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Sampling Procedure

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christabellecastillo97
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6 views

Sampling Procedure

Uploaded by

christabellecastillo97
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLING

PROCEDURE OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Prepared by: Ms. Micaella M. Olivar
What is Sampling?
It is a process of getting information
from a proper subset of population
Choosing of respondents or
subjects from a large population to
answer your research questions
(selecting only the part of the whole)
(Babbie, 2012).
Why do we need to use sampling?
Get information about large populations
Less costs
Less field time
More accuracy
When it’s impossible to study the
whole population
When will you use the entire population as
your sample?
 When your population is very
small.
When you have extensive
resources.
When you don’t expect a very high
response.
Take note of the following terms:
Population
-an aggregate or a set of all units/cases
(may be people, things, events, etc.) being
studied having at least one common
characteristics
-a big group of people from where you
choose the sample
Population
Example:
The total number of carabaos in Barangay
X.
All students of KNCHS during the second
semester of SY 2017-2018.
SAMPLE
-“a smaller (but hopefully representative)
collection of units from a population used to
determine truths about that population” (Field,
2005)
- a chosen set of people to represent the
population
-randomly selected subgroup of people or
objects from the overall membership pool of a
define target population
SAMPLING UNIT
- term referring to every individual in
the population
SAMPLE SIZE
- the number of respondents/subjects
that you are going to use in the study
-could be gotten through the use of
Slovin’s Formula ( n= N/ 1 + N𝒆^𝟐 )
Remember:
1. You need to use first the Slovin’s
Formula in getting the sample.
n= N/ 1 + N𝑒^2
n= sample
N= total population
𝑒^2= margin of error preferred
Ex. Find the sample size required for a
population size of 1000 if an error of 0.05 is
tolerated.
n= N/ 1 + N𝑒^2
(N= 1000 e= 0.05)
n= (1,000)/1+(1,000)((0.05)(0.05))
n= 286
2. After obtaining the size of the sample, you may now
determine the sampling techniques to be employed.
Factors Affecting Sample Selection
1. Sample size
oHow big should the sample be?
oBased on other’s previous study on how they
got their sample
oEnsure the representativeness or accuracy
of sample size
Factors Affecting Sample Selection
2. Sampling Technique
otwo types: probability sampling and non-
probability sampling
obias is one of the causes of sampling errors
(sampling procedure must be accurate)
3. Heterogeneity of Population
oheterogeneous population is composed of
individuals with varied abilities
Factors Affecting Sample Selection
4. Statistical Techniques
oaccuracy of sample depends on how
precise or accurate your methods are in
calculating the numbers used in
measuring the chosen samples or giving a
certain value to each of them
Factors Affecting Sample Selection
5. Time and Cost
oconsider the amount of money you will
fork out for the materials you will need in
getting your sample
otime and effort should also be considered
in choosing your sample
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
oeach member of the defined population has an
equal chance of being selected
ogives the researcher the opportunity to assess
sampling error
oenables investigators to specify the size of the
sample that they will need if they want to obtain
degree of certainty that the sample size would
definitely represent the whole
ousually used in descriptive research
Types of Probability Sampling
1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING (SRS)
•most basic and commonly-used sampling
technique in descriptive research
•can be done through lottery or fish bowl
method and also with the use of the table of
random numbers
Procedure in obtaining sample using lottery or
fish bowl technique.
Compute the sample size.
1. Determine where you will get your sample.
2. Determine the technique in selecting your respondents.
3. Make a listing or assign numbers to each of the total
population
4.Put them in a container or box, then draw the sample.
5. After drawing the sample, refer to your listing and
determine the actual names of the respondents.
2. SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
Another version of selecting respondents
using the systematic random sampling
-Writing numbers 1-10 on a piece of paper,
put it in a container, and pick a number. The
number that will be picked will be the starting
number and the interval to be used in the
selection of respondents.
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
o used by making subdivisions of the total population into
smaller groups to represent the sample of the study;
Sometimes called "proportional" random sampling
o different strata (groups) in the population are defined
and each member of the stratum is listed
o this type of sampling assures adequate cases for sub-
group analysis
o A stratum is a subset of the population that share at
least one common characteristic; such as males and
females
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
o

Then, do the SRS in every stratum/group in getting the representative


hospital of every place identified in Region XII
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
o

Then, do the SRS in every stratum/group in getting the representative


hospital of every place identified in Region XII
4. CLUSTER SAMPLING
-selecting respondents in clusters rather than in
separate individuals such as choosing 5 classes
of 40 classes each from a whole population of 5,
000 students
-population divided into clusters of homogeneous
units, usually based on geographical contiguity.
Cluster: a group of sampling units close to each other
i.e. crowding together in the same area or
neighborhood.
5. Multi-stage sampling
-divides large populations into stages to
make the sampling process more practical.
-A combination of stratified sampling or
cluster sampling and simple random
sampling is usually used.
Example:
Let’s say you wanted to find out which
subjects Philippine school children preferred. A
population list — a list of all Philippine
schoolchildren– would be near-impossible to
come by, so you cannot take a sample of the
population.
Instead, you divide the population into
regions and take a simple random sample of
regions. For the next stage, you might take a
simple random sample of schools from
within those regions. Finally, you could
perform simple random sampling on the
students within the schools to get your
sample.
Note: In order to classify multistage sampling
as probability sampling, each stage must
involve a probability sampling method.
Real Life Examples Multistage Sampling
The Gallup poll uses multistage sampling. For
example, they might randomly choose a certain
number of area codes then randomly sample a
number of phone numbers from within each area
code.
Johnston et. al’s survey on drug use in high schools
used three stage sampling: geographic areas,
followed by high schools within those areas, followed
by senior students in those schools.
Real Life Examples Multistage Sampling
The Australian Bureau of Statistics divides
cities into “collection districts”, then blocks,
then households. Each stage uses random
sampling, creating a need to list specific
households only after the final stage of
sampling. (Mcburney & White, 2014)

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