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Assignment 3

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Nur Azizah
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8 views

Assignment 3

Uploaded by

Nur Azizah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nur Azizah

20400122063
PBI C

https://youtu.be/42h1L9EQxsw?si=toDm2M8J0Z4uwPP_

1. In order to able to produce speech, the mind goes through stages, what stages are they?
= three main stages namely;
a. The conceptualization stage (the stage for determining what intentions will be conveyed),
b. The formulation stage (the stage for determining what should be used and how to express
the intentions that exist at the conceptualization stage),
c. The articulation stage (the stage for conveying intentions formed in the form of utterances
and expressions).
Lavelt's opinion is in line with Warren's view which says that language production always
begins with the presence of an intention (message) in our minds. The next, our minds will
work to plan and to choose words and sentence structures to represent the intention. Finally,
the intention represented in the form of vocabulary or sentences is articulated in the form of a
series of speeches or utterances

2. What do humans need in order to be able to function the stages? Explain your answer.
= To carry out these three stages, humans need knowledge of language which Chomsky call
as "Linguistic Competence" which consist of semantical knowledge, syntactical knowledge
and phonological knowledge, by which each knowledge will function at each stage.

3. Do you agree with saying that conceptualization needs semantic knowledge? Why, explain
the reasons for you position.
= Yess I agree. Because semantic is knowledge possessed by a person so that he/she is able
to formulate and determine the meaning or message to be conveyed before speaking.
Therefore, it's emphasized that anyone who wants to speak (produce meaningful speech)will
definitely meaning (abstract idea) in his or her mind.

4. What are the functions of semantic knowledge? Explain your answer with example.
= Function of semantical knowledge; categorization, generalization, problem-solving and
reasoning, communication and understanding and abstract thinking. For example; when
someone says "apple" our knowledge of its characteristics (fruit, edible, red or green).

5. What do you know of semantical micro planning and semantical macro planning? Explain
your answer with examples.
= Semantical macro planning refers to the action of a speaker to determine what types of
speech acts can be used to express concepts (abstract ideas) in hir mind effectively.
Meanwhile, semantical micro is an action taken by a speaker in determining and using the
type of speech act used to communicate messages in his mind and which facts will be used
as the main focus to be highlighted so that key can be conveyed to the other party.

6. If conceptualization take place in the brain, which part of the brain runs the functions?
Explain your answer with theory and example.
= Pre - linguistics process occur in Wernicke's area. Wernicke's area carries out two functions,
namely conceptualization and formulation. Then, the result of conceptualization and
formulation are followed up by Broca's area whose role is to carry out the function of
articulation or speech production. Example, if you think about the concept of "bicycle" your
brain pull together sensory detail (shape,color) from visual areas and motor knowledge (how
to ride) from motor related areas to from the complete concept of a bicycle.

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