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고2 영어 영역 3
21. 밑줄 친 the innocent messenger who falls before a firing line이 23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

o 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Perhaps worse than attempting to get the bad news out of
We have already seen that learning is much more efficient
when done at regular intervals: rather than cramming an

sin
the way is attempting to soften it or simply not address it entire lesson into one day, we are better off spreading out

5 before
at all. This “Mum Effect” — a term coined by psychologists
Sidney Rosen and Abraham Tesser in the early 1970s —
the learning. The reason is simple: every night, our brain
consolidates what it has learned during the day. This is one
happens because people want to avoid becoming the target of the most important neuroscience discoveries of the last
ˢ
of others’ negative emotions. We all have the opportunity to thirty years: sleep is not just a period of inactivity or a
lead change, yet it often requires of us the courage to garbage collection of the waste products that the brain
deliver bad news to our superiors. We don’t want to be the accumulated while we were awake. Quite the contrary: while

i
innocent messenger who falls before a firing line. When our we sleep, our brain remains active; it runs a specific

i
survival instincts kick in, they can override our courage until algorithm that replays the important events it recorded
the truth of a situation gets watered down. “The Mum during the previous day and gradually transfers them into a
Effect and the resulting filtering can have devastating more efficient compartment of our memory.
effects in a steep hierarchy,” writes Robert Sutton, an * consolidate: 통합 정리하다
organizational psychologist. “What starts out as bad news ① how to get an adequate amount of sleep
becomes happier and happier as it travels up the ranks ― ② the role that sleep plays in the learning process
because after each boss hears the news from his or her ③ a new method of stimulating engagement in learning
subordinates, he or she makes it sound a bit less bad before ④ an effective way to keep your mind alert and active
passing it up the chain.” ⑤ the side effects of certain medications on brain function
① the employee being criticized for being silent
② the peacemaker who pursues non‐violent solutions
③ the negotiator who looks for a mutual understanding
④ the subordinate who wants to get attention from the boss

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⑤ the person who gets the blame for reporting unpleasant news
5 24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
From the earliest times, healthcare services have been
recognized to have two equal aspects, namely clinical care
and public healthcare. In classical Greek mythology, the god
22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
of medicine, Asklepios, had two daughters, Hygiea and
Most parents think that if our child would just “behave,” we Panacea. The former was the goddess of preventive health
could stay calm as parents. The truth is that managing our and wellness, or hygiene, and the latter the goddess of
own emotions and actions is what allows us to feel peaceful treatment and curing. In modern times, the societal
as parents. Ultimately we can’t control our children or the ascendancy of medical professionalism has caused treatment
obstacles they will face ― but we can always control our own of sick patients to overshadow those preventive healthcare
actions. Parenting isn’t about what our child does, but about services provided by the less heroic figures of sanitary
how we respond. In fact, most of what we call parenting engineers, biologists, and governmental public health officers.
doesn’t take place between a parent and child but within the Nevertheless, the quality of health that human populations
parent. When a storm brews, a parent’s response will either enjoy is attributable less to surgical dexterity, innovative
calm it or trigger a full‐scale tsunami. Staying calm enough to pharmaceutical products, and bioengineered devices than to
respond constructively to all that childish behavior ― and the the availability of public sanitation, sewage management, and
stormy emotions behind it ― requires that we grow, too. If services which control the pollution of the air, drinking
we can use those times when our buttons get pushed to water, urban noise, and food for human consumption. The
reflect, not just react, we can notice when we lose human right to the highest attainable standard of health
equilibrium and steer ourselves back on track. This inner depends on public healthcare services no less than on the
growth is the hardest work there is, but it’s what enables skills and equipment of doctors and hospitals.
you to become a more peaceful parent, one day at a time. * ascendancy: 우세 ** dexterity: 기민함

① 자녀의 행동 변화를 위해 부모의 즉각적인 반응이 필요하다. ① Public Healthcare: A Co‐Star, Not a Supporting Actor
② 부모의 내적 성장을 통한 평정심 유지가 양육에 중요하다. ② The Historical Development of Medicine and Surgery
③ 부모는 자녀가 감정을 다스릴 수 있게 도와주어야 한다. ③ Clinical Care Controversies: What You Don’t Know
④ 부모와 자녀는 건설적인 의견을 나눌 수 있어야 한다. ④ The Massive Similarities Between Different Mythologies
⑤ 바람직한 양육은 자녀에게 모범을 보이는 것이다. ⑤ Initiatives Opening up Health Innovation Around the World
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 고2 영어 영역 5
29. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점] [31~34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
By noticing the relation between their own actions and 31. It is not the peasant’s goal to produce the highest
resultant external changes, infants develop self‐efficacy, a possible time‐averaged crop yield, averaged over many
sense ① that they are agents of the perceived changes. years. If your time‐averaged yield is marvelously high as a
Although infants can notice the effect of their behavior on result of the combination of nine great years and one year
the physical environment, it is in early social interactions of crop failure, you will still starve to death in that one
that infants most ② readily perceive the consequence of year of crop failure before you can look back to
their actions. People have perceptual characteristics that congratulate yourself on your great time‐averaged yield.
virtually ③ assure that infants will orient toward them. They Instead, the peasant’s aim is to make sure to produce a
have visually contrasting and moving faces. They produce yield above the starvation level in every single year, even
sound, provide touch, and have interesting smells. In though the time‐averaged yield may not be highest. That’s
addition, people engage with infants by exaggerating their why may make sense. If you have just
facial expressions and inflecting their voices in ways that one big field, no matter how good it is on the average, you
infants find ④ fascinated. But most importantly, these antics will starve when the inevitable occasional year arrives in
are responsive to infants’ vocalizations, facial expressions, which your one field has a low yield. But if you have many
and gestures; people vary the pace and level of their different fields, varying independently of each other, then in
behavior in response to infant actions. Consequentially, early any given year some of your fields will produce well even
social interactions provide a context ⑤ where infants can when your other fields are producing poorly. [3점]
easily notice the effect of their behavior.
① land leveling
* inflect: (음성을) 조절하다 ** antics: 익살스러운 행동
② weed trimming
③ field scattering
④ organic farming
⑤ soil fertilization

32. There are several reasons why support may not be

effective. One possible reason is that receiving help could be
a blow to self‐esteem. A recent study by Christopher Burke
30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 and Jessica Goren at Lehigh University examined this
않은 것은? possibility. According to the threat to self‐esteem model, help
Adam Smith pointed out that specialization, where each of can be perceived as supportive and loving, or it can be seen
us focuses on one specific skill, leads to a general as threatening if that help is interpreted as implying
improvement of everybody’s well‐being. The idea is simple incompetence. According to Burke and Goren, support is
and powerful. By specializing in just one activity ― such as especially likely to be seen as threatening if it is in an area
food raising, clothing production, or home construction ― that is self‐relevant or self‐defining — that is, in an area
each worker gains ① mastery over the particular activity. where your own success and achievement are especially
Specialization makes sense, however, only if the specialist important. Receiving help with a self‐relevant task can
can subsequently ② trade his or her output with the output , and this can
of specialists in other lines of activity. It would make no undermine the potential positive effects of the help. For
sense to produce more food than a household needs unless example, if your self‐concept rests, in part, on your great
there is a market outlet to exchange that ③ scarce food for cooking ability, it may be a blow to your ego when a friend
clothing, shelter, and so forth. At the same time, without the helps you prepare a meal for guests because it suggests that
ability to buy food on the market, it would not be possible you’re not the master chef you thought you were.
to be a specialist home builder or clothing maker, since it ① make you feel bad about yourself
would be ④ necessary to farm for one’s own survival. Thus ② improve your ability to deal with challenges
Smith realized that the division of labor is ⑤ limited by the ③ be seen as a way of asking for another favor
extent of the market, whereas the extent of the market is ④ trick you into thinking that you were successful
determined by the degree of specialization. ⑤ discourage the person trying to model your behavior
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 6 영어 영역 고2

33. As well as making sense of events through narratives, 35. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

5i
historians in the ancient world established the tradition of Taking a stand is important because you become a beacon
history as a(n) . The for those individuals who are your people, your tribe, and
history writing of Livy or Tacitus, for instance, was in part your audience. ① When you raise your viewpoint up like a
designed to examine the behavior of heroes and villains, flag, people know where to find you; it becomes a rallying

5ii
int
meditating on the strengths and weaknesses in the characters point. ② Displaying your perspective lets prospective (and
of emperors and generals, providing exemplars for the
o I
virtuous to imitate or avoid. This continues to be one of theFine
current) customers know that you don’t just sell your
products or services. ③ The best marketing is never just
functions of history. French chronicler Jean Froissart said he about selling a product or service, but about taking a stand —
had written his accounts of chivalrous knights fighting in the showing an audience why they should believe in what you’re
Hundred Years’ War “so that brave men should be inspired
hitam
thereby to follow such examples.” Today, historical studies of
marketing enough to want it at any cost, simply because they
agree with what you’re doing. ④ If you want to retain your
Lincoln, Churchill, Gandhi, or Martin Luther King, Jr. perform existing customers, you need to create ways that a customer
the same function. can feel like another member of the team, participating in the
* chivalrous: 기사도적인
process of product development. ⑤ Products can be changed
① source of moral lessons and reflections or adjusted if they aren’t functioning, but rallying points align
② record of the rise and fall of empires with the values and meaning behind what you do.
③ war against violence and oppression * beacon: 횃불 ** rallying point: 집합 지점
④ means of mediating conflict
⑤ integral part of innovation

[36~37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을

고르시오.

34. Psychologist Christopher Bryan finds that when we

36.
I
be no particular reason to build id
evaluate choices differently. His team was able to cut
, people
ΔIf DNA were the only thing that mattered, there would
meaningful social
cheating in half: instead of “Please don’t cheat,” they changed programs to pour good experiences into children and
protect them from bad experiences.
the appeal to “Please don’t be a cheater.” When you’re urged
not to cheat, you can do it and still see an ethical person in i
to iii in
(A) This number came as a surprise to biologists: given the
the mirror. But when you’re told not to be a cheater, the act
complexity of the brain and the body, it had been
casts a shadow; immorality is tied to your identity, making
assumed that hundreds of thousands of genes would be
the behavior much less attractive. Cheating is an isolated
required.

Pti
action that gets evaluated with the logic of consequence: Can
(B) So how does the massively complicated brain, with its

Tilde
I get away with it? Being a cheater evokes a sense of self,
triggering the logic of appropriateness: What kind of person eighty‐six billion neurons, get built from such a small
am I, and who do I want to be? In light of this evidence, recipe book? The answer relies on a clever strategy
Bryan suggests that we should embrace nouns more implemented by the genome: build incompletely and let
thoughtfully. “Don’t Drink and Drive” could be rephrased as: world experience refine.
“Don’t Be a Drunk Driver.” The same thinking can be applied (C) But brains require the right kind of environment if they
to originality. When a child draws a picture, instead of calling
O
are to correctly develop. When the first draft of the
the artwork creative, we can say “You are creative.”
4 si
Human Genome Project came to completion at the turn
of the millennium, one of the great surprises was that

I
① ignore what experts say
②
③
keep a close eye on the situation
shift our emphasis from behavior to character ① (A) - (C) - (B)
Ts
humans have only about twenty thousand genes.
② (B) - (A) - (C)
④ focus on appealing to emotion rather than reason ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ place more importance on the individual instead of the group ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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 고2 영어 영역 7
37. 39.
One benefit of reasons and arguments is that they can This inequality produces the necessary conditions for the
foster humility. If two people disagree without arguing, operation of a huge, global‐scale engine that takes on heat
all they do is yell at each other. No progress is made. in the tropics and gives it off in the polar regions.

(A) That is one way to achieve humility — on one side at On any day of the year, the tropics and the hemisphere
least. Another possibility is that neither argument is that is experiencing its warm season receive much more
solar radiation than do the polar regions and the colder
refuted. Both have a degree of reason on their side.
hemisphere. ( ① ) Averaged over the course of the year,
Even if neither person involved is convinced by the
the tropics and latitudes up to about 40° receive more total
other’s argument, both can still come to appreciate the
heat than they lose by radiation. ( ② ) Latitudes above 40°
opposing view. receive less total heat than they lose by radiation. ( ③ )
(B) Both still think that they are right. In contrast, if both Its working fluid is the atmosphere, especially the moisture
sides give arguments that articulate reasons for their it contains. ( ④ ) Air is heated over the warm earth of the
tropics, expands, rises, and flows away both northward and
positions, then new possibilities open up. One of the
southward at high altitudes, cooling as it goes. ( ⑤ ) It
arguments gets refuted — that is, it is shown to fail. In
descends and flows toward the equator again from more
that case, the person who depended on the refuted
northerly and southerly latitudes.
argument learns that he needs to change his view. * latitude: 위도
(C) They also realize that, even if they have some truth,
they do not have the whole truth. They can gain 40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에
humility when they recognize and appreciate the 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
reasons against their own view. [3점]
Greenwashing involves misleading a consumer into
* humility: 겸손 ** articulate: 분명히 말하다
thinking a good or service is more environmentally friendly
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) than it really is. Greenwashing ranges from making
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) environmental claims required by law, and therefore
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) irrelevant (CFC‐free for example), to puffery (exaggerating
environmental claims) to fraud. Researchers have shown
that claims on products are often too vague or misleading.
Some products are labeled “chemical‐free,” when the fact is
everything contains chemicals, including plants and animals.
[38~39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
Products with the highest number of misleading or
적절한 곳을 고르시오.
unverifiable claims were laundry detergents, household
38. cleaners, and paints. Environmental advocates agree there is
However, the capacity to produce skin pigments is still a long way to go to ensure shoppers are adequately
informed about the environmental impact of the products

T.iiii.ie T
inherited.
they buy. The most common reason for greenwashing is to

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Adaptation involves changes in a population, with
attract environmentally conscious consumers. Many consumers
characteristics that are passed from one generation to the
do not find out about the false claims until after the
next. This is different from acclimation — an individual
purchase. Therefore, greenwashing may increase sales in
organism’s changes in response to an altered environment.
the short term. However, this strategy can seriously

Oi
( ① ) For example, if you spend the summer outside, you
backfire when consumers find out they are being deceived.
may acclimate to the sunlight: your skin will increase its
* CFC: 염화불화탄소 ** fraud: 사기
concentration of dark pigments that protect you from the
sun. ( ② ) This is a temporary change, and you won’t pass 
the temporary change on to future generations. ( ③ ) For While greenwashing might bring a company profits
populations living in intensely sunny environments, individuals (A) by deceiving environmentally conscious

4
with a good ability to produce skin pigments are more likely consumers, the company will face serious trouble when
to thrive, or to survive, than people with a poor ability to the consumers figure out they were (B) .
produce pigments, and that trait becomes increasingly common
in subsequent generations. ( ④ ) If you look around, you can (A) (B)
find countless examples of adaptation. ( ⑤ ) The distinctive ① permanently …… manipulated
long neck of a giraffe, for example, developed as individuals ② temporarily …… misinformed
that happened to have longer necks had an advantage in ③ momentarily …… advocated
feeding on the leaves of tall trees. [3점] ④ ultimately …… underestimated
* pigment: 색소 ⑤ consistently …… analyzed
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