Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
13 views

L5 Additional Notes of Power Flow Analysis

Uploaded by

Zherui Zhong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

L5 Additional Notes of Power Flow Analysis

Uploaded by

Zherui Zhong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON

POWER FLOW ANALYSIS


Power System Analysis Software

o There are many power system software available currently

o They are usually developed for transmission and/or distribution system.

o Most of the software are for single phase analysis

o Available for commercial and open source

o Many of these software have ‘academic’, ‘student’ or ‘free trial’ version.

2
PSS/Siemens PTI (USA)

o More info: https://pss-store.siemens.com/


o Educational version PSS/E University – free
o Used by transmission and distribution companies

3
DIgSilent – DIgSILENT GmbH (Germany)

o More info: Power System Solutions - DIgSILENT


o Educational version at a reduced price
o Superb functionality
o Used by transmission companies

4
PowerWorld – PowerWorld Corporation (USA)

o More info: https://www.powerworld.com/


o Free educational version

5
Example 6.9 (pg: 327, J.D. Glover’s Book)

6
PowerWorld Software (refer to J.D. Glover’s Book)

o See also Example 6.11 for the NR method.

7
IPSA Power – IPSA Power Group/TNEI (UK)

o More info: https://www.ipsa-power.com/


o Educational version at a reduced price
o Used by distribution companies in the UK and Middle East

8
DINIS (UK/Ireland)

o Old package: developed around mid of 1980


o Used for distribution network – 11kV system planning
o Background graphics in the form of bitmaps

9
OpenDSS – EPRI (USA)

o More info: https://sourceforge.net/projects/electricdss/


o Open source – entirely free

10
InterPSS (USA)

o More info: http://interpss.com/


o Open source – entirely free

11
Power Flow Applications in Planning

o Calculate bus voltage magnitude and angle


o Calculate line flows
o Check voltages and flows for all probable situations
o Initialise other calculations
- For dynamic studies
- For short circuit studies
- Etc.
o Forecast the load at all buses (or some of them)
o Forecast construction of generation plants
o In general, calculation of power flows for various generation and load scenarios
- Peak and light loads
- N-1, N-2 (i.e., outages of lines or generating plants)
o Key question: are all voltages and flows within limits?
12
What if power/current flows are too high?

o Build more lines


o Build lines with higher nominal voltage
o Build plants closer to the load centre

13
What if voltage are too low?

o Build more lines


o Build lines with higher nominal voltage
o Build plants closer to the load centre
o Add sources of reactive power (injection) closer to load

What if voltage are too high?

o Add sinks of reactive power (absorption)

14
Applications in Operation

o Goal: operate at minimum cost while maintaining system security


- For normal conditions
▪ All equipment available
- For contingency conditions
▪ Some equipment suddenly unavailable
▪ ‘N-1’ and ‘N-2’ security

15
Power Flow & Control

o Active power control


- Remedy flow problems
o Means :
- Generation re-dispatch
▪ Very effective but costly
- Quad boosters (aka phase shifters)
▪ Transformers that act as “MW pumps”
- Load shedding
▪ Used only as a last resort to avoid a system collapse

16
Power Flow & Control

o Reactive power control


- Remedy voltage problems
o Means :
- Voltage set-point of generators
- Tap-changing transformers
▪ Operate like “var pumps”
- Reactive compensation
▪ SVC (Static var compensator), MSC (mechanically switched capacitor),
MSR (mechanically switched reactor), synchronous condenser.
- Switch lines out of service (to lower voltage)
- Load shedding
▪ Used only as a last resort to avoid a system collapse

17

You might also like