Smart Energy Tracker using IoT

A Project Report

Submitted by
P S SURYANARAYANAN [FIT21EC098]
NIHAL FAIROOZ E S [FIT21EC091]
SINAAN HUSSAIN [FIT21EC109]
YASIN ASHRAF [FIT21EC125]

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the degree of

Bachelor ofTechnology in Electronics & Communication Engineering

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(FISAT)®
Angamaly-683577, Ernakulam
Affiliated to
APJ ABDULKALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Thiruvananthapuram-695016
May 2024
FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FISAT)®
Mookkannoor(P.O), Angamaly-683577(14)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report titled Smart Energy Tracker using
IoT submitted by P S Suryanarayanan(FIT21EC098), Nihal Fairooz E
S(FIT21EC091), Sinaan Hussain(FIT21EC109), Yasin Ashraf
(FIT21EC125)towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication
Engineering is a record of bonafide work carried out by them during the
academic year 2024 –2025.

Project Guide External Examiner Head of the Department

Signature:
Name:

Place:
Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all those who have contributed to the completion of this
project. Their support, guidance, and encouragement have been invaluable throughout this
journey.
First and foremost, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to Asst.Prof. Mr. Basil
K Jeemon, for their continuous support and guidance. Their expertise and insightful
feedback have been instrumental in shaping this project and pushing us towards excellence.
We are also immensely thankful to FISAT for providing us with the necessary resources,
facilities, and infrastructure essential for the successful execution of this project.
Furthermore, we would like to extend our thanks to our fellow classmates and colleagues for
their cooperation and assistance during various stages of this project. Their collaboration and
constructive discussions have enriched our understanding and helped us overcome many
challenges. Our team members for their dedication, hard work and collaboration in bringing
the flooring system, contributing their skill and efforts to its successful implementation.
Last but not least, we owe a debt of gratitude to our friends and family for their unwavering
encouragement, understanding, and patience throughout this endeavor. Their moral support
has been our source of strength during both the highs and lows of this project.
 ABSTRACT

The "Smart Energy Tracker using IoT" project leverages Internet of Things (IoT) technology
to provide a real-time solution for efficient energy management in both residential and
commercial settings. By monitoring the energy consumption of individual appliances and
devices, the system enables users to track their usage patterns in real-time via a mobile app.
This instant access to detailed consumption data allows users to make informed decisions on
optimizing their energy use, which can ultimately reduce costs and minimize energy waste.

Additionally, the tracker includes an alert system that notifies users when their energy
consumption reaches predefined thresholds. These alerts act as reminders, encouraging
timely adjustments to energy-intensive activities. The project aims to foster better energy
habits by giving users greater visibility and control over their usage, helping them identify
and mitigate excessive consumption. By promoting a more conscious approach to energy
management, the "Smart Energy Tracker using IoT" helps reduce utility bills and contributes
to a more sustainable and eco-friendly lifestyle.
 Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
ABBREVIATIONS

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General Background 1
1.2 Objective 2
1.3 Scope and Challenges 2

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

2.1Sustainable energy management using
the internet of things (IoT) 4
2.2 An advanced IoT based system for intelligent
energy management in building 5
2.3Smart Energy Meter and Monitoring System
using IoT 6
2.4A new AMR approach for energy saving
in Smart Grids using Smart Meter and
partial Power Line Communication 7

Chapter 3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 8

3.1 Design 8
3.2 Block Diagram 9
3.3 Implementation 10
3.4 Cost estimation of various components used 12
Chapter 4 SOFTWARE/TOOLS USED 13
4.1Hardware tools used
4.1.1ESP32 Microcontroller
4.1.2ZMPT101B Voltage sensor Module 14
4.1.3ET5735Current Sensor 15
4.2 software used 16
4.2.1Arduino IDE 16
4.2.2IoT Backend: Firebase 17
4.2.3Flutter for Mobile App 17
Chapter 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 19

Chapter 6 CONCLUSION 21

REFERENCES 22
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No. Fig. Name Page No.

3.1 Block Diagram 7

4.1.1 ESP32 13
4.1.2 ZMPT101BVoltage Sensor Module 14
4.1.3 ET535 Current sensor 15
5.1 Smart Energy Tracker 19
5.2 Serial Monitor Output 21
List of Tables

3.3 Cost Estimation 13

 ABBREVIATIONS

IoT : Internet of Things

GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication
GPIO: General Purpose Input/Output
PWM: Pulse Width Modulation
GPS: Global Positioning System
Wifi: Wireless Fidelity
Smart Energy Tracker Using IoT

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

With the rapid growth of IoT technology, energy management solutions have taken a
transformative leap toward efficiency, accessibility, and real-time control. The Smart Energy
Tracker using IoT project represents an innovative approach to monitoring and managing
energy consumption, addressing the need for greater insight and control over how power is
used at an appliance level. By leveraging IoT capabilities, this project empowers users with
real-time data and customizable alerts, which enable proactive energy management. Through
a user-friendly mobile app, the system not only helps reduce energy costs but also encourages
more sustainable energy habits, aligning individual actions with broader environmental
goals. This report explores the background, objectives, and challenges involved in
developing and implementing this smart energy management solution.

1.1 General Background

The Smart Energy Tracker using IoT project emerges in response to growing economic and
environmental pressures to manage energy usage more effectively. As energy prices rise and
the environmental impacts of energy waste become more prominent, both individual users
and organizations are seeking innovative ways to reduce consumption. Traditional methods
of monitoring, such as monthly utility bills, lack the precision and immediacy needed to
foster proactive energy management. These methods fail to show real-time data and often
leave users unaware of specific patterns or the devices responsible for high energy
consumption. With advancements in IoT, this project leverages smart devices to provide a
continuous, detailed view of energy consumption at the appliance level. By integrating IoT
capabilities with a mobile app, the Smart Energy Tracker enables users to track, analyze, and
control energy usage instantly, setting the stage for a more interactive and efficient energy
management solution that adapts to evolving user needs and fits into the larger trend toward
smart home and office ecosystems.

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1.2 Objective
The main objective of the Smart Energy Tracker is to enhance users’ ability to monitor and
manage their energy consumption efficiently. By providing appliance-specific, real-time data
through a mobile application, the system allows users to identify high-usage appliances
instantly and assess their consumption patterns. This information enables users to make
informed decisions on when to reduce usage or power down devices, promoting cost savings
and encouraging environmentally friendly habits. Key features of the system include real-
time monitoring, data visualization, and customizable alerts that notify users when energy
consumption exceeds predetermined thresholds. In addition, the app offers insights into
cumulative usage, which helps users track trends over time, set usage goals, and adjust their
habits accordingly. By delivering accessible data and actionable insights, the project aims to
create an intuitive tool that not only promotes energy efficiency but also inspires users to
adopt more sustainable energy practices.

1.3 Scope and Challenges

The Smart Energy Tracker is designed to serve a wide range of users across residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors, making it versatile enough to meet the varying demands
of each setting. In residential environments, the tracker supports sustainable energy habits by
providing insights into daily consumption and helping homeowners reduce unnecessary
usage. In commercial and industrial settings, the tracker aids in managing operational costs
by identifying high-consumption equipment and encouraging energy-efficient practices.
However, the project faces several challenges that require careful consideration. Ensuring
consistent, accurate tracking across diverse types of appliances is essential, as different
devices have unique power consumption profiles and behavior patterns. Another challenge
is the seamless integration of the tracker with other smart home systems, requiring
compatibility with various technologies and standards without compromising on
performance. Maintaining user engagement is also critical; if users ignore alerts or fail to act

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on the data provided, the system’s potential impact on cost savings and sustainability is
diminished. Finally, influencing behavioral change remains a challenge, as long-term success
depends on users’ willingness to adjust their consumption habits based on the insights they
receive.

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Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Sustainable energy management using the Internet of Things (IoT)

Authors: MH Shah, S Khan, A Khan, I Khan, SM Eldin

Journal: PLOS ONE
Published on: 2023

▪ The system is designed to be consumer-friendly, reducing human effort and fatigue

while integrating modern technology with traditional energy systems
.
▪ It uses sensors to measure energy consumption. If usage exceeds a set limit, an
Arduino microcontroller cuts off the power supply by activating a relay module.

▪ A GSM module enables two-way communication between consumers and authorities,

providing notifications in case of any issues

▪ The system supports energy management by controlling power allocation to

consumers, promoting sustainability and positioning Pakistan as a leader in smart
energy solutions.

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2.2 An advanced IoT-based system for intelligent energy management in

buildings

Authors: V Marinakis, H Doukas

Journal: Sensors
Published on: 2018

▪ The IoT system allows building occupants to see their total energy consumption and
individual contributions, along with personalized recommendations for saving
energy.

▪ It is designed to be flexible and easily customizable for both administrators and users,
making it scalable according to needs.

▪ The system uses sensors to collect real-time data on energy use and occupancy,
helping users understand how to improve efficiency in their buildings.

▪ Semantic Web technologies can enhance Smart City initiatives by enabling better
energy monitoring and management for city authorities.

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2.3. Smart Energy Meter and Monitoring System using IoT

Authors: N Sulthana, N Rashmi, NY Prakyathi, S Bhavana, KBS Kumar

Journal: International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology

Published on: 2020

▪ The smart energy monitoring system consists of an Arduino, Wi-Fi module, and an
energy meter.

▪ It automatically reads energy usage from the meter and allows for home automation
through a dedicated app, enabling efficient power management.

▪ The proposed system is designed to consume less energy and minimize manual labor.

▪ It enables centralized monitoring of monthly energy consumption from a remote

location, reducing the need for manual meter readings by allowing data to be sent
directly to a central office.

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2.4. A new AMR approach for energy saving in Smart Grids using Smart
Meter and partial Power Line Communication

Authors: A Garrab, A Bouallegue, FB Abdallah

Journal: IEEE Conference Proceedings

Published on: 2012

▪ The paper discusses an Automated Meter Reading (AMR) solution designed for
electricity pricing aimed at end users.

▪ This solution is comprehensive, offering real-time information and modern energy

management techniques that help users save both energy and money.

▪ The AMR system identifies peak demand times and analyzes the causes, which is
crucial for the efficient delivery of power from generation units to users.

▪ By providing timely information, the AMR solution empowers residents to manage

their energy use more effectively, making their homes smarter in energy
management.

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Chapter 3

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Design
1. Component Selection and Integration:
o Select the core components: ESP32 microcontroller, ZMPT101B voltage
sensor, and ET5735 current sensor.
o Integrate the sensors with the ESP32 to monitor voltage and current for energy
consumption.
2. Circuit Design:
o Design the circuit by wiring the voltage sensor and current sensor to the
ESP32. Ensure proper calibration of the sensors to provide accurate voltage
and current readings.
o Ensure the ESP32’s power supply and ground connections are properly
established.
3. Data Processing:
o Implement the formula Power (W) = Voltage (V) × Current (I) in the
Arduino code running on the ESP32.
o Program the ESP32 to continuously acquire data from the voltage and current
sensors, process this data, and calculate real-time power consumption.
4. Wireless Communication:
o Use the integrated Wi-Fi capabilities of the ESP32 to transmit the processed
data to a mobile app in real-time.
o Ensure the communication protocol between the ESP32 and mobile app is
stable and secure.
5. Mobile Application Design:
o Design a mobile app that displays real-time energy consumption data in a
user-friendly interface.
o Include features to track historical energy usage trends, set consumption

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thresholds, and receive alerts if energy usage exceeds the set limits.

6. User Interaction:
o Implement the functionality in the mobile app to allow users to interact with
the data, configure energy consumption thresholds, and receive timely
notifications of usage spikes.
o Ensure that the app is intuitive, with easy navigation for viewing energy usage
data and managing settings.

3.2 Block Diagram

Figure 3.1:Blocck Diagram

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3.3 IMPLEMENTATION

▪ In the implementation phase, the system was powered up, and the components were
connected according to the design specifications. The ESP32 microcontroller first
performed a self-check to verify that the voltage sensor, current sensor, and Wi-Fi
module were functioning properly.

▪ After the self-check, the sensors were calibrated to ensure that accurate voltage and
current measurements were being collected. The Arduino code was then written and
uploaded to the ESP32 to handle data acquisition from the sensors and process the
data.

▪ The sensors continuously collected voltage and current values, which were then used
to calculate real-time power consumption using the formula Power (W) = Voltage
(V) × Current (I).

▪ This power data was transmitted via the ESP32’s Wi-Fi module to a mobile app that
displays the data on the user interface. The app allows users to view current power
usage in real time, check historical trends, and receive alerts if the energy
consumption exceeds predefined thresholds set by the user.

▪ The implementation was completed with an intuitive app interface that ensures a
smooth user experience while providing valuable insights into energy usage and
helping users optimize their energy consumption.

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3.3 COST ESTIMATION

Table 3.1 Cost Estimation

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Chapter 4

HARDWARES AND SOFTWARES USED

4.1 HARDWARES

4.1.1 ESP32 Microcontroller

Figure 4.1: ESP32

The ESP32 microcontroller is a versatile, cost-effective, and energy-efficient microcontroller

designed specifically for IoT applications. Known for its powerful dual-core processor and
integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, the ESP32 allows for easy integration with smart
home devices, cloud platforms, and various IoT networks, making it highly popular for a
wide range of projects. The ESP32 chip has 48 pins, though not all pins are accessible on
every development board, and certain pins are reserved for specific functions, making it
essential to understand the limitations of each board. Among its core pin functions, the 3.3V
pin supplies power to external components that operate at 3.3 volts, while the GND (Ground)
pin is essential for establishing a common ground in circuits. The Vin pin allows users to
power the board directly with voltages typically ranging from 5 to 12 volts. Additionally, the
ESP32 offers 32 General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins, which are highly versatile and
can be used for multiple purposes, such as input, output, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM),

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and various communication protocols. This combination of connectivity, power

management, and functionality makes the ESP32 an ideal choice for IoT applications that
demand flexibility and efficiency..

4.1.2 ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor Module

Figure 4.2:ZMPT101B Voltage sensor

The ZMPT101B module is a reliable and precise voltage sensing component commonly used
in home energy monitoring systems. It is designed to measure AC voltages accurately,
making it essential for applications where real-time voltage monitoring is needed to track
energy consumption effectively. One of the key advantages of the ZMPT101B is its non-
invasive design, which allows it to be easily integrated into existing electrical systems
without needing direct contact with high-voltage lines, thus ensuring safety and ease of
installation. The module’s pin configuration includes a VCC pin for the 5V DC power supply,
a GND pin for establishing a common ground, and an OUT pin that provides an analog output
signal representing the measured AC voltage. This analog signal can be fed into a
microcontroller, such as the ESP32, for processing and displaying voltage data, making the
ZMPT101B an ideal choice for seamless voltage monitoring in smart energy management
systems.

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4.1.3 ET5735 current sensor

Figure 4.3: ET5735 current sensor

The ET5735 is a widely used current sensor designed for measuring AC currents up to
specified limits, which vary depending on the specific model of the sensor. Utilizing the Hall
Effect principle, the ET5735 can detect and measure current without requiring direct
electrical contact with the conductor, making it a non-invasive and safe option for monitoring
current flow. This characteristic is particularly beneficial in applications like smart energy
monitoring, where it’s essential to measure current accurately while maintaining electrical
isolation. The ET5735’s pin configuration includes a VCC pin for the positive voltage supply,
typically 5V, to power the sensor. The OUT pin provides an analog output that corresponds
to the detected current, which can be easily read by a microcontroller, such as an Arduino or
ESP32, for real-time data processing and analysis. Lastly, the GND pin is used to establish a
common ground within the circuit, ensuring stable sensor operation. With its accuracy and
ease of use, the ET5735 is ideal for current monitoring applications in IoT-based energy
management systems.

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4.2 SOFTWARES

4.2.1 Arduino IDE

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a popular and user-friendly

platform for writing and compiling firmware for microcontrollers, making it an ideal choice
for both beginners and experienced developers.

With its intuitive code editor and streamlined interface, the Arduino IDE simplifies the
development process by allowing users to write code, compile it, and upload it to
microcontroller boards, all within a single environment. One of its major advantages is the
extensive collection of pre-built libraries available to developers, which significantly
accelerates development by providing ready-to-use functions for a wide range of tasks, from
sensor integration to communication protocols. Additionally, the Arduino IDE supports a
variety of microcontrollers, including ESP32 boards, providing built-in tools to configure
board settings, select different variants of the microcontroller, and enable specific features
such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. This makes the IDE particularly well-suited for IoT projects,
as developers can easily harness the full potential of the ESP32’s connectivity and processing
capabilities, enhancing the scope and functionality of their projects.

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4.2.2 IoT Backend: Firebase

Firebase is a backend platform developed by Google, ideal for IoT projects due to its real-
time database and cloud services. It allows seamless data synchronization between devices
and cloud storage, making it perfect for applications that require instant updates, like
monitoring sensor data. Firebase provides features like authentication for secure access and
Cloud Functions to automate actions based on events. Its real-time database and Firestore
make data retrieval and storage easy, ensuring efficient management of IoT data. Firebase’s
tools enable developers to quickly build scalable and responsive IoT applications with
minimal backend management.

4.2.3 Flutter for Mobile App

Flutter is a powerful open-source framework developed by Google, designed to simplify the

process of building high-performance, cross-platform mobile applications. It allows
developers to write a single codebase that can be deployed to both Android and iOS devices,

significantly reducing development time and effort. Flutter uses the Dart programming
language, which is optimized for building fast and responsive apps. One of the standout
features of Flutter is its hot reload capability, enabling developers to instantly see changes
made to the app’s code in the real-time preview, which accelerates the development process.

Flutter comes with a wide range of customizable widgets, giving developers full control over
the design of the user interface. These widgets allow for the creation of smooth, visually
appealing, and responsive UIs that work seamlessly across different devices and screen sizes.

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Additionally, Flutter supports accessing native device features such as camera, GPS, and
sensors through a variety of plugins, making it an excellent choice for developing IoT-based
applications like the Smart Energy Tracker. By integrating with hardware components and
leveraging the power of IoT, Flutter ensures that the app provides users with a highly
interactive and intuitive experience while tracking energy consumption in real time.

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Chapter 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 5.1 Smart Energy Tracker

In this stage of the project, the ZMPT101B voltage sensor and the ET5735 current sensor
were successfully connected to the Arduino Uno to measure the voltage and current,

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respectively, of a connected load (in this case, a bulb).

The ZMPT101B voltage sensor was used to measure the AC voltage, while the ET5735
current sensor was employed to measure the current flowing through the circuit. After wiring
the sensors correctly to the appropriate pins on the Arduino Uno, the Arduino code was
written and uploaded using the Arduino IDE. The code was designed to read the analog
voltage from the ZMPT101B and the analog current from the ET5735, convert these analog
readings into real-world values (voltage in volts and current in amperes), and then calculate
the power consumed by the bulb using the formula:
Power (W)=Voltage (V)×Current (A)

The calculated power values, along with the real-time voltage and current readings, were
displayed on the Arduino's Serial Monitor for observation. This process allowed for the
continuous monitoring of the energy consumption of the bulb, providing valuable data for
analyzing the system's performance. The successful integration of the sensors and the
accurate representation of the measurements on the Serial Monitor demonstrated the effective
operation of the system for measuring and calculating electrical power in an energy-
consuming device.

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Figure 5.2: Serial Monitor output

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Chapter 6

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the "Smart Energy Tracker using IoT" project successfully demonstrated the
potential of IoT technology for real-time energy monitoring and management. By integrating
the ESP32 microcontroller with the ZMPT101B voltage sensor and ET5735 current sensor,
the system was able to precisely measure voltage, current, and power consumption of
electrical devices, such as a bulb, with high accuracy. The Arduino-based code facilitated
seamless data acquisition, processing, and real-time display of these measurements on the
Serial Monitor, enabling users to effectively monitor and analyze their energy usage.

The project not only underscores the significance of energy efficiency but also lays the
groundwork for future enhancements. One such improvement would be integrating the
system with a mobile app for a more interactive and user-friendly experience, allowing users
to remotely monitor energy consumption, set thresholds, and receive alerts. Additionally,
features such as historical data analysis and energy-saving suggestions could be incorporated
to further optimize energy usage.

By empowering users to track their energy consumption and providing them with the tools
for proactive energy management, this project contributes to both cost savings and
sustainability. As energy efficiency continues to be a pressing global concern, the "Smart
Energy Tracker" serves as an effective and scalable solution for homes and businesses,
promoting eco-friendly consumption and paving the way for more sustainable and intelligent
energy management systems in the future.

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REFERENCES

[1] Shah, Mian Hazrat, Shahbaz Khan, Asif Khan, Ilyas Khan, and Sayed M. Eldin.
"Sustainable energy management using the Internet of Things (IoT)." Plos one 18, no. 6
(2023): e0283754.

[2] Marinakis, Vangelis, and Haris Doukas. "An advanced IoT-based system for intelligent
energy management in buildings." Sensors 18, no. 2 (2018): 610

[3] Naziya, Sulthana, N. Rashmi, N. Y. Prakyathi, S. Bhavana, and KB Shiva Kumar. "Smart
Energy Meter and Monitoring System using IoT." International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology 8, no. 14, Special Issue (2020).

[4] Garrab, Asma, Adel Bouallegue, and Faten Ben Abdallah. "A new AMR approach for
energy saving in Smart Grids using Smart Meter and partial Power Line Communication."
In 2012 First International Conference on Renewable Energies and Vehicular Technology,
pp. 263-269. IEEE, 2012.

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