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    2D Array

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    savagegamer1289
    notes for 2nd sem

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2D Array

    Uploaded by

    savagegamer1289
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    notes for 2nd sem

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    notes for 2nd sem

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views11 pages

    2D Array

    Uploaded by

    savagegamer1289
    notes for 2nd sem

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Two dimensional Arrays

    2D array consists of element of same type arranged in rows & columns. It has two subscripts (indices).

    Declaration of two dimensional arrays:


    As we declare and define variables before they are used in a program, an array also must be declared and
    defined before it is used. The declaration and definition informs the compiler about the:
     Type of each element of the array.
     Name of the array
     Number of elements( size of the array)

    The syntax is shown below:


    data_type array_name [row size ][column size] ;
    Where data type can be int, float , char or double.
    array_name is name of the array,
    rowsize ,column size are the integral constants thatspecify the number of rows and columns in the
    array.
    For Ex: int a[3][4];

    Initialization of two-Dimensional Array


    There are 2 ways of initialization:
    i) Compile time
    ii) Run time

    i) Compile time Initialization:


    Array elements are initialized at the time of declaration. The syntax is shown below:
    data_type array_name[row_size][column_size] = { { a1, a2, a3, . . . an },{b1,b2…bn}….} ;
    where data_ type can be int, float char or double.
    ii) Run time Initialization:
    An array can be explicitly initialized at run time using for loop. Ex: int i,j,m=3,n=2,a[10][10];
    for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<n;j++)
    {
    scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
    }
    Accessing Matrix elements:
    There are two ways:
    i)Row major
    ii) Column major

    Row major order: firstly all elements in 0th row are accessed, then all elements in 1st row areaccessed &
    so on.
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
    for(j=0;j<n;j++)
    {
    scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
    }
    }

    Column major order: firstly all elements in 0th column are accessed, then all elements in 1stcolumn are
    accessed & so on.
    for(j=0;j<n;j++)
    {
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
    scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
    }
    }

    C program to read and display elements using 2D ARRAY


    #include<stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int i,j ,m, n, a[20][20];
    printf(“enter the number of rows & columns \n”);
    scanf(“%d %d”,&m,&n);
    printf(“enter array elements\n”);
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
    for(j=0;j<n;j++)
    {
    scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
    }
    }
    printf(“array elements are:\n”);
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
    for(j=0;j<n;j++)
    {
    printf(“%d”,a[i][j]);
    }
    }
    return 0;
    }
    OPERATIONS ON TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
    1. Transpose

    #include<stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int i,j ,m, n, a[20][20],b[10][10];
    printf(“enter the number of rows & columns \n”);
    scanf(“%d %d”,&m,&n);
    printf(“enter array elements\n”);
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
    for(j=0;j<n;j++)
    {
    scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
    }
    }
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
    for(j=0;j<m;j++)
    {
    b[i][j]=a[i][j];
    }
    }
    printf(“transpose of the matrix”);
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
    for(j=0;j<m;j++)
    {
    printf(“%d\t”,b[i][j]);
    }
    }
    return 0;
    }
    2. Sum

    #include <stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int m, n, c, d, first[10][10], second[10][10], sum[10][10];
    printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix\n");
    scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
    printf("Enter the elements of first matrix\n");
    for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
    {
    for (d = 0; d < n; d++)
    {
    scanf("%d", &first[c][d]);
    }
    }
    printf("Enter the elements of second matrix\n");
    for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
    {
    for (d = 0 ; d < n; d++)
    {
    scanf("%d", &second[c][d]);
    }
    }
    for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
    {
    for (d = 0 ; d < n; d++)
    {
    sum[c][d] = first[c][d] + second[c][d];
    }
    printf("\n");
    }
    printf("Sum of entered matrices:");
    for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
    {
    for (d = 0 ; d < n; d++)
    {
    scanf("%d", &second[c][d]);
    }
    }

    return 0;
    }

    3. Difference

    4. Product

    program to perform matrix multiplication


    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    int main()
    {
    int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],r1,r2,c1,c2,i,j,k ;
    printf("Enter the size of first matrix\n");
    scanf("%d%d",&r1,&c1);
    printf("Enter the size of second matrix\n");
    scanf("%d%d",&r2,&c2);
    if(c1!=r2)
    {
    Printf(“Matrix Addition is not possible”);
    exit());
    }
    printf("Enter the elements of first matrix\n") ;
    for(i=0 ;i<r1 ;i++)
    {
    for(j=0 ;j<c1 ;j++)
    {
    scanf("%d",&a[i][j]) ;
    }
    }
    printf("Enter the elements of second matrix\n") ;
    for( i=0 ;i<r2 ;i++)
    {
    for(j=0 ;j<c2 ;j++)
    {
    scanf("%d",&b[i][j]) ;
    }
    }
    printf("matrix A is\n") ;
    for(i=0 ;i<r1 ;i++)
    {
    for(j=0 ;j<c1 ;j++)
    {
    printf("%d\t",a[i][j]) ;
    }
    printf("\n") ;
    }
    printf("matrix B is\n") ;
    for(i=0 ;i<r2 ;i++)
    {
    for(j=0 ;j<c2 ;j++)
    {
    printf("%d\t",b[i][j]) ;
    }
    printf("\n") ;
    }

    for(i=0 ;i<m ;i++)


    {
    for(j=0 ;j<q ;j++)
    {
    c[i][j]=0 ;
    for(k=0 ;k<n ;k++)
    {
    c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j] ;
    }
    }

    }
    printf("the product of two matrices is\n") ;
    for(i=0 ;i<m ;i++)
    {
    for(j=0 ;j<q ;j++)
    {
    printf("%d\t",c[i][j]) ;
    }
    printf("\n")
    }
    return 0;
    }

    Passing the entire 2D array


    To pass a two dimensional array to a function, we use the array name as the actual parameter.
    (The same we did in case of a 1D array). However, the parameter in the called function must
    indicate that the array has two dimensions.
    PROGRAM ILLUSTRATING PASSING ENTIRE ARRAY TO A FUNCTION
    #include<stdio.h>
    void read_matrix(int mat[][], int, int);
    void sum_matrix(int mat1[][], int mat2[][], int, int);
    void display_matrix(int mat[5][5], int r, int c);
    int main()
    {
    int row, col, mat1[5][5], mat2[5][5];
    printf(“\n Enter the number of rows and columns of the matrix : “);
    scanf(“%d %d”, row, col);
    read_matrix(mat1, row, col);
    printf(“\n Enter the second matrix : “);
    read_matrix(mat2, row, col);
    sum_matrix(mat1, mat2, row, col);
    display_matrix(sum, r, c);
    }
    void read_matrix(int mat[5][5], int r, int c)
    {
    int i, j;
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
    for(j=0;j<c;j++)
    {
    scanf(“%d“, &mat[i][j]);
    }
    }
    }
    void sum_matrix(int mat1[5][5], mat2[5][5], int r, int c)
    {
    int i, j, sum[5][5];
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
    for(j=0;j<c;j++)
    {
    sum[i][j] = mat1[i][j] + mat2[i][j];
    }
    }
    }
    void display_matrix(int mat[5][5], int r, int c)
    {
    int i, j;
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
    printf(“\n”);
    for(j=0;j<c;j++)
    {
    printf(“\t mat[%d][%d] = %d“, mat[i][j]);
    }
    }
    }

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