GENPHYSICS L3 CENTER OF MASS, MOMENTUM, IMPULSE AND COLLISION

center
of
MASS,
MOMENTUM,
IMPULSE
AND COLLISION
OBJECTIVES:
Differentiate center of mass and geometric center.
Relate the center of mass of a system to the momentum
and net external force acting on the system.
Relate the momentum, impulse, force and time of
contact in the system.
Explain the necessary conditions for conservation of
linear Momentum to be valid.
Compare and contrast elastic and inelastic collisions.
Solve problems involving center of mass, momentum,
impulse and collision.
Center of
MASS
Mass in physics is defined as the measure of
MASS the amount of matter present in an object or

a system. Everything around us has mass.
Mass is an intrinsic characteristic of an

object and is independent of its location or
the forces acting upon it.
Standard Unit = Kilogram(kg)

CENTER OF
MASS
Mathematically, the center of mass
of a system is the average of all the
constituent particle’s masses with
consideration to the distance of
each particle from the reference
point.
see-saw
We all remember the fun

see-saw of our youth
But what will happen if........
1st
2nd
CENTER OF
V GEOMETRIC
MASS S CENTER
EXPERIMENT
TIME
CENTER OF
MASS
For a system with two masses,
m₁ and m₂:
xₘ = (m₁x₁ + m₂x₂) / (m₁ + m₂)
where xₘ is the position of the

center of mass of a system from a
reference.
MOMENTUM
In sports, you may have heard of
someone saying “we should build
momentum” or “let’s keep up the
momentum”. The term momentum
is used as something that is
related to the quality of
performance.
is a fundamental concept in physics
MOMENTUM that quantifies the motion possessed by

an object.
It is defined as product of an
object’s mass and velocity
Momentum = Mass and Velocity
p = mv
Momentum is related to the influence
that is needed to stop an object from
moving.
Determined by two factors:
the object’s inertia(mass)
the object’s velocity
EXPERIMENT
TIME
As a vector quantity, momentum
not only depends on the
magnitude of velocity but also on
the direction of the object’s
motion.
The standard unit of momentum
in the International System of
Units(SI) is kilogram-metre per
second (kg.m/s)
Problem Solving:
1)Calculate the momentum of a 1200 kg

car with a velocity of 25m/s?
2)What is the momentum of a child and

wagon if the total mass of the child and
wagon is 22kg and the velocity is 1.5 m/s?
EXPERIMENT
TIME
IMPULSE
IMPULSE
is the change of momentum of an object
when the object is acted upon
by a force for an interval of time.
The change in the momentum of an object can

be expressed as Fnet. At, this is known as the
impulse. Impulse is also a vector quantity with
a direction same as that of the net force.
Symbol: I
Impulse = Momentum Change
Fnet = Δρ At → Ap = Fnet · At
IMPULSE I= Ap = Fnet · At
I = Fnet(tf - ti)
Impulse is NOT a property of a particle. It is related to the

amount of external force needed to counteract or change the
momentum of the particle. If we say an impulse is given to a
particle, it means that momentum is transferred to the
particle from an external influence.
CONSERVATION OF Formula:
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
MOMENTUM
According to this principle, the total
momentum of a closed system remains
constant. This means that in a collision
between the two objects, the total
momentum before the collision is equal to
the total momentum after the collision.
Conservation of Linear Momentum
Momentum is conserved within a time interval, the total
momentum in a system does not change or remains the
same Pinitial = Pfinal
When non-conservative forces are present, the mechanical

energy of the system will change, but its momentum will
not be affected. The law of conservation is more applicable
in momentum than in mechanical energy.
EXPERIMENT
TIME
COLLISION
Collision - is the result of a short-duration
COLLISION physical contact between two objects with

different momenta (exerting forces to each
other).
Collision of particles is considered isolated. The short-duration impact

between the particles makes the impact force incredibly large,
rendering external forces negligible.
F impact >>>>> Fexternal
1. Two billiard balls

2. A golf club and a ball
3. A hammer and a nail head
4. Two railroad cars when being
coupled together
5. A falling object and a floor
Apart from the properties of the
materials of the two objects, two
factors affect the result of impact:
The force and the time during
which the objects are in contact.
TYPES OF COLLISION
Collisions are classified as to

whether the kinetic energy of the
system is conserved or not.
Elastic Collision
Elastic collision - KE is conserved .

Inelastic Collisions
Inelastic collision - KE is not conserved.

There is a special case called perfectly
inelastic collision where the particles
stick together after collision.
EXAMPLE 1
Perfectly Inelastic Collision
An 85-kg football player is running at 7.0 m/s and makes a perfectly
inelastic collision with a 105-kg linebacker that is at rest. What is the
velocity of the two players after collision? How much KE is lost?
EXAMPLE 2
Elastic Collision
A billiard cue ball travelling at 6.5 m/s hits another ball of the same
mass that is at rest. Find the velocities of each ball after collision if
the balls exhibited elastic collision.
EXPERIMENT
TIME
ACTIVITY
What is the momentum of a 1500 kg car
going at highway with the speed of 28
m/s?
A toy freight train car of mass 50 kg collides
with a stationary empty car of mass 15 kg
while moving 5 m/s. At the collision the cars
couple together. What is the final velocity
of the moving pair?
A golfer hits a ball of mass 45g at a speed of 40m/s.
The golf club is in contact with the ball for 3 s.
Compute the average force applied by the club on
the ball?
A batsman knocks back a ball straight in the direction
towards the bowler without altering its initial speed of
12 m/s. If the mass of the ball is 0.15kg, calculate the
impulse imparted to the ball?
REFERENCE:
https://k12.starbooks.ph/pluginfile.php/9
829/mod_resource/content/2/index.html

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center

MASS the amount of matter present in an object or

Mass is an intrinsic characteristic of an

Standard Unit = Kilogram(kg)

We all remember the fun

where xₘ is the position of the

MOMENTUM that quantifies the motion possessed by

Momentum = Mass and Velocity

1)Calculate the momentum of a 1200 kg

2)What is the momentum of a child and

The change in the momentum of an object can

Impulse = Momentum Change

Impulse is NOT a property of a particle. It is related to the

When non-conservative forces are present, the mechanical

COLLISION physical contact between two objects with

Collision of particles is considered isolated. The short-duration impact

F impact >>>>> Fexternal

1. Two billiard balls

Collisions are classified as to

Elastic collision - KE is conserved .

Inelastic collision - KE is not conserved.

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