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    Lecture -1

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    Lecture -1

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    2 views5 pages

    Lecture -1

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    Analytical Chemistry

    (Volumetric Analysis)

    Theoretical subject in general chemistry

    Biology Department

    College of Science

    University of Zakho

    2024- 2025

    By

    Dr. Sabir Ayob Mohammed Salih

    1
    General Chemistry

    Outline of lecture

     Introduction to chemistry

     General concept of Chemistry


     Branches of Chemistry
     Introduction to Chemistry

    Chemistry is a type of science that includes the knowledge of the composition,


    structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

    What is Chemistry?

    Chemistry is the study of matter, including its Composition, Physical properties,


    Structure and reactivity

     Composition

     Physical properties

     Structure

    2
     Reactivity (chemistry), the rate at which a chemical substance tends to
    undergo a chemical reaction

    Branches of Chemistry
    There are many approaches to studying chemistry, but, for convenience, we
    traditionally divide it into five fields:
     Organic
     Inorganic
     Physical
     Biochemical
     Analytical chemistry

    Inorganic Chemistry
     The study of chemicals that do not contain carbon.
    Organic Chemistry
     The study of chemicals that contain carbon.
    Physical Chemistry
     The study of the mechanism, the rate, the energy transfer that happens when
    matter undergoes change, Study of the interaction between two elements and
    Study of properties and changes of matter and energy.
    Biochemistry
     Study of processes that take place in organisms.
     Understand the structure of matter found in the human body and the
    chemical changes that occur in cells
    Analytical Chemistry: is the branch of chemistry that deals with the
     Separation
     Identification
     Determination of components in a sample.

    3
    Properties of Matter
     Physical Properties are the characteristics of matter that can be changed
    without changing its composition
    Characteristics that are directly observable
     Chemical Properties are the characteristics that determine how the
    composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the
    influence of energy
    Characteristics that describe the behavior of matter
    States of Matter
    solids: is a state of matter with a fixed shape and volume, where particles are
    tightly packed and vibrate in place, making it rigid and incompressible
    liquids: is a state of matter with a fixed volume but no fixed shape, taking
    the shape of its container. Its particles are loosely packed and can flow past
    each other.
    In gases: is a state of matter with no fixed shape or volume, expanding to fill
    its container. Its particles are widely spaced and move freely.

    Changes in Matter
     Physical Changes are changes to matter that do not result in a change the
    fundamental components that make that substance
    State Changes – boiling, melting, condensing
     Chemical Changes involve a change in the fundamental components of the
    substance
    – Produce a new substance
    – Chemical reaction
    – Reactants Products

    4
    Elements and Compounds
    Element: An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom, and it
    cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
    Compound: Is a substance that is composed of two or more element that
    chemically combined.
    Mixture: the matter does not have constant composition.
    Heterogeneous mixture: is anon uniform mixture containing two or more phases.
    Homogeneous mixture: is the throughout and contains only one phase.

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