Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    refraction

    Uploaded by

    doubletap4kill
    About the lens

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    refraction

    Uploaded by

    doubletap4kill
    1 views3 pages
    About the lens

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    About the lens

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1 views3 pages

    refraction

    Uploaded by

    doubletap4kill
    About the lens

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Sure, here’s a summary of the key points for the chapter on refraction

    through lenses for ICSE Class 10:

    ### Refraction through Lenses

    1. **Refraction**:

    - Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to


    another due to a change in its speed.

    - It follows Snell’s Law: \( n_1 \sin \theta_1 = n_2 \sin \theta_2 \), where \
    ( n \) is the refractive index, and \( \theta \) is the angle of incidence or
    refraction.

    2. **Lens**:

    - A lens is a transparent optical device that converges or diverges light rays


    due to refraction.

    - Lenses are classified into two types: convex (converging) lenses and
    concave (diverging) lenses.

    3. **Convex Lens (Converging Lens)**:

    - A convex lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges.

    - It converges parallel rays of light to a focal point.

    4. **Concave Lens (Diverging Lens)**:

    - A concave lens is thinner in the middle than at the edges.

    - It diverges parallel rays of light outward.

    5. **Lens Terminology**:

    - **Principal Axis**: The straight line passing through the optical center of
    the lens and perpendicular to its surfaces.
    - **Optical Center**: The point where the principal axis intersects the lens.

    - **Focal Point (F)**: The point where parallel rays converge (convex lens)
    or appear to diverge from (concave lens).

    - **Focal Length (f)**: The distance between the optical center and the
    focal point.

    6. **Lens Formula**:

    - The lens formula relates the object distance (u), image distance (v), and
    focal length (f):

    \[

    \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}

    \]

    - **Object Distance (u)**: Distance from the object to the lens.

    - **Image Distance (v)**: Distance from the image to the lens.

    7. **Magnification**:

    - Magnification (M) is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of
    the object and can also be expressed as the ratio of the image distance to
    the object distance:

    \[

    M = \frac{h_i}{h_o} = \frac{v}{u}

    \]

    - Where \( h_i \) is the height of the image and \( h_o \) is the height of the
    object.

    8. **Types of Images Formed by Lenses**:

    - **Convex Lens**:

    - When the object is beyond 2F: Real, inverted, and reduced in size.

    - When the object is at 2F: Real, inverted, and same size as the object.
    - When the object is between F and 2F: Real, inverted, and magnified.

    - When the object is at F: The image is formed at infinity.

    - When the object is between F and the lens: Virtual, upright, and
    magnified.

    - **Concave Lens**:

    - The image is always virtual, upright, and diminished, regardless of the


    object’s position.

    9. **Applications of Lenses**:

    - Convex lenses are used in magnifying glasses, microscopes, and


    cameras.

    - Concave lenses are used in eyeglasses for correcting myopia


    (nearsightedness).

    10. **Sign Conventions**:

    - For lenses, the distances are measured from the optical center.

    - Distances measured in the direction of the incident light are taken as


    positive.

    - Distances measured in the direction opposite to the incident light are


    taken as negative.

    Understanding these points will help you grasp the concepts related to
    refraction through lenses. If you need more details on any specific point, feel
    free to ask!

    You might also like