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Lecture Three

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Mohamad Ahmed
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2 views

Lecture Three

Uploaded by

Mohamad Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(Mathematics 5)

Functions of complex variables


 Complex Function
Functions of complex variables
Functions of complex variables

A function w = f (z) is said to have a limit L as Z approaches a point z0 ,

written 𝐥𝐢𝐦 f (z) =L


𝒛→𝒛𝟎

If for every number ɛ > 0 there is corresponding number δ > 0 such that z ≠ z0 and
⃒ f(z)- L⃒< ɛ whenever ⃒ z – z0⃒ < δ that is, the value of f(z) are close to L for all z
Close to z0

Let 𝐥𝐢𝐦 f (z) = L1, 𝐥𝐢𝐦 g(z) L2 then


𝒛→𝒛𝟎 𝒛→𝒛𝟎
Functions of complex variables
 Evaluate the following limits.

1) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( z2 – 5z + 10)
𝒛→𝟏−𝒊

= ( 1 –i ) 2-5 ( 1 –i) + 10 = 5 + 3i

𝒛+𝟑 (𝒛+𝟏)
 2) ℓim =
𝒛𝟐 −𝟐𝒛+𝟒

𝓁𝑖𝑚 𝑧+3 (𝑧−1) −𝟐𝐢+𝟑 (−𝟐𝐢−𝟏)


 =
𝓁𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑧 2 −2𝑧+4) −𝟐𝐢 𝟐 −𝟐𝐢 +𝟒

𝟕−𝟒𝒊 𝟕
= = I–1
𝟒𝐢 𝟒

𝟒
=-1+ i
𝟕
Functions of complex variables
ź
 Prove that 𝐥𝐢𝐦 does not exist
𝒛→𝟎 𝑧

 Proof:
𝒙
Let z → 0 on x axis , then y = 0. hence 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =1
𝒛→𝟎 𝒙

− 𝐢𝐲
Let z → 0 on y axis, then x =0, hence𝐥𝐢𝐦 = -1,
𝒛→𝟎 𝐢𝐲

ź ź
Then f ( z) = has two limits as z → 0, Then 𝐥𝐢𝐦 does not exist
𝒛 𝒛→𝟎 𝒛
Functions of complex variables
 Continuity:

A function of (z) is said to be continuous at z0 iff

(i) f (z0) exists

(ii) lim f (z) exists


𝑧→0

(iii) lim f (z) = f (z0)


𝑧→0

The function which is not continuous is called discontinuous.


Functions of complex variables
Functions of complex variables

 Derives (Differentiability)

The function f (z) is differentiable at point z0 if

f 𝑧+∆𝑧 −𝑓 (𝑧) f z −𝑓 (𝑧0 )


𝐥𝐢𝐦 or 𝐥𝐢𝐦 exists.
∆𝒛→𝟎 Δ𝑧 𝒛→𝑧0 z−𝑧0

This limit is called the first derivative of f (z ) at z0 and is

𝑑𝑓
Denoted by f1 (z) or The value of this limit is unique.
𝑑𝑧 z = z0
Functions of complex variables

Theorem(4):

If f (z) is differentiable at a point z = z0, then it is


Continuous z0
Functions of complex variables
 Analytic Functions:

 Cauchy – Riemann Equations

A complex function is said to be analytic or regular or holomorphic at


a point z0 if it is a single valued function and differentiable z0 and at
every point in some neighborhood of z0.

 A function is said to be analytic in a domain D if it is analytic at


every point in D.

 A function is called an entire function if it is analytic at every point


in the z – plane.
Functions of complex variables

 Caucly – Riemann Equations:


 A necessary and sufficient condition that the function F(z) = u (x
, y) + iv (x,y) be analytic in a domain D is that
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒗
 = ( ux = vy) And
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒗
 = - = (uy = - vx)
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
 1) f (z) = z2

 2) f (z) = │z│2

 3) f (z) = z e-z
☺ Thank you ☺
☺ Wish you the best ☺

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