Program 1

Aim: Introduce the Python fundamentals, data types, operators, flow control and exception handling in Python
a) Write a python program to find the best of two test average marks out of three test’s marks accepted from
the user.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

m1 = int(input("Enter marks for test1 : "))

m2 = int(input("Enter marks for test2 : "))
m3 = int(input("Enter marks for test3 : "))

if m1 <= m2 and m1 <= m3:

avgMarks = (m2+m3)/2
elif m2 <= m1 and m2 <= m3:
avgMarks = (m1+m3)/2
elif m3 <= m1 and m3 <= m2:
avgMarks = (m1+m2)/2
print("Average of best two test marks out of three tests marks is", avgMarks);

Output:
Enter marks for test1 : 45
Enter marks for test2 : 39
Enter marks for test3 : 48
Average of best two test marks out of three test’s marks is 46.5

b) Develop a Python program to check whether a given number is palindrome or not and also count the
number of occurrences of each digit in the input number.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

val = int(input("Enter a value : "))

str_val = str(val)
if str_val == str_val[::-1]:
print("Palindrome")
else:
print("Not Palindrome")
for i in range(10):
if str_val.count(str(i)) > 0:
print(str(i),"appears", str_val.count(str(i)), "times");

Output:
Enter a value : 1234234
Not Palindrome
1 appears 1 times
2 appears 2 times
3 appears 2 times
4 appears 2 times
 Program 2

Aim: Demonstrating creation of functions, passing parameters and return values

a) Defined as a function F as Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2. Write a Python program which accepts a value for N (where N >0)
as input and pass this value to the function. Display suitable error message if the condition for input value is
not followed.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

def fn(n):
if n == 1:
return 0
elif n == 2:
return 1
else:
return fn(n-1) + fn(n-2)

num = int(input("Enter a number : "))

if num > 0:
print("fn(", num, ") = ",fn(num) , sep ="")
else:
print("Error in input")

Output:

Enter a number : 5
fn(5) = 3

Enter a number : -1
Error in input

b) Develop a python program to convert binary to decimal, octal to hexadecimal using functions.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

def bin2Dec(val):
rev=val[::-1]
dec = 0
i=0
for dig in rev:
dec += int(dig) * 2**i
i += 1

return dec

def oct2Hex(val):
rev=val[::-1]
dec = 0
i=0
for dig in rev:
dec += int(dig) * 8**i
i += 1
list=[]
 while dec != 0:
list.append(dec%16)
dec = dec // 16

nl=[]
for elem in list[::-1]:
if elem <= 9:
nl.append(str(elem))
else:
nl.append(chr(ord('A') + (elem -10)))
hex = "".join(nl)

return hex

num1 = input("Enter a binary number : ")

print(bin2Dec(num1))
num2 = input("Enter a octal number : ")
print(oct2Hex(num2))

Output:

Enter a binary number : 10111001

185
Enter a octal number : 675
1BD
 Program 3

Aim: Demonstration of manipulation of strings using string methods

a) Write a Python program that accepts a sentence and find the number of words, digits, uppercase letters
and lowercase letters.

Output:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

sentence = input("Enter a sentence : ")

wordList = sentence.split(" ")

print("This sentence has", len(wordList), "words")

digCnt = upCnt = loCnt = 0

for ch in sentence:
if '0' <= ch <= '9':
digCnt += 1
elif 'A' <= ch <= 'Z':
upCnt += 1
elif 'a' <= ch <= 'z':
loCnt += 1

print("This sentence has", digCnt, "digits", upCnt, "upper case letters", loCnt, "lower case letters")

Output:

Enter a sentence : Rama went to Devaraja market to pick 2 kgs of vegetable

This sentence has 11 words
This sentence has 1 digits 2 upper case letters 42 lower case letters

b) Write a Python program to find the string similarity between two given strings
Sample Output:
Original string:
Python Exercises
Python Exercises
Similarity between two said strings: 1.0

Sample Output:
Original string:
Python Exercises
Python Exercise
Similarity between two said strings: 0.967741935483871

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

str1 = input("Enter String 1 \n")

str2 = input("Enter String 2 \n")

if len(str2) < len(str1):

short = len(str2)
long = len(str1)
else:
 short = len(str1)
long = len(str2)

matchCnt = 0
for i in range(short):
if str1[i] == str2[i]:
matchCnt += 1

print("Similarity between two said strings:")

print(matchCnt/long)

Output:

Enter String 1
Python Exercises
Enter String 2
Python Exercises
Similarity between two said strings:
1.0

Enter String 1
Python Exercises
Enter String 2
Python Exercise
Similarity between two said strings:
0.9375
 Program 4

Aim: Discuss different collections like list, tuple and dictionary

a) Write a python program to implement insertion sort and merge sort using lists

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import random

def merge_sort(lst):
if len(lst) > 1:
mid = len(lst) // 2
left_half = lst[:mid]
right_half = lst[mid:]

merge_sort(left_half)
merge_sort(right_half)

i=j=k=0

while i < len(left_half) and j < len(right_half):

if left_half[i] < right_half[j]:
lst[k] = left_half[i]
i += 1
else:
lst[k] = right_half[j]
j += 1
k += 1

while i < len(left_half):

lst[k] = left_half[i]
i += 1
k += 1

while j < len(right_half):

lst[k] = right_half[j]
j += 1
k += 1

return lst

def insertion_sort(arr):
for i in range(1, len(arr)):
key = arr[i]
j=i-1
while j >= 0 and key < arr[j]:
arr[j + 1] = arr[j]
j -= 1
arr[j + 1] = key

my_list = []

for i in range(10):
my_list.append(random.randint(0, 999))
print("\nUnsorted List")
print(my_list)
print("Sorting using Insertion Sort")
insertion_sort(my_list)
print(my_list)

my_list = []

for i in range(10):
my_list.append(random.randint(0, 999))

print("\nUnsorted List")
print(my_list)
print("Sorting using Merge Sort")
merge_sort(my_list)
print(my_list)

Output:

Unsorted List
[932, 111, 226, 685, 543, 589, 918, 539, 294, 717]
Sorting using Insertion Sort
[111, 226, 294, 539, 543, 589, 685, 717, 918, 932]

Unsorted List
[613, 176, 828, 265, 65, 326, 359, 919, 514, 868]
Sorting using Merge Sort
[65, 176, 265, 326, 359, 514, 613, 828, 868, 919]
b) Write a program to convert roman numbers in to integer values using dictionaries.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

def roman2Dec(romStr):
roman_dict ={'I': 1, 'V': 5, 'X': 10, 'L': 50, 'C': 100, 'D': 500, 'M': 1000}
# Analyze string backwards
romanBack = list(romStr)[::-1]
value = 0
# To keep track of order
rightVal = roman_dict[romanBack[0]]
for numeral in romanBack:
leftVal = roman_dict[numeral]
# Check for subtraction
if leftVal < rightVal:
value -= leftVal
else:
value += leftVal
rightVal = leftVal
return value
romanStr = input("Enter a Roman Number : ")
print(roman2Dec(romanStr))

Output:
Enter a Roman Number : XVII
17
Enter a Roman Number : MLXVI
1066
 Program 5

Aim: Demonstration of pattern recognition with and without using regular expressions
a) Write a function called is phone number () to recognize a pattern 415-555-4242 without using regular
expression and also write the code to recognize the same pattern using regular expression.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re

def isphonenumber(numStr):
if len(numStr) != 12:
return False
for i in range(len(numStr)):
if i==3 or i==7:
if numStr[i] != "-":
return False
else:
if numStr[i].isdigit() == False:
return False
return True

def chkphonenumber(numStr):
ph_no_pattern = re.compile(r'^\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}$')
if ph_no_pattern.match(numStr):
return True
else:
return False

ph_num = input("Enter a phone number : ")

print("Without using Regular Expression")
if isphonenumber(ph_num):
print("Valid phone number")
else:
print("Invalid phone number")

print("Using Regular Expression")

if chkphonenumber(ph_num):
print("Valid phone number")
else:
print("Invalid phone number")

Output:

Enter a phone number : 444-654-5656

Without using Regular Expression
Valid phone number
Using Regular Expression
Valid phone number

Enter a phone number : 45A4-444-878

Without using Regular Expression
Invalid phone number
Using Regular Expression
Invalid phone number
 b) Develop a python program that could search the text in a file for phone numbers (+919900889977) and
email addresses (sample@gmail.com)

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import re

# Define the regular expression for phone numbers

phone_regex = re.compile(r'\+\d{12}')
email_regex = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z0-9._]+@[A-Za-z0-9]+\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}')
# Open the file for reading
with open('example.txt', 'r') as f:
# Loop through each line in the file
for line in f:
# Search for phone numbers in the line
matches = phone_regex.findall(line)
# Print any matches found
for match in matches:
print(match)

matches = email_regex.findall(line)
# Print any matches found
for match in matches:
print(match)

Output:

+918151894220
+829392938876
+918768456234
prakash81.82@gmail.in
 Program 6

Aim: Demonstration of reading, writing and organizing files.

a) Write a python program to accept a file name from the user and perform the following operations
1. Display the first N line of the file
2. Find the frequency of occurrence of the word accepted from the user in the file

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os.path
import sys

fname = input("Enter the filename : ")

if not os.path.isfile(fname):
print("File", fname, "doesn't exists")
sys.exit(0)

infile = open(fname, "r")

lineList = infile.readlines()

for i in range(20):
print(i+1, ":", lineList[i])

word = input("Enter a word : ")

cnt = 0
for line in lineList:
cnt += line.count(word)

print("The word", word, "appears", cnt, "times in the file")

Output:
Enter the filename : example.txt
1 : this is phone number +918151894220
2 : no phone number here
3 : here we have one +829392938876
4 : we have an email prakash81.82@gmail.in and a number +918768456234
5 : nothing of that sort here
6 : Better hope the life-inspector doesn't come around while you have your
7 : life in such a mess.
8 : You can create your own opportunities this week. Blackmail a senior executive.
9 : Be different: conform.
10 : Be cheerful while you are alive.
11 : -- Phathotep, 24th Century B.C.
12 : Q: How many journalists does it take to screw in a light bulb?
13 : A: Three. One to report it as an inspired government program to bring
14 : light to the people, one to report it as a diabolical government plot
15 : to deprive the poor of darkness, and one to win a Pulitzer prize for
16 : reporting that Electric Company hired a light bulb-assassin to break
17 : the bulb in the first place.
18 : Q: Why did the astrophysicist order three hamburgers?
19 : A: Because he was hungry.
20 : Q: Why haven't you graduated yet?
Enter a word : the
The word the appears 7 times in the file
 b) Write a python program to create a ZIP file of a particular folder which contains several files inside it.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
import sys
import pathlib
import zipfile

dirName = input("Enter Directory name that you want to backup : ")

if not os.path.isdir(dirName):
print("Directory", dirName, "doesn't exists")
sys.exit(0)

curDirectory = pathlib.Path(dirName)

with zipfile.ZipFile("myZip.zip", mode="w") as archive:

for file_path in curDirectory.rglob("*"):
archive.write(file_path, arcname=file_path.relative_to(curDirectory))

if os.path.isfile("myZip.zip"):
print("Archive", "myZip.zip", "created successfully")
else:
print("Error in creating zip archive")

Output:

Enter Directory name that you want to backup : zipDemo

Archive myZip.zip created successfully
 Program 7

Aim: Demonstration of the concepts of classes, methods, objects and inheritance

a) By using the concept of inheritance write a python program to find the area of triangle, circle and
rectangle.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import math

class Shape:
def __init__(self):
self.area = 0
self.name = ""

def showArea(self):
print("The area of the", self.name, "is", self.area, "units")

class Circle(Shape):
def __init__(self,radius):
self.area = 0
self.name = "Circle"
self.radius = radius

def calcArea(self):
self.area = math.pi * self.radius * self.radius

class Rectangle(Shape):
def __init__(self,length,breadth):
self.area = 0
self.name = "Rectangle"
self.length = length
self.breadth = breadth

def calcArea(self):
self.area = self.length * self.breadth

class Triangle(Shape):
def __init__(self,base,height):
self.area = 0
self.name = "Triangle"
self.base = base
self.height = height

def calcArea(self):
self.area = self.base * self.height / 2

c1 = Circle(5)
c1.calcArea()
c1.showArea()
r1 = Rectangle(5, 4)
r1.calcArea()
r1.showArea()
t1 = Triangle(3, 4)
t1.calcArea()
t1.showArea()
Output:

The area of the Circle is 78.53981633974483 units

The area of the Rectangle is 20 units
The area of the Triangle is 6.0 units

b) Write a python program by creating a class called Employee to store the details of Name, Employee_ID,
Department and Salary, and implement a method to update salary of employees belonging to a given
department.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Employee:
def __init__(self):
self.name = ""
self.empId = ""
self.dept = ""
self.salary = 0

def getEmpDetails(self):
self.name = input("Enter Employee name : ")
self.empId = input("Enter Employee ID : ")
self.dept = input("Enter Employee Dept : ")
self.salary = int(input("Enter Employee Salary : "))

def showEmpDetails(self):
print("Employee Details")
print("Name : ", self.name)
print("ID : ", self.empId)
print("Dept : ", self.dept)
print("Salary : ", self.salary)

def updtSalary(self):
self.salary = int(input("Enter new Salary : "))
print("Updated Salary", self.salary)

e1 = Employee()
e1.getEmpDetails()
e1.showEmpDetails()
e1.updtSalary()

Output:

Enter Employee name : Sameer

Enter Employee ID : A123
Enter Employee Dept : CSE
Enter Employee Salary : 85750

Employee Details
Name : Sameer
ID : A123
Dept : CSE
Salary : 85750

Enter new Salary : 88800

Updated Salary 88800
 Program 8

Aim: Demonstration of classes and methods with polymorphism and overriding

a) Write a python program to find the whether the given input is palindrome or not (for both string and
integer) using the concept of polymorphism and inheritance.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class PaliStr:
def __init__(self):
self.isPali = False

def chkPalindrome(self, myStr):

if myStr == myStr[::-1]:
self.isPali = True
else:
self.isPali = False

return self.isPali

class PaliInt(PaliStr):
def __init__(self):
self.isPali = False

def chkPalindrome(self, val):

temp = val
rev = 0
while temp != 0:
dig = temp % 10
rev = (rev*10) + dig
temp = temp //10

if val == rev:
self.isPali = True
else:
self.isPali = False

return self.isPali

st = input("Enter a string : ")

stObj = PaliStr()
if stObj.chkPalindrome(st):
print("Given string is a Palindrome")
else:
print("Given string is not a Palindrome")

val = int(input("Enter a integer : "))

intObj = PaliInt()
if intObj.chkPalindrome(val):
print("Given integer is a Palindrome")
else:
print("Given integer is not a Palindrome")
Output:

Enter a string : madam

Given string is a Palindrome
Enter a integer : 567587
Given integer is not a Palindrome

Enter a string : INDIA

Given string is not a Palindrome
Enter a integer : 6789876
Given integer is a Palindrome
 Program 9

Aim: Demonstration of working with excel spreadsheets and web scraping

a) Write a python program to download the all XKCD comics

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import requests
import os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# Set the URL of the first XKCD comic

url = 'https://xkcd.com/1/'

# Create a folder to store the comics

if not os.path.exists('xkcd_comics'):
os.makedirs('xkcd_comics')

# Loop through all the comics

while True:
# Download the page content
res = requests.get(url)
res.raise_for_status()

# Parse the page content using BeautifulSoup

soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')

# Find the URL of the comic image

comic_elem = soup.select('#comic img')
if comic_elem == []:
print('Could not find comic image.')
else:
comic_url = 'https:' + comic_elem[0].get('src')

# Download the comic image

print(f'Downloading {comic_url}...')
res = requests.get(comic_url)
res.raise_for_status()

# Save the comic image to the xkcd_comics folder

image_file = open(os.path.join('xkcd_comics', os.path.basename(comic_url)), 'wb')
for chunk in res.iter_content(100000):
image_file.write(chunk)
image_file.close()

# Get the URL of the previous comic

prev_link = soup.select('a[rel="prev"]')[0]
if not prev_link:
break
url = 'https://xkcd.com' + prev_link.get('href')

print('All comics downloaded.')

Output:

Downloading https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/barrel_cropped_(1).jpg...
Downloading https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/radians_are_cursed.png...
Downloading https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/presents_for_biologists.png...
Downloading https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/launch_window.png...
Downloading https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/obituary_editor.png...
Downloading https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/fanservice.png...
Downloading https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/hand_dryers.png...

b) Demonstrate python program to read the data from the spreadsheet and write the data in to the
spreadsheet

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active
sheet.title = "Language"
wb.create_sheet(title = "Capital")

lang = ["Kannada", "Telugu", "Tamil"]

state = ["Karnataka", "Telangana", "Tamil Nadu"]
capital = ["Bengaluru", "Hyderabad", "Chennai"]
code =['KA', 'TS', 'TN']

sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).value = "State"

sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 2).value = "Language"
sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 3).value = "Code"

ft = Font(bold=True)
for row in sheet["A1:C1"]:
for cell in row:
cell.font = ft

for i in range(2,5):
sheet.cell(row = i, column = 1).value = state[i-2]
sheet.cell(row = i, column = 2).value = lang[i-2]
sheet.cell(row = i, column = 3).value = code[i-2]

wb.save("demo.xlsx")

sheet = wb["Capital"]

sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).value = "State"

sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 2).value = "Capital"
sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 3).value = "Code"

ft = Font(bold=True)
for row in sheet["A1:C1"]:
for cell in row:
cell.font = ft

for i in range(2,5):
sheet.cell(row = i, column = 1).value = state[i-2]
sheet.cell(row = i, column = 2).value = capital[i-2]
sheet.cell(row = i, column = 3).value = code[i-2]
wb.save("demo.xlsx")

srchCode = input("Enter state code for finding capital ")

for i in range(2,5):
data = sheet.cell(row = i, column = 3).value
if data == srchCode:
print("Corresponding capital for code", srchCode, "is", sheet.cell(row = i, column = 2).value)

sheet = wb["Language"]

srchCode = input("Enter state code for finding language ")

for i in range(2,5):
data = sheet.cell(row = i, column = 3).value
if data == srchCode:
print("Corresponding language for code", srchCode, "is", sheet.cell(row = i, column = 2).value)

wb.close()

Output:

Enter state code for finding capital KA

Corresponding capital for code KA is Bengaluru
Enter state code for finding language TS
Corresponding language for code TS is Telugu
 Program 10

Aim: Demonstration of working with PDF, word and JSON files

a) Write a python program to combine select pages from many PDFs

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyPDF2 import PdfWriter, PdfReader

num = int(input("Enter page number you want combine from multiple documents "))
pdf1 = open('birds.pdf', 'rb')
pdf2 = open('birdspic.pdf', 'rb')
pdf_writer = PdfWriter()
pdf1_reader = PdfReader(pdf1)
page = pdf1_reader.pages[num - 1]
pdf_writer.add_page(page)
pdf2_reader = PdfReader(pdf2)
page = pdf2_reader.pages[num - 1]
pdf_writer.add_page(page)
with open('output.pdf', 'wb') as output:
pdf_writer.write(output)

Output:

Enter page number you want combine from multiple documents 3

 b) Write a python program to fetch current weather data from the JSON file
Python File

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import json

# Load the JSON data from file

with open('weather_data.json') as f:
data = json.load(f)

# Extract the required weather data

current_temp = data['main']['temp']
humidity = data['main']['humidity']
weather_desc = data['weather'][0]['description']

# Display the weather data

print(f"Current temperature: {current_temp}°C")
print(f"Humidity: {humidity}%")
print(f"Weather description: {weather_desc}")

JSON File

{
"coord": {
"lon": -73.99,
"lat": 40.73
},
"weather": [
{
"id": 800,
"main": "Clear",
"description": "clear sky",
"icon": "01d"
}
],
"base": "stations",
"main": {
"temp": 15.45,
"feels_like": 12.74,
"temp_min": 14.44,
"temp_max": 16.11,
"pressure": 1017,
"humidity": 64
},
"visibility": 10000,
"wind": {
"speed": 4.63,
"deg": 180
},
"clouds": {
"all": 1
},
"dt": 1617979985,
"sys": {
"type": 1,
 "id": 5141,
"country": "US",
"sunrise": 1617951158,
"sunset": 1618000213
},
"timezone": -14400,
"id": 5128581,
"name": "New York",
"cod": 200
}

Output:

Current temperature: 15.45°C

Humidity: 64%
Weather description: clear sky