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Chapter 2_Section2.2 Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

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12 views

Chapter 2_Section2.2 Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Uploaded by

5gtc49pvns
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

SECTION 2.

APPLICATIONS OF
EXPONENTIAL
AND
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS
APPLICATIONS
1) Exponential growth or decay
2) Loans, mortgages,
investments
3) Using a log scale:
Sound intensity (decibels)
Acidity (pH) of a solution
Earthquake intensity
(Richter scale) 2
POPULATION DOUBLING TIME MODEL

A = population at time t
𝐴0 = population at time t = 0
OR
Initial population
OR
Population at the Beginning

d = Doubling time
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH MODEL

A = population at time t
𝐴0 = population at time t = 0
OR
Initial population
OR
Population at the Beginning

k = Relative growth rate


HALF- LIFE DECAY MODEL

A = population at time t
𝐴0 = population at time t = 0
OR
Initial population
OR
Population at the Beginning

h = Half-life.
EXPONENTIAL DECAY MODEL

A = population at time t
𝐴0 = population at time t = 0
OR
Initial population
OR
Population at the Beginning

k = Decay rate.
RULES

d = Doubling time

k = Relative growth rate

h = Half-life.

k = Decay rate.
EXAMPLE
The half-life of radium-226 is 1,590 years. How much
of a 100 mg sample will be left in 500 years?

ℎ = 1590
𝐴0 = 100
𝑡 = 500
𝑡
−
𝐴= 𝐴0 2 ℎ
500
−
A= 100(2 ) 1590

𝐴 = 80.4 𝑚𝑔
8
EXAMPLE
Researchers recorded that a certain bacteria
population grew from 100 to 300 in 3 hours.
1) Find the Growth rate k
𝐴 = 300 𝐴 = 𝐴0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝐴0 = 100 300= 100(𝑒 𝑘×3 ) 1.1 = 3𝑘 ln 𝑒
𝑡=3 300 1.1 = 3𝑘 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝐥𝐧 𝒆 = 𝟏)
= 𝑒 𝑘×3
100 1.1
3 = 𝑒 3𝑘 𝑘 = = 0.37
3
Apply logarithm
on both sides
ln 3 = ln 𝑒 3𝑘
9
EXAMPLE CONTINUED
2) How many bacteria will there be 24 hours from the
start of the experiment?

𝐴0 = 100
𝑡 = 24
𝑘 = 0.37
𝐴 = 𝐴0 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
= 100(𝑒 0.37×24 )
= 718679.074

10
EXAMPLE
A 30 grams of radioactive element reduced to 7 grams
in 20 years. Calculate the half life of the radio active
element.
20
−ℎ
𝐴=7 −
𝑡 ln 0.23 = ln(2 )
𝐴 = 𝐴0 2 ℎ
20
𝐴0 = 30 −
20 −1.47 = − ln 2
𝑡 = 20 7= 30(2 ℎ ) ℎ
20
7 −
20 −1.47 = − × 0.69
=2 ℎ ℎ
13.8
30
−
20 −1.47 = −
0.23 = 2 ℎ ℎ
13.8
ℎ=− = 9.4 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
Apply logarithm 1.47
on both sides 11
QUESTIONS
1) According to a 2008 estimate, the population of
Nicaragua was about 5.7 million, and that population is
growing due to high birth rate and relatively low mortality
rate. If the population continues to grow at the current
rate, it will double in 37 years. If the growth remains
steady, what will the population be in
(A) 15 years ? (B) 40 years
2) The use of insecticide DDT is no longer allowed in many
countries because of its long-term adverse effects. If a farmer
uses 25 pounds of active DDT, assuming half-life is 12 years,
how much will still be active after
(A) 5 years? (B) 20 years
12
QUESTIONS
3) The half-life of Plutonium-241 is 13 years. How much of an
initial 2g sample will remain after 5 years?
4) At the start of an experiment, 2000 bacteria are present in
a colony. Two hours later, the population is 3800.
a) Determine the growth constant k.
b) Determine the population five hours after the start of
the experiment.
c) When will the population reach 10,000?
5) The half-life of Sodium-24 is 14.9 hours. Suppose that a
hospital buys a 40g sample of Sodium-24.
a) How much of the sample will remain after 48 hours?
b) How long will it be until only one gram remains?
13
QUESTIONS
6) There are 2 × 104 bacteria present in a colony at the
beginning of an experiment. Eight hours later, the
population is 3 × 104
a) Determine the growth constant k.
b) What was the population two hours after the start of
the experiment?
c) How long will it take for the population to triple?

14

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