Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Input Unit

1. Which unit is responsible for converting the data received from the user into computer
understandable format?
a) Memory Unit b) Arithmetic & Logic Unit c) Input Unit d) Output Unit
Explanation: The Input Unit converts the data, which the user enters into a language which the
computer understands, i.e. it converts the data into binary format. The Output Unit is responsible for
giving the results in user-understandable format. The Storage Unit is responsible for storing the data
after immediate results of processing whereas; the ALU is responsible for various arithmetic and
bitwise operations.
2. The only language which the computer understands is ______________
a) Assembly Language b) Binary Language c) BASIC d) C Language
Explanation: The Computer understands only binary language which is written in the form of 0s &
1s. A computer can understand assembly language but an assembler is required which converts the
assembly language to binary language. Similarly, for understanding high level languages,
compilers/interpreters are required.
3. The smallest unit of data in computer is ________________
a) Byte b) Nibble c) Bit d) KB
Explanation: A bit is defined as the smallest unit of data in a computer system. It is used as a short
form of Binary Digit. A bit can have only two values 0 or 1. A nibble comprises of 4 bits, a byte is
a collection of 8 bits whereas KB (Kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes.
4. One nibble is equivalent to how many bits? a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) 1
Explanation: A nibble is defined as a unit of data which comprises of 4 binary digits or half of 8-bit
byte. Therefore, 1 nibble = 4 bits. A bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer system. A byte = 8
bits, therefore, half of a byte=4 bits=a nibble.
5. Which of the following describes the correct format of an input instruction?
a) IN 82 b) INPUT 82 c) INP 82 d) 82 INP
Explanation: The input/output instructions are used to transfer information between external
peripherals and the CPU. The correct format of an input instruction is: IN 8-bit port address. Here,
IN 82 is the correct option, where 82 is the designated port address. All the other options are invalid.
6. The input machine which originated in the United States around 1880s is a ___________
a) Mouse b) Joystick c) Keyboard d) Bar Code Reader
Explanation: A keyboard is an input device which originated in the 1880s and is used to give
instructions to the computer in the form of letters and numbers. Mouse is used for the selection of
various objects on the screen, joystick is mainly used for gaming purpose and bar code readers are
used for reading the bar-codes.
7. What does the COMPUTER stands for?
a) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
b) Commonly Occupied Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
c) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Environmental Research
d) Commonly Oriented Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
Explanation: The word COMPUTER is an abbreviation for the terms “Commonly Operated
Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research”. The word COMPUTER also relates to the
word COMPUTE which means to calculate. So, initially it was thought that a computer is a device
which is used to perform calculations.
8. 1 yottabyte = ______________
a) 1024 TB b) 1024 EB c) 1024 ZB d) 1024 PB
Explanation: 1 yottabyte is equal to 1024 ZB, which stands for zettabyte. Further, 1 ZB=1024 EB
(exabyte) and and 1 EB=1024PB (petabyte).
9. Which of the following is not a function of the Input Unit?
a) It reads instructions and data from the outside world.
b) It converts the data into computer acceptable format.
c) It makes the data into user understandable format.
d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer for further processing.
Explanation: The input unit converts the data into computer understandable format i.e. binary
format and not the user understandable format. It is the duty of the output unit to make the data into
user understandable format.
10. Label the parts 1 and 2:
a) 1.ALU 2. MU b) 1.Output unit 2.Input Unit
c) 1.MU 2. ALU d) 1.Input Unit 2.Output
Unit
View Answer
Explanation: The above diagram is a simple explanation which describes how the instruction is
given to the CPU, how it is processed, and then how the result is obtained. So here, the input unit is
used to give instructions to the central processing unit and the output unit is responsible for giving
the result to the user.
Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Output Unit
1. The process of producing useful information for the user is called ___________
a) Controlling b) Outputting c) Inputting d) Processing
Explanation: The Output Unit is responsible for giving the results to the user in the form of a
printed report or visual display. The process is referred to as outputting. Controlling is nothing but
the manner and sequence in which the instructions are being operated. Inputting means giving
instructions to the system whereas, processing means performing certain operations and
calculations.
2. The output unit coverts the data entered by the user into computer understandable form.
a) True b) False
Explanation: The Output unit is responsible for converting the computer obtained data into user
understandable format. The Input Unit is responsible for converting the data in computer
understandable format.
3. VDU stands for __________
a) Virtual Display Unit b) Visual Display Unit c) Virtual Detection Unit
d) Visual Detection Unit
Explanation: A Visual Display unit is also referred to as the monitor who basically is used to give
the results or outputs to the user. It comprises of a cathode ray tube internally.
4. What does SVGA stands for? a) Standard Visual Graphics Array
b) Super Visual Graphics Array c) Standard Video Graphics Array d) Super Video
Graphics Array
Explanation: Super Video Graphics Array is a type of Visual Display Unit. It supports 1024 by 768
pixels with 60,000 different colors.
5. The devices that used to give single or multiple colored images and drawings are ____________
a) Monitors b) Printers c) Plotters d) VDUs
Explanation: Plotters are the devices which are used to give colored images. They use ink pens or
ink jets for drawing. Pens of different colors and shades are used for shading and styling.
6. A special request originated from some device to the CPU to acquire some of its time is called
___________ a) Disturbance b) Attenuation c) Interrupt d) Noise
Explanation: An interrupt is a kind of request which takes control of the system bus for some time,
then performs all the operations and gives back control to the CPU. It is usually identified by some
number and is handled by the interrupt controller.
7. Line Printers that print one line at a time are _________
a) Laser Printers b) Inkjet Printers c) Drum Printers d) Chain
Printers
Explanation: The drum printers have a solid cylindrical drum with characters embossed on its
surface in the form of circular bands. It can only print a predefined set of characters.
8. A ___________________ monitor looks like a television and are normally used with non-
portable computer systems.
a) CRT b) LCD c) LED d) Flat Panel Monitors
Explanation: A CRT (or the Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor looks like a television ideally. The flat
panel monitors are thinner and lighter in comparison.
9. Which of the following is not a function of the Output Unit?
a) It produces results that can be easily understood by the user b) It accepts the results
produced by the computer
c) It supplies the data and instructions to the outside world
d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer for further processing
Explanation: The output unit is responsible for giving the results to the user in the form of printed
report or visual display. It is not responsible for giving the instructions back to the CPU for
processing.
10. PCI stands for _________ a) Peripheral Component Interconnectb) Partial
Component Interconnect
c) Peripheral Component Interaction d) Partial Component Interaction
Explanation: PCI is a high-bandwidth bus that can function as a peripheral bus. Compared with
others, it delivers better system performance.
Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Storage Unit
1. Components that provide internal storage to the CPU are ______
a) Registers b) Program Counters c) Controllers d) Internal chips
Explanation: The Registers are the fast storage units. They are responsible for storing intermediate
computational results in the CPU. The registers can be user accessible or inaccessible.
2. Saving data and instructions to make them readily available is the job of __________
a) Storage Unit b) Cache Unit c) Input Unit d) Output Unit
Explanation: The storage unit is responsible for storing the data. It makes the instructions readily
available for additional or initial processing whenever required. The cache is a software component
that stores data to serve the data requests in future. It can contain the result of some earlier
computations.
3. The two basic types of memory in a computer are ________
a) Primary and major b) Primary and Secondary
c) Minor and Major d) Main and virtual
Explanation: There are two types of memories in a computer system: The
Primary Memory and the Secondary Memory.
The primary memory can be directly accessed by the CPU whereas the secondary
memory cannot be directly accessed.

4. Which of the following is used to hold running program instructions?

a) Primary Storag b) Virtual Storage c) Internal Storage d) Minor
Devices
Explanation: The primary storage is responsible for holding the data, intermediate results and the
results of ongoing processes or jobs. Virtual storage is the main memory storage required for saving
large amount of data for future reference. The other options are invalid.
5. Which of the following is non-volatile storage?
a) Backup b) Secondary c) Primary d) Cache
Explanation: The secondary storage is the non-volatile storage unit because the data is not lost
when the power supply is dissipated. Primary memory is the volatile memory.
6. Which of the following is used in main memory?
a) SRAM b) DRAM c) PRAM d) DDR
Explanation: DRAM stands for dynamic random access memory. It is denser than SDRAM (Static)
and therefore it is used in the main memory. They are in the form of semiconductor RAMs.
7. Which of the following are types of ROMs?
a) SROM & DROM
b) PROM & EPROM
c) Only one type there is no further classification
d) PROM & EROM
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: There are two types of Read Only Memories: PROM i.e., Programmable ROM &
EPROM i.e., Erasable Programmable ROM. When only a small number of ROMs with a particular
memory content is needed, PROM is used and in case of EPROM, all the contents of the storage
cells must be erased before the write operation.
8. RAID stands for __________
a) Redundant array of independent disks
b) Redundant array of individual disks
c) Reusable Array of independent disks
d) Reusable array of individual disks
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: RAID is a multiple-disk database design which is viewed as a single logical disk by
the operating system. Data are distributed across the physical drives of the array. It guarantees the
recovery of data in case of data failure.
9. A non-erasable disk that stores digitized audio information is _____
a) CD
b) CD-ROM
c) DVD-R
d) DVD-RW
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A compact disk stores digitized audio information. The standard system uses 12 cm
disks and can record more than 60 minutes of uninterrupted playing game.
10. The first practical form of Random Access Memory was the __________
a) SSEM
b) Cathode Ray Tube
c) William’s Tube
d) Thomas’s Tube
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The first practical form of RAM was the William’s Tube made in 1947. It stored data
as electrically charged spots on the face of a Cathode Ray Tube.
Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Arithmetic & Logic Unit
This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“The Arithmetic & Logic Unit”.
1. The ‘heart’ of the processor which performs many different operations _____________
a) Arithmetic and logic unit
b) Motherboard
c) Control Unit
d) Memory
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Arithmetic and logic unit performs all the basic operations of the computer
system. It performs all the arithmetic(+,-,*,/,etc) as well as the logical operations( AND, OR, NOT,
etc.).
2. ALU is the place where the actual executions of instructions take place during processing
operation.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ALU is a combinational electronic circuit which basically performs all the logical or
the bitwise operations and the arithmetic operations. Therefore, it is the place where the actual
executions of instructions take place.
3. Which of the following is not a bitwise operator?
a) |
b) ^
c) .
d) <<
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: All except the dot(.) operator are bitwise operators.
| : Bitwise OR
^ : Bitwise XOR
<< : Shift Left
4. The sign magnitude representation of -1 is __________
a) 0001
b) 1110

c) 1000

d) 1001

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The first leftmost bit i.e. the most significant bit in the sign magnitude represents if the number is positive or negative. If the MSB is 1, the
number is negative else if it is 0, the number is positive. Here, +1=0001 and for -1=1001.

5. IEEE stands for ___________

a) Instantaneous Electrical Engineering

b) Institute of Emerging Electrical Engineers

c) Institute of Emerging Electronic Engineers

d) Institute of Electrical and electronics engineers

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The IEEE is an organization of professionals in the field of electronics and electrical engineering. IEEE has given certain standards of its own
which are followed in the field of computer science and electrical engineering.

6. The ALU gives the output of the operations and the output is stored in the ________

a) Memory Devices

b) Registers

c) Flags
d) Output Unit

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Any output generated by the ALU gets stored in the registers. The registers are the temporary memory locations within the processor that are
connected by signal paths to the CPU.

7. The process of division on memory spaces is called ______________

a) Paging

b) Segmentation

c) Bifurcation

d) Dynamic Division

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The memory space is divided into segments of dynamic size. The programmer is aware of the segmentation and can reallocate the segments
accordingly.

8. Number of bits in ALU is _________

a) 4

b) 8

c) 16

d) 2

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Arithmetic and Logic Unit consists of 16bits. They perform certain Arithmetic and bitwise operations (add, subtract, AND, OR, XOR, Increment,
decrement, shift).

9. Which flag indicates the number of 1 bit that results from an operation?

a) Zero

b) Parity

c) Auxiliary

d) Carry

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The parity flag indicates the number of 1 bits in any operation. The resultant bit is called the parity bit. The main aim of the parity bit is to check
for errors.

10. The bitwise complement of 0 is ___________

a) 00000001

b) 10000000

c) 11111111

d) 11111110

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Bitwise complement is basically used to convert all the 0 digits to 1 and the 1s to 0s.
So, for 0 = 00000000(in 8-bits) ::: 11111111(1s complement). The bitwise complement is often referred to as the 1s complement.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Control Unit

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “The Control Unit”.

1. ____________ is the raw material used as input and __________ is the processed data obtained as output of data processing.

a) Data, Instructions

b) Instructions, Program

c) Data, Program
d) Program, Code

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Data can be assumed as a raw material which , in turns after processing gives the desired output in the form of instructions. Further, a set of
ordered and meaningful instructions is known as a program.

2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a computer?

a) Diligence

b) I.Q.

c) Accuracy

d) Versatility

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Computer system has no I.Q. of its own. It does only what it is programmed to do. It cannot take decisions of its own.
A computer is diligent, because it can work continuously for hours without getting any errors or without getting grumbled.
Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and its level of accuracy depends on its design. A computer can perform any task if, it can be broken down into a
series of logical steps. Therefore, a computer is versatile.

3. Fill in the blank in the diagram.

a) Input Unit

b) Memory Unit

c) Control Unit

d) I/O Unit

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The control unit manages and coordinates the operations of a computer system. The ALU is responsible for performing all the arithmetic and
bitwise operations . Therefore, both these units combine to form the brain of the computer ,which is the central processing unit.

4. The part of a processor which contains hardware necessary to perform all the operations required by a computer:

a) Data path

b) Controller

c) Registers

d) Cache

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A processor is a part of the computer which does all the data manipulation and decision making. A processor comprises of:
A data path which contains the hardware necessary to perform all the operations. A controller tells the data path what needs to be done.
The registers act as intermediate storage for the data.

5. What does MAR stand for?

a) Main Address Register

b) Memory Access Register

c) Main Accessible Register

d) Memory Address Register

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: MAR is a type of register which is responsible for the fetch operation. MAR is connected to the address bus and it specifies the address for the
read and write operations.

6. If the control signals are generated by combinational logic, then they are generated by a type of _______________ controlled unit.

a) Micro programmed

b) Software

c) Logic

d) Hardwired

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The main task of a control unit is to generate control signals. There are two main types of control units:
A hardwired control unit generates control signals by using combinational logic circuits and the Micro programmed control unit generates control signals by
using some softwares.

7. Which is the simplest method of implementing hardwired control unit?

a) State Table Method

b) Delay Element Method

c) Sequence Counter Method

d) Using Circuits

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There are 3 ways of implementing hardwired control unit:
A state table is the simplest method in which a number of circuits are designed based on the cells in the table.
A delay element method consists of a flowchart drawn for the circuit. A D-flip flop is used as a delay element.
A sequence counter method used k-modulo counter as a replacement for k delay elements.

8. A set of microinstructions for a single machine instruction is called ___________

a) Program

b) Command

c) Micro program

d) Micro command

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For every micro-operation, a set of microinstructions are written which indicate the control signals to be activated. A set of microinstructions is a
micro program. The address of the next microinstruction is given by a Micro-program counter.

9. Micro-program consists of a set of microinstructions which are strings of 0s and 1s.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The computer understands only binary language. So, the micro-program should have instructions which are in the form of 0s and 1s. Each
output line of the micro-program corresponds to one control signal.

10. A decoder is required in case of a ______________

a) Vertical Microinstruction

b) Horizontal Microinstruction

c) Multilevel Microinstruction

d) All types of microinstructions

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of microinstructions : Horizontal and Vertical.
In a horizontal microinstruction, each bit represents a signal to be activated whereas, in case of a vertical microinstruction bits are decoded and, the decoder
then produces signals.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Positional & Non-Positional Number System
This set of Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers for Freshers focuses on “Positional & Non-Positional Number System”.

1. Which of the following is not a type of number system?

a) Positional

b) Non-Positional

c) Octal

d) Fractional

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: There are two main types of number systems : Positional & Non-positional.
Positional System uses digits for the representation whereas, non-positional number systems uses certain symbols for the representation of numbers. Octal
is a type of positional number systems with base 8.

2. How is the number 5 represented in non-positional number sysytem?

a) IIIII

b) 5

c) V

d) v

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a non-positional number system, 1 is represented as I, 2 as II, 3 as III, 4 as IIII and therefore, 5 is represented as IIIII. This number system
uses symbols for the representation of digits.

3. Base is the total number of digits in a number system.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true. In a positional number system, base is the number of digits the system comprises. For example, a binary number system
comprises of only 2 digits , 0 and 1, therefore its base is 2. Similarly, the decimal system comprises of 10 digits 0 to 9,therefore its base is 10.

4. The LSB and MSB of 1243247 are ____ and ____

a) 1, 7

b) 4, 7

c) 7, 1

d) 4, 1

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The LSB or the least significant bit is the rightmost digit at the zeros position. The MSB or the most significant bit is the leftmost digit.

5. A device that uses positional notation to represent a decimal number.

a) Abacus

b) Calculator

c) Pascaline

d) Computer

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Abacus was used to doing arithmetic calculations around 2500 years ago. Pascaline was the pascal’s calculator by Blaise Pascal invented for
doing laborious calculations.

6. The 2’s complement of 5 is ______________

a) 1011

b) 0101

c) 1010
d) 0011

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to the 1s complement of a number. The 1’s complement of 5(0101) is 1010. For 2’s complement :
1010+1=1011.

7. What does BCD stand for?

a) Bitwise coded decimal

b) Binary coded decimal

c) Binary converted decimal

d) Bitwise Converted Decimal

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: BCD is the binary coded decimal form of representation of numbers in 4 bits.E.g. The BCD representation of 5 is 0101. BCD representation of
22 is 00100010.

8. 1 zettabyte = ______________

a) 1024 TB

b) 1024 EB

c) 1024 ZB

d) 1024 PB

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 1 ZB=1024 EB(exabyte)
1 EB=1024PB(petabyte)
1 YB(yottabyte)=1024ZB.

9. Perfrom BCD addition: 2+3= _______________

a) 0010

b) 0011

c) 0101

d) 1010

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: BCD of 2 =0010
BCD of 3=0011
0010+0011=0101
Therefore, 2+3=0101(5).

10. ASCII stands for _____________________

a) American standard code for information interchange

b) American scientific code for information interchange

c) American scientific code for international interchange

d) American standard code of international interchange

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ASCII is an encoding standard which is used for communications worldwide. ASCII codes are allotted to digits, special characters and alphabets
for data communication purpose.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Decimal Number System

This set of Computer Fundamentals Interview Questions and Answers for freshers focuses on “The Decimal Number System”.

1. The value of base in a decimal number system is ____________

a) 8

b) 2
c) 10

d) 16

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A decimal number system consists of 10 digits from 0 to 9.
The definition of base describes it as a quantity to represent the number of digits present in that particular number system.
Therefore, here, the base is 10.

2. Convert : (110) = ( __ ) .
2 10

a) 4

b) 5

c) 6

d) 9

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The base 2 represents that the number is binary ,whereas, the base 10 represents that it is to be converted to the decimal format.
Conversion: 22 * 1 + 21 * 1 + 20 *0 = 6.

3. The 2’s complement of 15 is ____________

a) 0000

b) 0001

c) 0010

d) 0100

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to the 1’s complement of the number.
Here, Binary of 15 = 1111
1’s complement of 15= 0000
2’s complement of 15= 0000+1=0001.

4. Another name for base is __________

a) root

b) radix

c) entity

d) median

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Another name for base is radix. Base refers to the number of digits that a particular number system consists of.
The base of decimal number system is 10 , binary is 2 and so on.

5. The decimal equivalent of (0.101) will be ____________

2

a) 0.5

b) 0.625

c) 0.25

d) 0.875

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Since the base is 2 , it could be easily guessed that the number is binary. Conversion: 2 -1 * 1 + 2-2 * 0 + 2-3 * 1 = 0.625.

6.The signed magnitude for -3 will be ___________

a) 00000011

b) 10000011

c) 11111101

d) 11111100

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Signed Magnitude of a number is a representation to determine if the number is positive or negative.
If the MSB of a number is 0 , the number is positive , else if it is 1 the number is negative.
Here, +3 = 00000011
-3= 100000011.

7. A number with both integer and a fractional part has digits raised to both positive and negative powers of 2 in a decimal number system.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a decimal number system, a number with both integer and a fractional part has digits raised to both positive and negative powers of 10 and
not 2.
e.g. 22.34 = 2 * 101 + 2 * 100 + 3 * 10-1 + 4 * 10-2.

8. The hexadecimal representation of 14 is _______________

a) A

b) F

c) D

d) E

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The hexadecimal representations are as follows:
10 : A
11 : B
12 : C
13 : D
14 : E
15 : F.

9. Which of the following is not a decimal number?

a) 114

b) 43.47

c) 99.9A

d) 10101

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: All the numbers except 99.9A are decimal numbers.
This number has a hexadecimal component A in it therefore , it is not a valid decimal number.
The decimal equivalent of A is 10.

10. Select the incorrect option :

a) (101) = (1100101)
10 2

b) G is valid in hexadecimal system.

c) C represents 12

d) The base of a decimal number system is 10.

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: G is not a valid hexadecimal number. In this system , only representations from A to E are used to represent the numbers from 10 to 15. The
base of the hexadecimal number system is 16.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Binary Number System

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “The Binary Number System”.

1. Which of the following is not a positional number system?

a) Roman Number System

b) Octal Number System

c) Binary Number System

d) Hexadecimal Number System

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Roman number system isn’t a positional number system since , it uses symbols to represent numbers.
The octal number system uses digits from 0-7 , the binary number system uses digits from 0-1 whereas, the hexadecimal number system uses digits from 0-
15.

2. The value of radix in binary number system is _____________

a) 2

b) 8

c) 10

d) 1

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a binary number system, the value of base or radix is 2. The binary system uses only two digits for the representation of numbers, therefore
its base id chosen to be 2.

3. The binary equivalent of the decimal number 10 is __________

a) 0010

b) 10

c) 1010

d) 010

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To get the binary equivalent of any number, we need to divide the number by 2 and obtain the remainders as :

We then write the remainders in the reverse order as 1010 .

4. A computer language that is written in binary codes only is _____

a) machine language

b) C

c) C#

d) pascal

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Machine Language is written in binary codes only . It can be easily understood by the computer and is very difficult for us to understand. A
machine language , unlike other languages requires no translators or interpreters.

5. The octal equivalent of 1100101.001010 is ______

a) 624.12

b) 145.12

c) 154.12

d) 145.21

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The octal equivalent is obtained by grouping the numbers into three, from right to left before decimal and from right to left after the decimal
place.
Here,
i.e. 145.12 is the octal equivalent of the number.

6. The input hexadecimal representation of 1110 is _______________

a) 0111

b) E

c) 15

d) 14

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In hexadecimal number system, 1110 = 15, which is represented by the alphabet E.
Some representations are:
A 10
B 11
C 12
D 13
E 14
F 15.

7. A bit in a computer terminology means either 0 or 1.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A bit stands for a binary digit. A binary digit can have only two digits i.e. 0 or 1. A binary number consisting of n-bits is called a n-bit number.

8. Convert the binary equivalent 10101 to its decimal equivalent.

a) 21

b) 12

c) 22

d) 31

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: To convert a binary number to its decimal equivalent follow these steps :
24 * 1 + 23 * 0 + 22 *1 + 21 * 0 + 20 * 1 = 21.
Therefore, the answer is 21.

9. Which of the following is not a binary number?

a) 1111

b) 101

c) 11E

d) 000

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A binary number can have only two possible digits, 0 and 1. In the third option, there is an alphabet E present which makes it an invalid binary
number. Alphabets are only allowed in hexadecimal number system.

10. Which of the following is the correct representation of a binary number?

a) (124) 2

b) 1110

c) (110) 2
d) (000) 2

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The binary numbers should comprise only two digits 0 and 1.
Also, for the base, the value should be 2 and it should be written as a subscript enclosing the entire number. Here, the fourth option gives the correct
representation.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Octal Number System

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “The Octal Number System”.

1. What could be the maximum value of a single digit in an octal number system?

a) 8

b) 7

c) 6

d) 5

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The maximum value in any number system is one less than the value of base. The base in an octal number system is 8, therefore, the maximum
value of the single digit is 7. It takes digits from 0 to 7.

2. In a number system, each position of a digit represents a specific power of the base.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a number system, every digit is denoted by a specific power of base. Like in an octal system, consider the number 113, it will be represented
as :
82 * 1 + 81 * 1 + 80 *3.

3. The maximum number of bits sufficient to represent an octal number in binary is _______

a) 4

b) 3

c) 7

d) 8

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The octal number system comprises of only 8 digits. Hence, three bits (23 = 8) are sufficient to represent any octal number in the binary format.

4. The binary number 111 in octal format is ________________

a) 6

b) 7

c) 8

d) 5

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Certain binary to octal representations are :
000=0
001=1
010=2
011=3
100=4
101=5
110=6
111=7.

5. Convert (22) into its corresponding decimal number.

8

a) 28
b) 18

c) 81

d) 82

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To convert an octal number to decimal number:
81 * 2 + 80 * 2 = 16 + 2 = 18.
Hence, the decimal equivalent is 18.

6. The octal equivalent of the binary number (0010010100) is ______________

2

a) 422

b) 242

c) 224

d) 226

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To obtain the octal equivalent, we take numbers in groups of 3, from right to left as :
000 010 010 100

0 2 2 4 = (224)₈.

7. Octal subtraction of (232) from (417) will give ______________

8 8

a) 165

b) 185

c) 815

d) 516

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Octal subtraction is done as follows:
417
– 232
________
165
The octal subtraction is same as that of any other number system. The only difference is, like in a decimal number system, we borrow a group of 10, in a
binary system we borrow a group of 2, in an octal number system, we borrow in groups of 8.

8. The 1’s complement of 0.101 is _________________

a) 1.010

b) 0.010

c) 0.101

d) 1.101

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is obtained by reversing the bits with value 1 to 0 and the bits with value 0 to 1.
Here, 0.101 gets converted to 1.010 in its 1’s complement format.

9. Convert (5401) to hexadecimal.

8

a) A01

b) A02

c) B01

d) C01

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To convert octal to hexadecimal, we first write binary format of the number and then make groups of 4 bits from right to left, as follows:
5 4 0 1
101 100 000 001 (octal -> binary)
1011 0000 0001 ( groups of 4)
B 0 1 ( hexadecimal equivalent)

Therefore, the hexadecimal equivalent is (B01) . 16

10. Express the decimal format of the signed binary number (10010) 2 .

a) 2

b) 12

c) -12

d) -2

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The first bit is the sign bit whereas the rest of the bits are magnitude bits. So the number is: 0010 = 2 1 * 1 =2
But, the sign bit is 1, Therefore the answer is : (-2) 10.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – The Hexadecimal Number System

This set of Tough Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers focuses on “The Hexadecimal Number System”.

1. What does the symbol D represent in a hexadecimal number system?

a) 8

b) 16

c) 13

d) 14

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The symbols A, B, C, D, E and F represent 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively in a hexadecimal system. This system comprises of 15
numbers in total : digits from 0-9 and symbols from A to F.

2. ABC is a valid hexadecimal number.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a hexadecimal number system, alphabets are used for the representation of numbers from 10 to 15. Here, A represents 10, B represents 11
and C represents 12. Therefore, it is a valid hexadecimal number.

3. The maximum number of bits sufficient to represent a hexadecimal number in binary:

a) 4

b) 3

c) 7

d) 8

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The hexadecimal number system comprises of only 15 symbols : 10 digits and 5 symbols. Hence, three bits (2 4 = 16 ) are sufficient to represent
any hexadecimal number in the binary format.

4. The binary number 1110 in hexadecimal format is _____________

a) 6

b) E

c) 14

d) 15

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Certain binary to hexadecimal representations are :
1010=A
1011=B
1100=C
1101=D
1110=E
1111=F.

5. Convert (52) into its decimal equivalent.

16

a) 28

b) 83

c) 80

d) 82

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: To convert a hexadecimal number to decimal number:
161 * 5 + 160 * 2 = 80 + 2 = 82
Hence, the decimal equivalent is 82.

6. The hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number (0010010100) is : 2

a) 0B4

b) 0A4

c) 224

d) 0114

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To obtain the octal equivalent, we take numbers in groups of 3, from right to left as :

7. Hexadecimal Addition of (3A5) and (1B2) will give :

16 16

a) 165

b) 185

c) 815

d) 516

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Octal subtraction is done as follows:
3A5
+ 1B2
________
557
In hexadecimal addition of alphabets, we add the corresponding numbers they represent and then subtract the result from 16, then generate a carry of 1 to
the next set of numbers.
Here, 5+2=7
A+B=10+11=21-16=5
3+1+1(carry)=5.

8. The 2’s complement of 10.11 :

a) 10

b) 0.010

c) 01.01

d) 10.01

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is obtained by reversing the bits with value 1 to 0 and the bits with value 0 to 1. Here, 10.11 gets converted to
01.00 in its 1’s complement format. Further, to convert 1’s complement into 2’s, we add 1 to the result. Here, 01.00+1=10.00.

9. Convert (6532) to hexadecimal.

8

a) A01

b) A02

c) B01

d) C01

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To convert octal to hexadecimal, we first write binary format of the number and then make groups of 4 bits from right to left, as follows:
6 5 3 2
110 101 011 010 (octal -> binary)
1101 0101 1010 ( groups of 4)
D 5 A ( hexadecimal equivalent)

Therefore, the hexadecimal equivalent is (D5A) . 16

10. What do we call the point(decimal) in any hexadecimal number of the form 111.A3 ?

a) radix

b) hexadecimal point

c) decimal

d) octal point

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The decimal is often referred to as the hexadecimal point in hexadecimal representation of numbers.
It is referred to as the octal point in octal numbers.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Data Types

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Data Types”.

1. Which of the following is not a data type?

a) Symbolic Data

b) Alphanumeric Data

c) Numeric Data

d) Alphabetic Data

View Answer

2. *@Ac# is a type of ________________ data.

a) Symbolic

b) Alphanumeric

c) Alphabetic

d) Numeric

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Alphanumeric data consists of symbols. Alphanumeric data may be a letter, either in uppercase or lowercase or some special symbols like #,^,*,
(, etc.

3. Which of the following is not a valid representation in bits?

a) 8-bit

b) 24-bit

c) 32-bit
d) 64-bit

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no criteria like the 24-bit representation of numbers. Numbers can be written in 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit as per the IEEE format.

4. What are the entities whose values can be changed called?

a) Constants

b) Variables

c) Modules

d) Tokens

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Variables are the data entities whose values can be changed. Constants have a fixed value. Tokens are the words which are easily identified by
the compiler.

5. Which of the following is not a basic data type in C language?

a) float

b) int

c) real

d) char

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There are 5 basic data types in C language: int, char, float, double, void.
Int is for the representation of integers, char is for strings and characters, float and double are for floating point numbers whereas void is a valueless special
data type.

6. BOOLEAN is a type of data type which basically gives a tautology or fallacy.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A Boolean representation is for giving logical values. It returns either true or false. If a result gives a truth value, it is called tautology whereas if it
returns a false term, it is referred to as fallacy.

7. What does FORTRAN stands for?

a) Formula Transfer

b) Formula Transformation

c) Formula Translation

d) Format Transformation

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: FORTRAN is a type of computer language. It was developed for solving mathematical and scientific problems. It is very commonly used among
the scientific community.

8. The program written by the programmer in high level language is called _____________

a) Object Program

b) Source Program

c) Assembled Program

d) Compiled Program

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The program written by the programmer is called a source program. The program generated by the compiler after compilation is called an object
program. The object program is in machine language.

9. A standardized language used for commercial applications.

a) C
b) Java

c) COBOL

d) FORTRAN

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: COBOL is a language used in business and commercial applications. It stands for Common Business Oriented Language. It is imperative,
procedural as well as object oriented language.

10. ______________ define how the locations can be used.

a) Data types

b) Attributes

c) Links

d) Data Objects

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Attributes can determine how any location can be used. Attributes can be type, name, component, etc. Data objects are the variables and
constants in a program.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – BCD

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “BCD”.

1. A group of bits used to represent a symbol is called a ____________

a) byte

b) memory

c) nibble

d) code

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In binary coding, every symbol that appears in data is represented by a group of bits, which are called bytes. Computer codes use binary coding
schemes.

2. BCD uses 6 bits to represent a symbol.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a Binary Coded Decimal format, 64 characters i.e. 26 different characters can be represented. It is one of the early computer codes.

3. Which of the following is not a type of computer code?

a) EBCDIC

b) BCD

c) ASCII

d) EDIC

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: There is no coding scheme like EDIC. EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. BCD stands for Binary Coded
Decimal. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for information interchange.

4. The BCD representation of (34) is _______________

10

a) 6

b) 7

c) 8
d) 5

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: BCD numbers are represented as:
34 = (0011 0100)BCD.
Each digit is individually taken and an equivalent standard 4 bit term is written for the respective digit.

5. Perform BCD addition of (23) BCD + (20) BCD .

a) 00110100

b) 01000011

c) 10011

d) 11100

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To add any two BCD numbers :
Simply perform the addition : 23+20=43.
Then, write the equivalent BCD number = (0100 0011)BCD.

6. The weights used in Binary coded decimal code are:

a) 4,2,1

b) 8,4,2,1

c) 6,4,2,1

d) 2,1

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: BCD is a weighted code and it uses the weights 8,4,2,1 respectively. It is often called the 8421 code. Since, it uses 4 bits for the representation
therefore the weights are assigned as : 23 = 8, 22 = 4, 21 = 2, 20 = 1.

7. Write the decimal equivalent for (110001) . BCD

a) 31

b) 13

c) C1

d) 1C

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: To obtain the decimal equivalent :
We start from the rightmost bit and make groups of 4, then write the decimal equivalent accordingly.
0011 0001 = (31)10.

8. The 9’s complement of 45 is _____________

a) 45

b) 54

c) 64

d) 46

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The 9’s complement of a number is obtained by subtracting each digit from 9. Here, 99-45=54. Therefore, the 9’s complement is 54.

9. The 10’s complement of 455 is _________

a) 543

b) 544

c) 545

d) 546

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To obtain the 10’s complement, we first obtain the 9’s complement and then add 1 to it.
999-455=544 (9’s)
544+1=545(10’s).

10. The Excess-3 representation of (0100) BCD is __________

a) 0110

b) 1110

c) 0111

d) 1100

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The excess-3 code is obtained by adding 3 to the BCD code.
Here, 0100+0011=0111.
Also, 4+3=7.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – EBCDIC

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “EBCDIC”.

1. What does EBCDIC stand for?

a) Extended Binary Converted Decimal Intermediate Code

b) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Intermediate Code

c) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

d) Extended Binary Converted Decimal Interchange Code

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: EBCDIC is the Extended BCD interchange code. It uses 8 bits to represent a symbol. It can represent 256 different characters.

2. In EBCDIC, a maximum of 128 different characters can be represented.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: EBCDIC uses 8 bits for representation. Therefore, 2 8 i.e., 256 different characters can be represented and not 128. Thus, the above statement is
false.

3. The EBCDIC code for the character A is ______________

a) digit : 1100 zone : 0001

b) digit : 1111 zone : 0001

c) digit : 1100 zone : 1010

d) digit : 1111 zone : 1010

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The character A is represented by the digit 1100 and the zone 0001. The hex representation for the same is C1. Similarly for B it is C2 and so
on.

4. The hex representation for F is _______________

a) C6

b) C5

c) D6

d) D1

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Certain hex representations are :
C1=A
C2=B
C3=D
C4=E
C5=F
C6=G
C7=H
C8=I
C9=J.

5. In EBCDIC, D5 is used to represent ________ character.

a) J

b) N

c) O

d) K

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: D5 is used to represent N in this system. The representations D1 to D9 are used for the characters J to R respectively.

6. Which of the following is not a character of the digit 1110?

a) S

b) Z

c) O

d) X

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: All the alphabets from S to Z have their digit as 1110. Here, O has the digit 1101 and therefore is the incorrect option. Example : S has the digit
as 1110 and zone 0010.

7. What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the digit 9?

a) E9

b) F9

c) G9

d) H9

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For digits in EBCDIC, the hex equivalent starts from F0 to F9.
F0=0
F1=1
F2=2
F3=3 and so on.

8. The characters from 0 to 9 have their common digit as ___________

a) 1111

b) 0000

c) 0001

d) 1000

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The digits are 1111 in case of numbers. Here, 0.101 gets converted to 1.010 in its 1’s complement format.

9. The EBCDIC is mainly used in ___________

a) Programming

b) Machine Codes

c) Mainframes

d) Super Computers

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: This concept of EBCDIC was invented by IBM. It is mainly used in the IBM mainframe environment. So, basically mainframes use EBCDIC
codes.
10. Which of the following character is available in EBCDIC but not in ASCII?

a) cent sign

b) dollar sign

c) comma

d) punctuation

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The cent sign wasn’t available in ASCII which is the American Standard Code for Information interchange. It was available in EBCDIC though
and thus was considered better.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – ASCII

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “ASCII”.

1. What does ASCII stand for?

a) American Standard Code for Information Interchange

b) American Scientific Code for Information Interchange

c) American Scientific Code for Interchanging Information

d) American Standard Code for Interchanging Information

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The ASCII codes are used to represent the bits into symbols and vice versa. ASCII is the American Standard Code which is used to exchange
information.

2. The decimal representation for the character ‘!’ in ASCII is ____________

a) 31

b) 32

c) 33

d) 34

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The decimal representation of a few basic characters are:
33 : !
34 : ”
35: #
36 :$.

3. The two types of ASCII are _____________ and ____________

a) ASCII-4 and ASCII-8

b) ASCII-8 and ASCII-16

c) ASCII-7 and ASCII-8

d) ASCII-4 and ASCII-16

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The two types of ASCII are ASCII-7 and ASCII-8. ASCII-7 uses 7 bits for the representation of numbers and ASCII-8 uses 8-bits.

4. Any set of digits or alphabets are generally referred as ______________

a) Characters

b) Symbols

c) Bits

d) Bytes

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We refer to the digits and alphabets generally as characters. A character is generally a unit of information in computers.
5. The first 128 characters are same in both the types of ASCII i.e. ASCII-7 and ASCII-8.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of ASCII codes : ASCII-7 and ASCII-8. ASCII-7 uses 7 bits to represent a number whereas ASCII-8 uses 8-bits to represent
a number.

6. The number of characters that can be represented in ASCII-8 are ______________

a) 128

b) 256

c) 32

d) 64

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: ASCII-8 can represent 256 different characters. ASCII-8 uses 8-bits for the representation of numbers i.e. it can represent 2 8 = 256 different
characters.

7. The zone of alphabetic characters from A to O in ASCII is _____________

a) 1000

b) 0100

c) 0010

d) 0001

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The zone used by ASCII for alphabets is 0100. For e.g. A is represented as 0100(zone)0001(digit). The hex equivalent is 41 for A. The zone
used by numbers is 0011.

8. The representation of the number 8 in binary in ASCII-8 format _________

a) 00111000

b) 01001000

c) 1000

d) 00011000

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The ASCII-8 format will have 8 bits. The zone for the character 8 is 0011 and the digit is 1000. Therefore, its representation is 00111000.

9. Binary Coding for the letter X is ______________

a) 01011000

b) 00111000

c) 10001000

d) 00010100

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The binary coding for the letter X is 01011000. Here, 0101 is the zone whereas 1000 is the digit. The alphabets from P to Z have the zone 0101.

10. Express the ASCII equivalent of the signed binary number (00110010) . 2

a) 2

b) 1

c) A

d) ,

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The ASCII characters for the remaining options are:
1 : 00110001
A : 01000001
, : 00101100.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Unicode

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Unicode”.

1. The numbers used to represent numeric values in EBCDIC are _______

a) zoned

b) unsigned

c) packed

d) eb

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Zoned numbers represent the numeric values under EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code). In zoned format, there is
only one digit per byte.

2. Unicode provides a consistent way of encoding multilingual plain text.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Unicode defines codes for characters used in all major languages of the world.
It is a coding system which supports almost all the languages. It defines special codes for different characters, symbols, diacritics, etc.

3. Which of the following is not a type of numeric value in zoned format?

a) Positive

b) Negative

c) Double

d) Unsigned

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The zoned format can represent numeric values of type Positive, negative and unsigned numbers. A sign indicator is used in the zone position of
the rightmost digit.

4. The sign indicator of unsigned numbers is ____________

a) C

b) D

c) F

d) X

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A sign indicator is used in the zone position of the rightmost digit. A sign indicator C is used for positive, D for negative and F is used for
negative numbers.

5. The EBCDIC value of the number 345 in zoned format is __________

a) F3F4F5

b) E3E4E5

c) F3F4C5

d) F3F4D5

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: F is used for the representation of unsigned numbers therefore, F3F4F5 represents 345. F3F4C5 represents +345 . F3F4D5 represents -345.
6. Which of the following is a valid encoding format?

a) UTF-1

b) UTF-8

c) UTF-A

d) UTF-4

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The various encoding formats are UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32. UTF stands for Unicode Transformation Format. It is basically an encoding
system that supports all languages.

7. _________________ defines the assigned ordering among the characters used by the computer.

a) Unicode

b) Collating Sequence

c) Accumulation

d) Sorting

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Collating sequence is the term used for ordering among characters. It may vary depending upon the type of code used by a computer.

8. The sorting sequence of the strings A1,23,1A will be ______________

a) 23 > A1 > 1A

b) 23 < 1A > A1

c) A1 > 1A > 23

d) A1 < 1A < 23

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The sorting order is A1, 1A, 23. Numeric characters are given a greater preference in EBCDIC as compared to the alphabets.

9. The default character coding in HTML-5 is _____________

a) UTF-8

b) UTF-16

c) UTF-4

d) UTF-32

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: HTML5 which is the hypertext markup language generally uses the UTF-8 format as its default encoding. Unicode covers all the characters and
symbols in all the different languages.

10. Numbers used in packed decimal format can be used for _____________ operations.

a) logical

b) relational

c) arithmetic

d) bitwise

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The packed numbers can be used for arithmetic operations. The packed numbers also require lesser number of bytes as compared to zoned
numbers.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Sign Magnitude

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Sign Magnitude”.
1. __________________ is a straightforward method of representing positive and negative numbers.

a) Radix

b) Complement

c) Sign Magnitude

d) Encode

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Sign Magnitude is used for the representation of positive and negative numbers. If the leftmost digit is 0, the number is positive. If the leftmost
digit is 1, the number is negative.

2. The additive inverse of a number is the number which when added to the original number gives 1 as a result.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Additive Inverse of a number is the number which gives 0 and not 1 when added to the original number. e.g. number=45, additive inverse =-45,
after addition they give 0.

3. The 1’s complement of 1 in 4 bits is __________

a) 0001

b) 0

c) 1001

d) 1110

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 1’s complement is obtained by reversing the bits from 0 to 1 and vice-versa. Binary of 1 is : 0001 and 1’s complement is : 1110.

4. The binary number 111 in its 2’s complement form is ____________

a) 010

b) 001

c) 000

d) 111

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to the 1’s complement. 1’s complement of 111: 000 and 2’s complement:001.

5. The sign magnitude representation of -9 is ___________

a) 00001001

b) 11111001

c) 10001001

d) 11001

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In case of a negative number, the leftmost digit is 1 if the number is negative. Therefore, +9=00001001 and -9=10001001. Similarly for all other
negative numbers.

6. If you are given a word of size n bits, the range of 2’s complement of binary numbers is ________

a) -2 to +2
n+1 n+1

b) -2 to +2
n-1 n-1

c) -2 to +2
n-1 n+1

d) -2 to +2 -1
n-1 n-1

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to the 1’s complement. For e.g. 5 :0101 and 1’s complement=1010 and 2’s complement=1011.

7. In both signed magnitude and 2’s complement , positive and negative numbers are separated using ______________

a) LSB

b) MSB

c) 0

d) 1

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The positive and negative numbers are separated using the MSB. MSB is the Most Significant Bit. MSB is the leftmost bit. e.g. If 1000 is the
number then 1 is the most significant bit.

8. Single Precision format comprises of _________ bits.

a) 4

b) 8

c) 16

d) 32

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The single precision format comprises of 32-bits. It has 1 sign bit, 8 bits for exponent and 23 for mantissa.

9. If m is the 2’s complement and n is the binary number, then ______________

a) m=n’

b) m=n’+1

c) m=n’-1

d) m=n

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 2’s complement is simply obtained by addition of 1. So if n is the number and we take the 2’s complement, add 1 to it, we get the 2’s
complement. Therefore, m=n’+1.

10. The possible number of bit patterns with 8 bits ________________

a) 128

b) 8

c) 24

d) 256

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The total number of patterns that can be formed using n-bits are 2 n. Here, possible patterns are: 28=256.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Booth’s Algorithm

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Booth’s Algorithm”.

1. Which of the following is used for binary multiplication?

a) Restoring Multiplication

b) Booth’s Algorithm

c) Pascal’s Rule

d) Digit-by-digit multiplication

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Booth’s Algorithm is used for the multiplication of binary numbers. It is basically used for the multiplication of 2 signed numbers. This is a
very important algorithm in binary arithmetic.
2. One extra bit is added on the left of a binary number, in case of Binary Multiplication using Booth’s Algorithm.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true as an extra bit is added when we multiply 2 binary numbers by using Booth’s.
Let us take an example , if we multiply 2 * -3 .
The first step is to obtain the binary equivalents .
Hence, 2=10 and -3=01.
Now after adding the extra bit 2=010 and -3=101.
We add 0 in case of positive numbers whereas 1 in negative numbers.

3. The binary number obtained after applying RSC on 11010 will be ___________

a) 11101

b) 10100

c) 01101

d) 01000

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: RSC stands for Right-Shift Circulant . So, whenever the numbers are shifted to the right an extra 0 bit is added to the left. Here, after right shift of
11010 , the number obtained will be 01101.

4. The result of >> of 11001 by 3-bits will be ______________

a) 01000

b) 01111

c) 00011

d) 11111

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: >> is the bitwise left shift operator in binary arithmetic.
Applying >>(left-shift) by 3-bits on the number 11001 will result in 3 zeroes on the right, i.e., 01000.

5. Booth’s Algorithm is applied on _____________

a) decimal numbers

b) binary numbers

c) hexadecimal numbers

d) octal Numbers

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Booth’s Algorithm is applied only on signed and unsigned binary numbers.
Although, the values of other number systems can be converted to binary, and then the multiplication could be performed.

6. If Booth’s Multiplication is performed on the numbers 22*3, then what is 3 referred to as __________

a) accumulator

b) multiplicand

c) quotient

d) multiplier

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: It is referred to as the multiplier. Multiplier is denoted by Q in booth’s algorithm. 22 is called the multiplicand. These numbers are first converted
to their binary equivalents and further the multiplication is performed.

7. What is the default value of accumulator in booth’s multiplication of two 4-bit binary numbers?

a) 0

b) 1

c) 0000
d) 00000

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The correct answer is d because in case of Booth’s algorithm an extra bit is always added to the binary numbers. The 4-bit binary numbers
become 5-bit numbers after adding the extra bit. Accumulator is always assigned 0 bits of the order of the binary numbers whose multiplication is to be
performed.

8. What is the value of n in multiplication of 110* 1000?

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 0

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In Booth’s, n denotes the number of bits that the higher binary number has when multiplication is performed. Here, since there are 4 bits in 1000,
the answer is n=4.

9. What will be the value obtained after multiplication of (-2) * (-3) using Booth’s Algorithm?

a) 6

b) -6

c) -2

d) -3

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: After applying the procedure of Booth’s Algorithm, the value obtained will be 6. Even though the result is obtained in its 2’s complement for but
then it is reconverted to its normalized form. Also, the value obtained after decimal multiplication is the same as the value obtained after binary multiplication.

10. What does the data transfer instruction STA stand for?

a) Store Accumulator

b) Send Accumulator

c) Send Action

d) Store Action

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: STA is a data transfer instruction given whenever a value is to be copied on the accumulator. It is used for the fetch operation.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Complements

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Complements”.

1. What is the 1’s complement of 11010?

a) 11010

b) 11011

c) 00110

d) 00101

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is obtained by converting all the 0 bits to 1 and all 1’s to 0’s. Here, 11010 gets converted to 00101.

2. 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to 1’s complement of a number.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true . Let us take an example : Consider the number 110000.
1’s complement of the number is 001111. 2’s complement=001111+1=010000.

3. The 10’s complement of 562 is __________

a) 4

b) 3

c) 7

d) 8

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 10’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to the 9’s complement of a number.
Here, 9’s complement=999-562=436.
Therefore, 10’s complement=436+1=437.

4. The 9’s complement of 6578 is ___________

a) 1234

b) 3421

c) 3124

d) 3420

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 9’s complement is obtained by subtracting 9 from each bit of the number.
Here, 9999-6578=3421.
Therefore, the 9’s complement is 3421.

5. >> operator is used to denote _________

a) left shift

b) right shift

c) greater than

d) less than

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: >> operator denotes the right shift in binary arithmetic.
E.g. If we say, >>110 by 2-bits, the value obtained will be 001.
Similarly, << denotes the right shift operator.

6. The subtraction using 1’s complement of 110 – 100 will give the result ___________

a) -011

b) 011

c) 010

d) -010

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To subtract using 1’s complement: Take the 1’s complement of the 2nd number (here, 011) and add it to the first number. (110+011=1,001).
If the carry is generated, it is added to the result (001+1=010).
If carry is not generated then it is converted to its 1’s complement form.

7. The result obtained on subtraction using 2’s complement of 1111-0010 will be _________

a) 11101

b) 11011

c) 1101

d) 1011

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Firstly, the 2’s complement of the 2nd number is obtained.
Then, if carry is generated, it is discarded and the number is positive.
Otherwise, 2’s complement of the result is obtained and the answer is negative.
Here, 1111+1110=1, 1101. Since, carry is generated, it is discarded and the answer is positive.

8. The 1’s complement of 1111111110.101 is _______________

a) 1.010

b) 0000000000.010

c) 1111111110.101

d) 1.101

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is obtained by reversing the bits with value 1 to 0 and the bits with value 0 to 1. Here, 11111111110.101 gets
converted to 000000001.010 in its 1’s complement format.

9. 7’s complement of 432 is _________________

a) 432

b) 543

c) 345

d) 777

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To find the 7’s complement of any number, we simply subtract 7 from each of the bits.
Here, 777-432=345. So, the 7’s complement is 345.

10. The 16’s complement of 74E will be __________

a) 8B2

b) F8B2

c) 2B8

d) 8C2

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The 16’s complement is obtained by subtracting 16 from each of the bits of that number.
Here, 16’s complement of 074E will be F8B2.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – IEEE 32 and 64 bit

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “IEEE 32 and 64 bit”.

1. Binary addition of 1 + 1 gives the result _____________

a) 0

b) 1

c) 2

d) 10

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The result obtained is 0 with a carry of 1. This carry obtained is added to the next higher column. Binary system can have only two numbers 0
and 1.

2. 4-bit is a valid IEEE- format.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The two main IEEE formats are 16-bit and 32-bit. No format of 4-bit exists. Further, 8-bit format also exists.
In IEEE format, there are certain bits allotted to sign, exponent and mantissa.
3. The result of 0 – 1 in binary is ______________

a) 0

b) 1

c) 11

d) 10

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The binary subtraction 0 – 1 gives the result 1. A borrow of 1 is although generated and is removed from the next higher column.

4. The complement of any number can be given by a general term _______________

a) B – 1 – N
n

b) B -1 + N
n

c) B +1 – N
n

d) B +1 + N
n

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Complement of a number can be given by the term :
C= Bn – 1 – N.
Here,
B= base
n= number of digits
N= the number.

5. The IEEE standard followed by almost all the computers for floating point arithmetic _____

a) IEEE 260

b) IEEE 488

c) IEEE 754

d) IEEE 610

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Most computers follow the IEEE 754 bit format for floating point arithmetic. IEEE stands for electrical and electronic engineers. It has all the
floating point arithmetic specifications.

6. Which of the following is often called the double precision format?

a) 64-bit

b) 8-bit

c) 32-bit

d) 128-bit

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The 64-bit format is referred to as the double precision format. It has 1 sign bit, 8 exponent bits and 23 bits for the mantissa.

7. What is NaN in IEEE standards ?

a) Not arithmetic

b) Not a negation

c) Not a number

d) Not a Node

View Answer

8. The result that is smaller than the smallest number obtained is referred to as ___________

a) NaN

b) Underflow

c) Smallest
d) Mantissa

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It is referred to as underflow. Nan stands for not a number. Mantissa is the part after the decimal.

9. The number of sign bits in a 32-bit IEEE format _________

a) 1

b) 11

c) 9

d) 23

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There is only 1 sign bit in all the standards. In a 32-bit format, there is 1 sign bit, 8 bits for the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa.

10. Express the decimal format of the signed binary number (101010)2 .

a) 10

b) 12

c) -12

d) -10

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The first bit is the sign bit whereas the rest of the bits are magnitude bits. So the number is: 01010 =2 3 * 1 + 21 * 1 =8+2 =10.
But, the sign bit is 1 ,
Therefore the answer is : (-2)10.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Binary Multiplication & Division

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Binary Multiplication & Division”.

1. Perform binary addition of 1101 + 0010 is ________

a) 1110

b) 1111

c) 0111

d) 1,1101

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The addition is performed as :
1101
+ 0010
_______
1111
Therefore, the result is 1111.

2. The addition 1+1 gives 0 as a result.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The two result obtained is 0 with a carry of 1. This carry is transferred to the next higher column.

3. The result of 0*1 in binary is ____________

a) 0

b) 1

c) invalid
d) 10

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The binary multiplication of any number with 0 will give the result 0 itself. Any binary number when multiplied by 0 gives 0 only. e.g. 1101 * 0000
= 0000.

4. The multiplication of 110 * 111 is performed. What is a general term used for 111 ?

a) Dividend

b) Quotient

c) Multiplicand

d) Multiplier

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 111 is called the multiplier.
Whenever a multiplication is performed the second term is called the multiplier whereas the first term is called the multiplicand.

5. The result obtained on binary multiplication of 1010 * 1100 is _____________

a) 0001111

b) 0011111

c) 1111100

d) 1111000

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The solution is as follows :
1010
* 1100
________
0000
0000
1010
1010
_______
1111000

6. Which of the following is often called the double precision format?

a) 64-bit

b) 8-bit

c) 32-bit

d) 128-bit

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The 64-bit format is referred to as the double precision format. It has 1 sign bit, 8 exponent bits and 23 bits for the mantissa.

7. What do you call the intermediate terms in binary multiplication?

a) Multipliers

b) Mid terms

c) Partial Products

d) Multiplicands

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The intermediate terms are called partial terms. The mid terms obtained in the binary multiplications are the partial ones whereas the answer
obtained is called the final product.

8. The result that is smaller than the smallest number obtained is referred to as ___________

a) NaN

b) Underflow

c) Smallest
d) Mantissa

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It is referred to as underflow. Nan stands for not a number. Mantissa is the part after the decimal.

9. The number of sign bits in a 32-bit IEEE format is _______

a) 1

b) 11

c) 9

d) 23

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There is only 1 sign bit in all the standards. In a 32-bit format, there is 1 sign bit, 8 bits for the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa.

10. Express the decimal format of the signed binary number (101010) . 2

a) 10

b) 12

c) -12

d) -10

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The first bit is the sign bit whereas the rest of the bits are magnitude bits. So the number is: 01010 =2 3 * 1 + 21 * 1 =8+2 =10.
But , the sign bit is 1,
Therefore the answer is : (-2)10.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Fundamental Concepts & Postulates

This set of Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on “Fundamental Concepts & Postulates”.

1. The number of values applicable in Boolean Algebra.

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Boolean algebra is based on binary number system. It therefore comprises of only 2 bits : 0 and 1. Hence, only two values are applicable in
Boolean algebra.

2. Boolean Algebra can deal with any number system.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Boolean Algebra can only be used with the binary number system. Boolean deals with only two values 0 and 1. In Boolean System, if the result
is tautology it returns 1 otherwise 0.

3. The symbol + in Boolean is also known as the ____________ operator.

a) AND

b) OR

c) ADD

d) SUMMATION

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The symbol + is also called as the OR operator. It is used for logical addition. It follows the law of binary addition.
4. Which operator has the highest precedence?

a) +

b) .

c) !

d) *

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The NOT operator has the highest precedence. It is denoted by ! or – sign. Further, AND (.) operations are performed and then the OR terms
are evaluated.

5. In the expression Y + X’.Y, which operator will be evaluated first ?

a) ‘

b) +

c) .

d) ,

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In Boolean Algebra, complement of a number is given the highest precedence. Therefore, complement which is denoted by the ‘ (apostrophe)
symbol is evaluated first.

6. Which of the following is false ?

a) x+y=y+x

b) x.y=y.x

c) x.x’=1

d) x+x’=1

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The first and second option describes the commutative law. The fourth option holds true since if x=1, then x’=0, and x+x’=1. Third option is
incorrect because on multiplication of a boolean value with its complement the result will always be 0.

7. As per idempotent law, X + X will always be equal to ________

a) 0

b) 1

c) X

d) 2X

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It will always return the same value X. Since, boolean deals with only two numbers 0 and 1, if we add 0+0, the answer is 0. Similarly, if we add
1+1 the answer is 1.

8. The expression for involution law is _________

a) x+y=y+x

b) x+1=1

c) (x’)’=x

d) x.x=x

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The involution law states that the complement of complement of a number is the number itself. The third option justifies the statement. Thus,
(x’)’=x.

9. Who proposed the use of Boolean algebra in design of relay switching circuits?

a) George Boole

b) Claude E. Shannon

c) Claude E. Boole
d) George Shannon

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Claude E Shannon suggested the use of Boolean in relay switching circuits. George Boole, a mathematician introduced it for simplifying
representations and manipulation of propositional logic.

10. Truth table is used to represent Boolean __________

a) functions

b) algebra

c) operators

d) addition

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Boolean functions are represented using the truth tables. Truth tables represent the tautology and fallacy for terms.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Boolean Functions

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Boolean Functions”.

1. Boolean Function is of the form of ________

a) Truth values

b) K=f(X,Y,X)

c) Algebraic Expression

d) Truth Table

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The boolean function is of the form of algebraic expressions or truth table. A boolean function is of the form as that of option 2. The result
obtained from a boolean function can be a truth value or a fallacy.

2. The result of X+X.Y is X.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is a boolean expression. It can be evaluated as :
X+X.Y = X(1+Y) = X.
Since 1+Y=1 by boolean laws.

3. In the boolean function w=f(X,Y,Z), what is the RHS referred to as ________

a) right hand side

b) expression

c) literals

d) boolean

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The RHS is commonly referred to as the expression. The symbols X, Y and Z are commonly referred to as the literals of the function.

4. The general form for calculating the number of rows in a truth table is ________

a) 2 n

b) 2 n+1

c) 2n

d) 2 n+1

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The general form for the calculation of rows in a truth table is 2 n . Here, n= number of literals in the function.
5. The number of literals in the expression F=X.Y’ + Z are _____________

a) 4

b) 3

c) 2

d) 1

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Literals the generally the number of variables used in any boolean expression. Here, since there are 3 variables X, Y and Z, therefore the
answer is 3.

6. The complement term for X’.Y’.Z + X.Y will be _____________

a) XYZ’+X’Y’

b) (X+Y+Z’)(X’+Y’)

c) (X+Y+Z’)(X’+Y)

d) (X+Y+Z’)(X’+Y)

View Answer
Answer: B
Explanation: The OR and AND operators are interchanged. The complement terms are reduced to normal terms and the result is obtained.

7. What is the complement of X’Y’Z?

a) X+YZ

b) X’+Y+’Z’

c) X+Y+Z’

d) XYZ’

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The complement is obtained by converting the complement terms to normal terms and vice versa. Also, the OR and AND operators are
interchanged. Here, X’Y’Z gets converted to X+Y+Z’.

8. The minterm of any expression is denoted by ___________

a) Mt

b) m

c) M

d) min

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The variables forming an AND term is generally the minterm. It is denoted by m. (lower case letter).

9. The min term when X=Y=Z=0 is _____________

a) x’+y’+z’

b) xyz

c) x’y’z’

d) x+y+z

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There minterm expression is obtained using the AND term. Here, when X=Y=Z=0, the expression obtained is x’y’z’.

10. The max term when X=Y=Z=1 is ________

a) x’+y’+z’

b) xyz

c) x’y’z’
d) x+y+z

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The max term consists of variables forming an OR term. Here, when X=Y=Z=1, the expression is x’+y’+z’.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – SOP & POS

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “SOP & POS”.

1. The terms in SOP are called ___________

a) max terms

b) min terms

c) mid terms

d) sum terms

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The SOP is the sum of products. It consists of min terms often called the product terms.
Similarly, POS consists of max terms.

2. A sum of products expression is a product term (min term) or several min terms ANDed together.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The statement is partially correct.
A sum of products expression is a product term (min term) or several min terms OR ed(i.e. added) together.

3. Which of the following is an incorrect SOP expression?

a) x+x.y

b) (x+y)(x+z)

c) x

d) x+y

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The second expression is incorrect because it consists of two maxterms ANDed together.
This makes it a POS or the product of sum expression.
Other options are valid SOP expressions.

4. The corresponding min term when x=0, y=0 and z=1.

a) x.y.z’

b) X’+Y’+Z

c) X+Y+Z’

d) x’.y’.z

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The min term is obtained by taking the complement of the zero values and taking the term with value 1 as it is.
Here, x=0,y=0 and z=1, then the min term is x’y’z.

5. LSI stands for ___________

a) Large Scale Integration

b) Large System Integration

c) Large Symbolic Instruction

d) Large Symbolic Integration

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It stands for large scale integration. This is the abstraction level of the integrated circuits.
It can also be small scale, medium, large or very large scale integration.

6. Which operation is shown in the following expression: (X+Y’).(X+Z).(Z’+Y’)

a) NOR

b) ExOR

c) SOP

d) POS

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The expression comprises of max terms.
Also, the terms are ANDed together, therefore it is a POS term.

7. The number of min terms for an expression comprising of 3 variables?

a) 8

b) 3

c) 0

d) 1

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If any expression comprises of n variables, its corresponding min terms are given by 2 n.
Here, n=3 since there are 3 variables therefore, min terms=2 3=8.

8. The number of cells in a K-map with n-variables.

a) 2n

b) n 2

c) 2n

d) n

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: K-map is nothing but Karnaugh map.
SOP and POS expressions can be simplified using the K-map.
The number of cells in case of n-variables=2n.

9. The output of AND gates in the SOP expression is connected using the ________ gate.

a) XOR

b) NOR

c) AND

d) OR

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Since the product terms or the min terms are added in a SOP expression.
Therefore, the OR gate is used to connect the AND gates.

10. The expression A+BC is the reduced form of ______________

a) AB+BC

b) (A+B)(A+C)

c) (A+C)B

d) (A+B)C

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The second option is correct.
It can simplified as follows: (A+B)(A+C)
=AA+AC+AB+BC
=A+AC+AB+BC
=A(1+C)+AB+BC
=A+AB+BC
=A(1+B)+BC
=A+BC.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Logic Gates

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logic Gates”.

1. Electronic circuits that operate on one or more input signals to produce standard output _______

a) Series circuits

b) Parallel Circuits

c) Logic Signals

d) Logic Gates

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The logic gates operate on one or more input signals to produce a standard output.
Logic gates give the output in the form of 0 and 1.
The Boolean algebra can be applied on the logic gates.

2. Logic Gates are the building blocks of all circuits in a computer.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true.
Logic gates are idealized to implement a boolean function in all circuits of a computer.
The signals are directed as per the outputs of the logic gates in the form of 0 and 1.

3. A __________ gate gives the output as 1 only if all the inputs signals are 1.

a) AND

b) OR

c) EXOR

d) NOR

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The AND gate gives a 1 only if all the input signals are 1.
The Boolean expression for evaluating an AND signal is : Y=A.B.

4. The boolean expression of an OR gate is _______

a) A.B

b) A’B+AB’

c) A+B

d) A’B’

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An OR gate gives the result as 1 if any one of the inputs is one.
Its expression is A+B.
An OR gate gives a 0 only if both the inputs are 0.

5. The gate which is used to reverse the output obtained is _____

a) NOR

b) NAND

c) EXOR

d) NOT

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: NOT gate is used to reverse the output from 0 to 1 and vice-versa.
The Boolean expression for NOT gate is : Y=A’.
Therefore, it gives the complement of the result obtained.

6. Which of the following gate will give a 0 when both of its inputs are 1?

a) AND

b) OR

c) NAND

d) EXOR

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The NAND gate gives 0 as the output when both of its inputs are 1 or any one of the input is 1.
It returns a 1 only if both the inputs are 0.

7. When logic gates are connected to form a gating/logic network it is called as a ______________ logic circuit.

a) combinational

b) sequential

c) systematic

d) hardwired

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is referred to as a combinational circuit as it comprises of a number of gates.
It is connected to evaluate a result of a Boolean expression.

8. The universal gate that can be used to implement any Boolean expression is __________

a) NAND

b) EXOR

c) OR

d) AND

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: NAND gate can be used to implement any Boolean expression.
It is a universal gate. A universal gate can be used to implement any other Boolean function without using any other logic gate.

9. The gate which is called an inverter is called _________

a) NOR

b) NAND

c) EXOR

d) NOT

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Inverter is used to reverse the output. A NOT gate is used to invert or change the output from 0 to 1 and vice-versa.

10. The expression of an EXOR gate is ____________

a) A’B+AB’

b) AB+A’B’

c) A+A.B

d) A’+B’

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The expression for an EXOR gate is A’B+AB’.
An EXOR gate is nothing but an exclusive OR gate.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Universal Gates

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Universal Gates”.
1. A ____________ is a circuit with only one output but can have multiple inputs.

a) Logic gate

b) Truth table

c) Binary circuit

d) Boolean circuit

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A logic gate is used to evaluate a Boolean expression.
It can have multiple inputs but can have only one output.
The different types of logic gates are AND, OR, NOT etc.

2. There are 5 universal gates.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: There are only 2 main universal gates : NAND and NOR.
A NAND gate as well as the NOR gate can be used to implement any other Boolean expression thus it is called as a universal gate.

3. The Output is LOW if any one of the inputs is HIGH in case of a _________ gate.

a) NOR

b) NAND

c) OR

d) AND

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In case of a NAND gate the output is LOW if any one of the inputs is HIGH (i.e. 1).
It gives a HIGH output only in one case, when all the inputs given to it are LOW.

4. The following figure shows a ___________ gate.

a) NOR

b) NAND

c) EXOR

d) OR

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The figure is that of a NOR gate.
The bubble signifies that it is a NOR gate.
It is a type of universal gate and can be used to implement all the boolean expressions.

5. The complement of the input given is obtained in case of:

a) NOR

b) AND+NOR

c) NOT

d) EX-OR

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The NOT gate, also called as the inverter gate is used to reverse the input which is given.
It gives an inverted output, thus gives the complement.
Expression for NOT gate : Y=A’, where A is the input.
6. How many AND gates are required to realize the following expression Y=AB+BC?

a) 4

b) 8

c) 1

d) 2

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 2 AND gates are required to realize the expression.
1 AND gate will be used to connect the inputs A and B whereas the other will be used to connect the inputs B and C.

7. Number of outputs in a half adder _____________

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 0

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A half adder gives two outputs.
One is called the sum and the other is carry.
Half adder can be implemented using an EXOR gate and an AND gate.

8. The ________ gate is an OR gate followed by a NOT gate.

a) NAND

b) EXOR

c) NOR

d) EXNOR

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A NOR gate is a universal gate which is an OR gate followed by a NOT gate.
It therefore reverses the output obtained by an OR gate.
It can be used to implement any Boolean expression.

9. The expression of a NAND gate is_______

a) A.B

b) A’B+AB’

c) (A.B)’

d) (A+B)’

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A NAND gate is an AND gate followed by a NOT gate.
It therefore inverts the output of an AND gate.
NAND gate is also a universal gate.

10. Which of the following correctly describes the distributive law.

a)( A+B)(C+D)=AB+CD

b) (A+B).C=AC+BC

c) (AB)(A+B)=AB

d) (A.B)C=AC.AB

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The second option correctly describes the distributive law.
(A+B).C =AC+BC.
Boolean Laws are used to implement and simplify Boolean expression .

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – CPU & Control Unit

This set of Computer Fundamentals Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on “CPU & Control Unit”.

1. Brain of computer is ____________

a) Control unit

b) Arithmetic and Logic unit

c) Central Processing Unit

d) Memory

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The CPU is referred to as the brain of computer.
It consists of control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit. It is responsible for performing all the processes and operations.

2. Control Unit acts as the central nervous system of the computer.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The control unit is referred to as the central nervous system because it selects and interprets the instructions and coordinates execution.

3. What does MBR stand for?

a) Main Buffer Register

b) Memory Buffer Routine

c) Main Buffer Routine

d) Memory Buffer Register

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The binary subtraction 0 – 1 gives the result 1.
A borrow of 1 is although generated and is removed from the next higher column.

4. In the instruction ADD A, B, the answer gets stored in ___________

a) B

b) A

c) Buffer

d) C

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In any instruction of the form ADD A, B; the answer gets stored in the A register. The format is : ADD Destination, Source.

5. What does PC stand for?

a) Program Changer

b) Program Counter

c) Performance Counter

d) Performance Changer

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Program counter contains the address of the next instruction which is to be fetched by the control unit.
All other options are invalid.

6. Which of the following holds the last instruction fetched?

a) PC

b) MAR

c) MBR
d) IR

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The IR which stands for the instruction register contains the last instruction fetched.
All the others options are registers which are used for the fetch operation.

7. The portion of the processor which contains the hardware required to fetch the operations is _______

a) Datapath

b) Processor

c) Control

d) Output unit

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The datapath contains the hardware required to fetch the operations. The control tells the data path what needs to be done.

8. Causing the CPU to step through a series of micro operations is called _________

a) Execution

b) Runtime

c) Sequencing

d) Pipelining

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Sequencing is the process of causing the CPU to step through a series of micro operations. Execution causes the performance of each micro
operation.

9. The functions of execution and sequencing are performed by using ______________

a) Input Signals

b) Output Signals

c) Control Signals

d) CPU

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Sequencing followed by the process of execution is performed by the Control signals. Sequencing is traversing each and every operation
whereas execution causes the performance of each operation.

10. What does D in the D-flip flop stand for?

a) Digital

b) Direct

c) Delay

d) Durable

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the hardwired control unit, the delay element method uses D-flip flop which causes a delay. Since, in the delay element method there must be
a finite time gap between the 2 steps.

Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers – Registers

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Registers”.

1. CPU has built-in ability to execute a particular set of machine instructions, called as __________

a) Instruction Set

b) Registers

c) Sequence Set
d) User instructions

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An instruction is any task which is to be performed by the processor. Instructions are stored in the register. Instruction set is the set of machine
instructions.

2. Opcode indicates the operations to be performed.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Every instruction has an opcode. Additionally, it may have one or more operands and the op code indicates the operation to be performed.

3. The length of a register is called _______

a) word limit

b) word size

c) register limit

d) register size

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The length of a register is called word size. It tells the number of bits a register can store.
Registers are a part of the CPU.

4. The _________ holds the contents of the accessed memory word.

a) MAR

b) MBR

c) PC

d) IR

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The MBR holds the contents of the accessed (read/written) memory word.
MBR stands for Memory Buffer Register.

5. Which of the following is not a visible register?

a) General Purpose Registers

b) Address Register

c) Status Register

d) MAR

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: MAR or the memory address register is not a visible register. This register is user inaccessible. It contains the address of the memory block to
be read or written to.

6. Which of the following is a data transfer instruction?

a) STA 16-bit address

b) ADD A,B

c) MUL C,D

d) RET

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The instruction STA 16-bit address is a data transfer instruction.
STA means Store in Accumulator.

7. What is correct instruction if you want the control to go to the location 2000h?

a) MOV 2000h
b) MOV A, 2000h

c) JMP 2000h

d) RET 2000h

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The JMP instruction is used to move to a particular location. In 8085 microprocessor, JMP statement tells the processor to go to location 2000h
(here).

8. What kind of a flag is the sign flag?

a) General Purpose

b) Status

c) Address

d) Instruction

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Sign flag is a type of status register or the flag register. It is used to indicate the sign of certain bits.

9. The number of sign bits in a 32-bit IEEE format __________

a) 1

b) 11

c) 9

d) 23

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There is only 1 sign bit in all the standards. In a 32-bit format, there is 1 sign bit, 8 bits for the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa.

10. New CPU whose instruction set includes the instruction set of its predecessor CPU is said to be ___________ with its predecessor.

a) fully compatible

b) forward compatible

c) compatible

d) backward compatible

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The CPU is called backward compatible since it contains the instruction set of its predecessor. Manufacturers tend to group their CPUs into
families having similar instruction set.