28 Set Theory and Relations

Relations

Basic Level

1. A relation from P to Q is [AMU 1998]

(a) A universal set of P × Q (b) P × Q (c) An equivalent set of P × Q (d) A subset of P × Q

2. Let R be a relation from a set A to set B, then
(a) R = A  B (b) R = A  B (c) R  A × B (d) R  B × A
3. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2}. Consider a relation R defined from set A to set B. Then R is equal to set[Kurukshetra CE
(a) A (b) B (c) A × B (d) B × A
4. Let n(A) = n. Then the number of all relations on A is
2
(a) 2 n (b) 2 (n )! (c) 2 n (d) None of these
5. If R is a relation from a finite set A having m elements to a finite set B having n elements, then the number of
relations from A to B is

(a) 2 mn (b) 2 mn  1 (c) 2mn (d) m n

6. Let R be a reflexive relation on a finite set A having n-elements, and let there be m ordered pairs in R. Then
(a) m  n (b) m  n (c) m  n (d) None of these

7. The relation R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by R = {(x, y) : | x 2  y 2 |  16 } is given by

(a) {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (2, 3)} (b) {(2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (2, 4)}
(c) {(3, 3), (3, 4), (5, 4), (4, 3), (3, 1)} (d) None of these
8. A relation R is defined from {2, 3, 4, 5} to {3, 6, 7, 10} by; xRy  x is relatively prime to y. Then domain of R is

(a) {2, 3, 5} (b) {3, 5} (c) {2, 3, 4} (d) {2, 3, 4, 5}

9. Let R be a relation on N defined by x  2 y  8 . The domain of R is

(a) {2, 4, 8} (b) {2, 4, 6, 8} (c) {2, 4, 6} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4}

10. If R  {(x , y )| x , y  Z, x 2  y 2  4 } is a relation in Z, then domain of R is

(a) {0, 1, 2} (b) {0, – 1, – 2} (c) {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2} (d) None of these

11. If A = {1, 2, 3} , B = {1, 4, 6, 9} and R is a relation from A to B defined by ‘x is greater than y’. The range of R is
(a) {1, 4, 6, 9} (b) {4, 6, 9} (c) {1} (d) None of these

12. R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12} defined by y  x  3 . Then R 1 is

(a) {(8, 11), (10, 13)} (b) {(11, 18), (13, 10)} (c) {(10, 13), (8, 11)} (d) None of these
 Set Theory and Relations 29

13. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 3, 5}. If relation R from A to B is given by R ={(1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3)}. Then R 1 is
(a) {(3, 3), (3, 1), (5, 2)} (b) {(1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3)} (c) {(1, 3), (5, 2)} (d) None of these
14. Let R be a reflexive relation on a set A and I be the identity relation on A. Then
(a) R  I (b) I  R (c) R  I (d) None of these
15. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R be a relation in A given by R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3)}.
Then R is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) An equivalence relation
16. An integer m is said to be related to another integer n if m is a multiple of n. Then the relation is
(a) Reflexive and symmetric (b) Reflexive and transitive (c) Symmetric and
transitive (d) Equivalence relation
17. The relation R defined in N as aRb  b is divisible by a is
(a) Reflexive but not symmetric (b) Symmetric but not transitive (c)
1
18. Let R be a relation on a set A such that R  R , then R is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) None of these
19. Let R = {(a, a)} be a relation on a set A. Then R is
(a) Symmetric (b) Antisymmetric
(c) Symmetric and antisymmetric (d) Neither symmetric nor
anti-symmetric
20. The relation "is subset of" on the power set P(A) of a set A is
(a) Symmetric (b) Anti-symmetric (c) Equivalency relation (d) None of these
21. The relation R defined on a set A is antisymmetric if (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R for

(a) Every (a, b)  R (b) No (a, b)  R (c) No (a, b), a  b, R (d) None of these

22. In the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, a relation R is defined by R = {(x, y)| x, y  A and x < y}. Then R is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) None of these
23. Let A be the non-void set of the children in a family. The relation x is a brother of y  on A is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) None of these
24. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and let R= {(2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2)} be a relation on A. Then R is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) None of these
25. The void relation on a set A is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric and transitive (c) Reflexive and symmetric (d)Reflexive and transitive
26. Let R1 be a relation defined by R1  {(a, b)| a  b, a, b  R} . Then R1 is

(a) An equivalence relation on R (b) Reflexive, transitive but

not symmetric
(c) Symmetric, Transitive but not reflexive (d) Neither transitive not reflexive but symmetric
27. Let A = {p, q, r}. Which of the following is an equivalence relation on A
(a) R1 = {(p, q), (q, r), (p, r), (p, p)} (b) R2 = {(r, q), (r, p), (r, r), (q, q)}

(c) R3 = {(p, p), (q, q), (r, r), (p, q)} (d) None of these

28. Which one of the following relations on R is an equivalence relation

(a) a R1 b | a | | b | (b) aR2b  a  b (c) aR3b  a divides b (d) aR4 b  a  b

29. If R is an equivalence relation on a set A, then R 1 is

30 Set Theory and Relations
(a) Reflexive only (b) Symmetric but not transitive (c) Equivalence (d)
30. R is a relation over the set of real numbers and it is given by nm  0 . Then R is
(a) Symmetric and transitive (b) Reflexive and symmetric (c) A partial order relation(d)
31. In order that a relation R defined on a non-empty set A is an equivalence relation, it is sufficient, if R
(a) Is reflextive (b) Is symmetric
(c) Is transitive (d) Possesses all the above three properties
32. The relation "congruence modulo m" is
(a) Reflexive only (b) Transitive only (c) Symmetric only (d) An equivalence relation
33. Solution set of x  3 (mod 7), x  Z , is given by

(a) {3} (b) {7 p  3 : p  Z} (c) {7 p  3 : p  Z} (d) None of these

34. Let R and S be two equivalence relations on a set A. Then
(a) R  S is an equivalence relation on A (b) R  S is an equivalence relation on A
(c) R  S is an equivalence relation on A (d) None of these
35. Let R and S be two relations on a set A. Then
(a) R and S are transitive, then R  S is also transitive (b) R and S are transitive, then R  S is also transitive
(c) R and S are reflexive, then R  S is also reflexive (d) R and S are symmetric then R  S is also
symmetric
36. Let R = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 2)} and S = {(2, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3)} be two relations on set A = {1, 2, 3}. Then RoS =
(a) {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3)} (b) {(3, 2), (1, 3)}
(c) {(2, 3), (3, 2), (2, 2)} (d) {(2, 3), (3, 2)}
1
37. In problem 36, RoS 
(a) {(2, 2), (3, 2) (b) {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2)} (c) {(1, 2), (2, 2)} (d) {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2),
(2, 3)}

Advance Level

38. Let R be a relation on the set N be defined by {(x, y)| x, y  N, 2x + y = 41}. Then R is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) None of these
39. Let L denote the set of all straight lines in a plane. Let a relation R be defined by R   ,,   L . Then R is

(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) None of these

40. Let T be the set of all triangles in the Euclidean plane, and let a relation R be defined on T by aRb iff
a  b, a, b  T . Then R is

(a) Reflexive but not transitive (b) Transitive but not symmetric (c) Equivalence
41. Two points P and Q in a plane are related if OP = OQ, where O is a fixed point. This relation is
(a) Partial order relation (b) Equivalence relation (c) Reflexive but not symmetric (d)
42. Let r be a relation over the set N × N and it is defined by (a, b)r(c, d)  a  d  b  c. Then r is

(a) Reflexive only (b) Symmetric only (c) Transitive only (d) An equivalence relation
43. Let L be the set of all straight lines in the Euclidean plane. Two lines l1 and l2 are said to be related by the
relation R iff l1 is parallel to l2 . Then the relation R is

(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) Equivalence

 Set Theory and Relations 31

44. Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R on the set Z of integers by, aRb  n | a  b |. Then R is

(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric (c) Transitive (d) Equivalence

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32 Set Theory and Relations

Answer Sheet (Advance & Basic Level)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

d c c c a a d d c c c a a b a,b b a b c b

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3 37 38 39 40
6

c c b,c c b b d a c d d d c b b,c,d c b d b c

41 42 43 44

b d a,b a,b
,c, ,c,
d d