializes an array.

o int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); calculates the number of elements in the array.

2. Pointer to the Array:

o int *ptr = arr; initializes a pointer to point to the first element of the array.

3. Accessing and Printing Elements:

o Using a for loop and pointer arithmetic, *(ptr + i) is used to access and print each
element of the array.

4. Modifying Elements:

o The elements of the array are modified using pointer arithmetic. Each element is
doubled by the expression *(ptr + i) = *(ptr + i) * 2;.

5. Printing Modified Elements:

o The modified array elements are printed to show the changes

Example code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

int *ptr = arr;

printf("Array elements using pointers:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("%d ", *(ptr + i));

printf("\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

*(ptr + i) = *(ptr + i) * 2;

printf("Modified array elements:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("%d ", arr[i]);

 }

printf("\n");

return 0;