GenMath Module 5 Lesson 2-Representing Real Life Situation Using Exponential FCN

General Mathematics
Grade 11
Chapter 4:
Exponential Functions
Module 5: Lesson 2
Representing Rea-Life Situations Using
❑ At the end of this lesson, you will be able to represent real-life
situations using exponential functions.
❑ Lesson Outline:
1. Exponential functions and their transformations
2. Exponential growth and decay
3. Compound interest
4. The natural exponential function
Individual Activity:
❑ Materials: string, 2 meter long and a pair of scissors
❑ Instructions:
a) At Step 0, there’s 1 string.
b) At Step 1, fold the string into two parts then cut at the
middles. How many strings of equal length do you
have? Write your answer in the given table.
c) Continue the process until the table is complete.
Step 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of 1
String
Questions:
❖What patterns can be
observed from the data?
➢ It can be observed that as the step
number increases by one, the number of
strings doubles.
Questions:
❖Define a formula for the number

strings as a function of the step.
➢ If n is the number of strings and s is
s
the step number, then n=2 .
Exponential Function
An exponential function with
base b is a function of the
form f(x) = bx or y = bx ,
where b > 0, b ≠ 1.
Examples of Exponential Functions
f(x) = 3x f(x) = 10x
f(x) = x
2 +1 f(x) = ¼x
Examples of not Exponential Functions
3 x
f(x) = x f(x) = 1
f(x) = xx
f(x) = -4x f(x) = −4
1
f(x) = -4x , where1x=
2
Note: Negative numbers don't have real square
f(x) = (-4)2 roots since a square is either positive or 0.
Example 1.
Complete a table of values for x = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 for the
exponential functions of y= (1Τ3) x, y = 10x and y= (0.8)x .
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y= ( 𝟏Τ𝟑 ) x 1ൗ 1ൗ 1ൗ
27 9 3 1 3 9 27
1. Substitute the value of x: 2. If x is negative, get 3. Then, evaluate to get the

y= ( 𝟏Τ𝟑 ) -3 the reciprocal of answer.
base, y= ( 𝟑Τ𝟏 ) 3 y= (3) 3 , y= 27
Example 1.
Complete a table of values for x = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 for the
exponential functions of y= (1Τ3) x, y = 10x and y= (0.8)x .
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
1ൗ
y= 10x 1ൗ
1000
1ൗ
100 10 1 10 100 1000
y= (0.8)x 1.9531 1.5625 1.25 1 0.8 0.64 0.512
1. Substitute the value of x. 2. If x is negative, get

3. Then, evaluate to get the answer.
the reciprocal of
base.
Example 2.
x 𝟏
If f(x) = 3 , evaluate f(2), f(-2), f( ), and f(0.4).
𝟐
f(x) = 3x where f(2) f(x) = 32 f(x) = 9

1 2 1
f(x) = 3x where f(-2) f(x) = 3-2 f(x) = f(x) =
9
3
𝟏
f(x) = 3x where f( )
𝟐
f(x) = 31/2 f(x) = 3
f(x) = 3x where f(0.4) f(x) = 3(0.4) f(x) = 3 40/100 5 2

f(x) = 3 4/10 f(x) = 3
5
f(x) = 3 2/5 f(x) = 9
Remember:
✓ Let b be a positive number not equal
to 1.
✓ A transformation of an exponential
function with base b is a function of the
form:
g(x) = a .b x-c + d
where a, c and d are real numbers.
Representing Rea-Life Situations Using
✓ Exponential function occurs in various real
world situations.
✓ The most common applications in real-life of
exponential functions and their transformations are:
➢ population growth ➢ exponential decay
➢ compound interest
Exponential Models and
Population Growth
❖ Suppose a quantity y doubles every
T units of time. If y0 is the initial
amount, then the quantity y after t
units of time is given by y = y0(2)t/T
Exponential Models and Population Growth
Example 3.
Let t=time in days. At t=0, there were initially 20 bacteria.
Suppose that the bacteria doubles every 100 hours. Give an
exponential model for the bacteria as a function of t.
Initially, at t = 0 number of bacteria = 20
t = 100 number of bacteria = 20 (2)
t = 200 number of bacteria = 20 (2)2
➢ An exponential model for this is y = 20 (2)t/100
Exponential Models and Population Growth
Example 4.
At time = 0, a beehive has 200 bees. After 15 days, the total
number of bees in the beehive is tripled.
a) Give an exponential model for the situation.
b) How many bees are there in the beehive after 60 days.
Given: y0 = 200 T = 15 t=60
a) Give an exponential b. How many bees are there in the
model for the beehive after 60 days.
situation. y = y0 ( )t/T
t/T y = 200 (3)60/15 There are 16,200 bees
y = y0 ( ) y = 200 (3)4 in the beehive after 15
y = 200 (3) 60/15
y = 200.(81)
days.
y = 16,200
Exponential Decay
❖ Exponential functions can be
used to model radioactive decay.
❖The half-life of a radioactive
substance is the time it takes
for half of the substance.
𝟏 t/T
y= y0( )
𝟐
Example 5.
Suppose that the half-life of a certain
radioactive substance in 10 days and there are
10g initially, determine the amount of substance
remaining after 30 days.
Initially, at t = 0 amount of substance = 10g
at t = 10 days amount of substance = 5g
at t = 20 days amount of substance = 2.5g
at t = 30 days amount of substance = 1.25g
An exponential model for this 𝟏
𝟏
Substitute: y = 10( )t/10
𝟐
situation is y = y0( )t/T
𝟐
Example 6
The half –life of strontium-90 is 28 years. How
much a 20g sample will remain after 15 years?
a) Give an exponential model for the situation.
b) How much amount of sample will remain after 15 years?
Given: y0 = 20 T = 28 t=15
a. An exponential model b. How much amount of sample

for this situation is will remain after 15 years?
𝟏
𝟏 15/28 y = 20(𝟐)15/28
y = 20( )
𝟐 The remained amount of sample
after 15 years is13.7963 g.
Compound Interest
❖ A starting amount of money ( called principal) can be
invested at a certain rate that is earned at the end of a
given period of time. If the interest is compounded, the
interest earned at the end of the period is added to the
principal, and this new amount will earn interest in the
next period.
❖If a principal P is invested at an annual rate
of r, compounded annually then the amount
after t years is given by A= P(1+r)t.
Compound Interest
Example 7.
Mrs. de la Cruz invested 100,000php in a company that offers 6% interest
compounded annually. How much will this investment be worth at the end of
each year for the next 5 years?
Let t be the time in years.
Initially, at t = 0 Investment = 100,000
t=1 Investment = 100,000 (1.06)= 106,000
t=2 Investment = 106,000 (1.06)= 112,360
t=3 Investment = 112,360 (1.06)= 119,101.60
t=4 Investment = 119,101.6 (1.06)=126,247.70
t=5 Investment = 126,247.70 (1.06)=133,822.56
➢ An exponential model for this is y = 100,000 (1.06)t

Compound Interest
Example 7.
Mrs. de la Cruz invested 100,000php in a company that offers 6% interest
compounded annually. How much will this investment be worth at the end of
each year for the next 5 years?
Given: P = 100,000 r = 6% or 0.06 t = 5
Solution:
Formula A= P(1+r)t
Substitute the given A= 100,000 (1+ 0.06)5
Evaluate A= 100,000 (1.06)5
A= 133,822.56 php
Natural Exponential Function
❖An exponential function may have various
bases, a frequently used is the irrational
number approximately 2.71828.
❖The natural exponential function is the

function f(x)= ex.
Natural Exponential Function
Example 8.
A large slab of meat is taken from the refrigerator and placed in a
pre-heated oven. The temperature T of the slab t minutes after
being placed in the oven is given by T= 170-165e0.006t degrees
Celsius. Construct a table of values for the following values of t:
0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and interpret your results. Round off
values to the nearest integer.
t 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
T 5 15 24 32 40 47 54
➢ The slab of meat is increasing in temperature at

roughly at the same rate.

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General Mathematics

❖Define a formula for the number

f(x) = 3x f(x) = 10x

1. Substitute the value of x: 2. If x is negative, get 3. Then, evaluate to get the

1. Substitute the value of x. 2. If x is negative, get

f(x) = 3x where f(2) f(x) = 32 f(x) = 9

f(x) = 3x where f(0.4) f(x) = 3(0.4) f(x) = 3 40/100 5 2

➢ population growth ➢ exponential decay

a. An exponential model b. How much amount of sample

➢ An exponential model for this is y = 100,000 (1.06)t

❖The natural exponential function is the

➢ The slab of meat is increasing in temperature at

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