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Overview of the Operating System

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7 views

Overview of the Operating System

Uploaded by

naiailleacapulco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OVERVIEW OF

OPERATING SYSTEM
What is an Operating System?

An operating system is an essential component of the computer


system. It is a large collection of software that manage the
resources of the computer device. The main function of os is to
manage hardware and provide an interface for users to interact
with it.
Two Types:

GRAPH I CAL U SER CO MMAND LI NE


I NT ERFACE ( G U I ) I N T ERFACE ( CLI )
Popular OS:
• Windows: Developed by Microsoft, it's widely used in personal
computers and offers a graphical user interface.
• macOS: Apple's operating system for Mac computers, known for
its sleek design and integration with other Apple products.
• Linux: An open-source OS, popular for its flexibility, security, and
use in servers and supercomputers.
• Android: A Linux-based OS designed for mobile devices, primarily
smartphones and tablets.
• iOS: Apple's mobile operating system, used in iPhones and iPads,
known for its smooth performance and ecosystem.
Batch Operating System
Batch Operating System is
designed to manage and
execute a large number of jobs
efficiently by processing them
in groups.
Multi-Programming
Operating System
Multiprogramming Operating
Systems can be simply
illustrated as more than one
program is present in the main
memory and any one of them
can be kept in execution.
Multi-Processing
Operating System
Multi-Processing Operating
System is a type of Operating
System in which more than one
CPU is used for the execution of
resources.
Multi-Tasking
Operating System
Multitasking Operating System is
simply a multiprogramming
Operating System with having facility
of a Round-Robin Scheduling
Algorithm.

There are two types of Multi-Tasking


Systems which are listed below.
• Preemptive Multi-Tasking
• Cooperative Multi-Tasking
Time-Sharing
Operating Systems
Each task is given some time to
execute so that all the tasks work
smoothly. Each user gets the time of
the CPU as they use a single system.
Distributed
Operating System

Various autonomous interconnected computers communicate with each


other using a shared communication network. Independent systems
possess their own memory unit and CPU. These are referred to as loosely
coupled systems or distributed systems.
Network
Operating System
These systems run on a server and
provide the capability to manage data,
users, groups, security, applications, and
other networking functions.

These types of operating systems allow


shared access to files, printers, security,
applications, and other networking
functions over a small private network.
Known as tightly coupled systems.
Main functions:
1. Program Execution
2. I/O Operation
3. File Management
4. Resource Allocation
5. User Interface
6. Security
7. Error Detection
8. Process Management
9. Memory Management
10.Task Scheduling
Program Execution

The OS manages the execution of programs,


ensuring that each application runs smoothly
by loading it into memory, executing
instructions, and handling the termination of
processes
I/O Operation

The OS handles input/output operations,


managing communication between hardware
devices (like keyboard, mouse, or printer) and
the computer system.
File Management

The OS manages files and directories on


storage devices, enabling tasks like creating,
deleting, reading, and writing files.
Resource Allocation

The OS allocates hardware resources (CPU,


memory, storage) to various programs and
users, ensuring efficient utilization of
resources.
User Interface

The OS provides interfaces for users to


interact with the system, including graphical
user interfaces (GUI) and command-line
interfaces (CLI).
Security

The OS protects data and resources from


unauthorized access, managing user
permissions, and ensuring data integrity.
Error Detection

The OS monitors the system for errors, such


as hardware malfunctions or software bugs,
and takes corrective actions.
Process Management

The OS manages processes, including their


creation, scheduling, and termination,
ensuring that multiple processes can run
concurrently without conflict.
Memory Management

The OS manages system memory, keeping


track of each byte in a computer’s memory
and managing the allocation and deallocation
of memory space.
Task Scheduling

The OS schedules tasks to optimize CPU


usage, deciding the order in which processes
are executed to ensure efficient operation.
First Generation
1945-1955

In this generation, operating systems


were not introduced therefore the
instruction was directly given to the
computer systems. All the code was
included to communicate with the
connected hardware and the system.

Technology: Vacuum Tubes


OS: not present
Language: Machine Language
Second Generation
1955-1965
Transistors
GMOS (General Motos operating system)
was the first operating system that came
into the picture in the 1950s which was
developed for IBM computers.

IBM was the first one that brought an


operating system into the world.

Technology: Transistors
OS: present
Language: Assembly and High Level
Language
Second Generation
1955-1965

In 1960s - first UNIX Operating System


was developed and was free for a few
years and the batch processing system.

Technology: Transistors
OS: present
Language: Assembly and High Level
Language
Third Generation
1965-1980

The concept of multiprogramming was


introduced in which multiple tasks could
be performed in a single computer

With the DEC PDP-1 in 1961, the


development of minicomputers'
phenomenal growth was introduced.
Fourth Generation
1980 - present

The birth of the Microsoft Windows


operating system was in 1975.

Today, Windows is the most popular


operating system and has evolved from
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows XP,
and Windows 7.

Apple also introduced its operating


system known as MacOS which is also as
popular as Windows these days.
Thank you

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