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    Chemistry Formulae and Constants

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    skzbang426

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    Chemistry Formulae and Constants

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    Chemistry Formulae and Constants

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    Chemistry Formulae and Constants

    1. Pressure conversion
    1 atm = 760mmHg= 760 torr=101325Pa=101.325kPa
    2. Dalton’s Law of partial pressure:
    Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 +...Pn
    P1 = Ptotal × XA, where (XA = moles A/total moles)
    Ptotal = Total pressure of the gas
    XA= mole fraction of gas A
    3. Boyle’s Law (temperature and number of moles constant)
    Pressure is inversely proportional to volume.
    P1V1=P2V2
    4. Charles Law (Pressure and number of moles constant)
    Volume is directly proportional to temperature.
    𝑉1 𝑉2
    =
    𝑇1 𝑇2
    Convert temperature to Kelvin (0C + 273)
    5. Gay Lussac’s Law ( Pressure and number of moles constant)
    Pressure is directly proportional to temperature
    𝑃1 𝑃2
    =
    𝑇1 𝑇2
    Convert temperature to Kelvin (0C + 273)
    6. Avogadro’s Law (Pressure and temperature constant)
    Volume of gas is directly proportional to number of moles
    𝑉1 𝑉2
    =
    𝑛1 𝑛2
    AT STP, P=1 atm, T= 00C = 273K, V= 22.4 L
    7. Ideal Gas equation
    PV=nRT
    P= pressure of gas
    V= volume of gas
    𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠
    n= number of moles 𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠
    T= temperature in Kelvin (0C+ 273)
    R = 0.0821 atm L / mol K when Pressure unit is atm
    R = 8.314 kPa L / mol K when pressure unit is kPa
    8. Gas Stoichiometry

    9. Density of Gas
    𝑃𝑀 𝑑𝑅𝑇
    𝑑= 𝑀=
    𝑅𝑇 𝑃

    d= density of gas
    P= Pressure of gas
    M= molar mass of the gas
    T= temperature in Kelvin (0C+ 273)
    R = 0.0821 atm L / mol K when Pressure unit is atm
    R = 8.314 kPa L / mol K when pressure unit is kPa
    10. Percent by mass
    mass of solute
    percent by mass = × 100
    mass of solution
    mass of solute
    percent by mass = × 100
    mass of solute + mass of solvent

    11. Percent by Volume


    𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
    • 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 × 100

    Volume of solute
    • percent by volume = Volume of solute+Volume of solvent × 100

    12. Molality:
    𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞
    𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
    𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 (𝑲𝒈)
    𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞
    𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
    𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐗 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 (𝐊𝐠)
    • Temperature Independent quantity
    • Unit = mol/Kg or m
    13. Molarity
    𝐧𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞
    𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
    𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝑳)
    𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞
    𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
    𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐗 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐋)
    • Temperature dependent quantity
    • Unit = mol/L or M

    Dilute Solutions:
    M1V1=M2V2
    M1= Molarity of stock solution
    V1= Volume of stock solution
    M2= Molarity of dilute solution
    V2= Volume of dilute solution.
    14. 𝑛𝐴
    𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑋𝐴 =
    𝑛𝐴 + 𝑛𝐵
    𝑛𝐵
    𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑋𝐵 =
    𝑛𝐴 + 𝑛𝐵
    𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
    𝑛=
    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
    XA+ XB =1
    15. Henry’s Law: Solubility is directly proportional to pressure at constant
    temperature.
    𝑆1 𝑆2
    =
    𝑃1 𝑃2
    S= solubility of gas g/L
    P= Pressure of the gas
    16.

    17. Combined gas Equation


    𝑃1𝑉1 𝑃2𝑉2
    =
    𝑇1 𝑇2

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