MATH 7 QUARTER 1 Week 8

Competency
The learner illustrates the different subsets of real numbers (M7NS – lh – 1), arranges
real numbers in increasing or decreasing order and on the number line.

Expectations

This module is designed to help you understand the real number system. After going
through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define real numbers and its subsets;

2. Identify to which subset a given number belongs;
3. Arrange real numbers in increasing or decreasing order;
4. Compare real numbers; and
5. Locate the real numbers on the number line.

Pre-test

Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following is an irrational number?

A. -10 B. -√9 C. √17 D. 5.499
2. Each of the following belongs to the set of rational numbers, except:
A. -√25 B. - 2.33333… C. 2.14 D. √8
1
3. Which is true about 3 and √3?
1 1
A. 3 is less than √3 C. 3 is equal to √3
1 1
B. √3 is less than D. 3 and √3 are both greater than 3
3
2 3
4. In the numbers 3, 0.25, 4, and √5, which should be placed first if these numbers are arranged in

ascending order?
D. √5
2 3
A. B. 0.25 C.
3 4

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 5. Which of the following shows the location of √24 on the number line?

A. C.

B. D.

Looking Back at Your Lesson

The numbers you encountered in the past modules are all real numbers – the rational and the
irrational numbers. You have learned how to deal with integers, fractions, decimals, and square roots.
Although numbers can be written in different forms, these can all be converted into decimals.
Fractions can be written in decimal forms by dividing the numerator by the denominator.
Examples:
9 1 3
1. Convert 5 to a decimal. 2. Convert 3 to a decimal. 3. Convert 8 to a decimal.

Answer: 1.8

Answer: 0.333… or 0.3̅ Answer: 0.375

The square roots of perfect squares are whole numbers. However, the square roots of non-
perfect squares are irrational. You have learned how to estimate the square root of a number and plot
in a number line.
Examples:
1. √27 27 is in between the perfect squares 25 and 36.
So √27 lies in between 5 and 6.
Also, 27 is closer to 25 than to 36, so it should be closer to 5 than to 6
when plotted on a number line.

√27

2. √98 98 is in between the perfect squares 81 and 100.

So √98 lies in between 9 and 10.
Also, 98 is closer to 100 than to 81, so it should be closer to 10 than to 9
when plotted on a number line.

ඥ98

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 Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: Subsets of Real Numbers

Almost all the numbers you encountered in your previous lessons and in your elementary days
are REAL NUMBERS. The set of real numbers are divided into two subsets, the set of rational
numbers (ℚ) and the set of irrational numbers (ℚ′). The set of all rational numbers include the set

of integers (ℤ), the set of whole numbers (W), and the set of natural numbers (ℕ).
The illustration below shows the relationship between the subsets of real numbers.

The Real Number System

1. The set of Natural Numbers/ Counting Numbers (ℕ) is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}. These are the
numbers you use when counting things. It starts with 1 and continues indefinitely.
2. The set of Whole Numbers (𝕎) is composed of the set of natural numbers and the zero, i.e.
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …}.
3. The set of Integers (ℤ) include the negative integers, the zero, and the positive integers, i.e.
{…, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}.
4. The set of Rational Numbers (ℚ) is composed of those that can be expressed as a quotient of
a
two integers, b, where a and b are integers and b ≠0. The rational numbers can be in a fraction

form or in a decimal form. Rational numbers in decimal forms are terminating decimals or non-
terminating repeating decimals. It is important to highlight as well that natural/counting numbers,
a
whole numbers, and integers are all rational numbers since they can be written in the form ,
b

with 1 as the denominator.

2 5 5 ̅̅̅̅, 0.3̅
Examples: -10, -2, 0, 5, 7, 3 , 4 , 1 7 , 0.5, 0.44, √9, 0.09

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 5. The set of Irrational Numbers (ℚ′) consists of those that cannot be written as a quotient of two
integers. All irrational numbers can be in the form of decimals which are non-terminating and
non-repeating.
Examples: π (read as "pi", 3.1415926…), e (Euler' s number, 2.718281…), √2 (1.414213…),
1. 732050807568…

More Examples of Real Numbers

As you can observe from the diagram above, Real Numbers are composed of Rational
and Irrational Numbers. Inside the rational numbers, you can see the smaller subsets such as
the Integers (positive integers, zero and negative integers), Whole Numbers (natural numbers
and zero) and the Natural or Counting Numbers (starts with 1 to positive infinity).
All natural numbers are whole numbers. All whole numbers are integers. All integers are
rational numbers. All rational numbers are real numbers. All numbers which are not rational are
called irrational numbers. All irrational numbers are also real numbers. All these numbers make
up the real number system.

Activity 1.1: Check Me Out

Classify each real number as a natural number (ℕ), a whole number (𝕎), an integer (ℤ), a
rational number (ℚ), or an irrational number (ℚ′). Put a check mark (✓) to all possible answers.

ℕ 𝕎 ℤ ℚ ℚ′ ℕ 𝕎 ℤ ℚ ℚ′
9 3
1. 8.
10 4
2. -18 9. 2.53

3. 125 10. 14

4. -6 11. √7

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 5. ඥ15 12. ̅̅̅̅
2.73434

6. 15 13. 0
9
7. 2 14. π
100

Activity 1.2: Which Number Am I?

Read each item carefully. Choose from the numbers below what is being described in each item.

1
1
2
-15 √10
̅̅̅̅
0.27 3

1. I am an integer, a whole number, and a natural number. Which number am I? _____

2. I look something different, but I am a real number. I cannot be expressed as a fraction, but I
can be in a decimal form. Which number am I? _____
3. I am a number you can use when you want to tell what portion you need, how much
ingredients to use, or how much time you spent. I am a rational number, but I am not an
integer. Which number am I? _____
4. I am a number you can use to describe a bone-chilling temperature. I am an integer but not a
whole number. Which number am I? _____
5. I am a number with overline that signals I am repeating. I can be written in fraction form, so I
am a rational number. Which number am I? _____

Lesson 2: Arranging, Comparing and Locating Real Numbers

Real numbers can be listed in order even if they are written in different forms. When necessary,
you can convert all the real numbers into decimals to easily arrange, compare or locate them. The
number line is useful in this lesson. A number line is a horizontal line that has two arrowheads which
means that it extends indefinitely in both directions. Zero is the point of origin. All numbers to the left
of zero are negative numbers while to the right of zero are the positive numbers.

• The numbers increase from left to right.

• The number on the left is always less than the number on the right.
• Positive numbers are always greater than any negative number.

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Observe the figure below.

Given the illustration above, you can easily arrange the numbers in increasing order (list the
numbers on the number line from left to right) and decreasing order (list the numbers on the number
line from right to left) and even compare its values. How about if the numbers are not plotted on a
number line? How would you know which of them has the greatest or the lowest value?
For non-integers, you need to get the decimal form first before you can easily compare the
values. Here are the respective decimal forms or approximate values to the nearest hundredths:

8 7
– √45 ≈ –6.71 – = – 1.60 ඥ30 ≈ 5.48 – ඥ10 ≈ –3.16 = 3.50 ඥ92 ≈ 9.59
5 2

Activity 2.1: Count and Compare

Write the correct symbol for each of the following pairs of real numbers. Choose from the symbols
<, >, or =.
8 7
Examples: – √45 < -6 – 5 > – √10 2
= 3.5

1) –3 ___ 5 3) –7.8 ___ 7. 8 5) 𝜋 ___ 3 7) √40 ___ 4

1 9 1 ̅̅̅̅ ___ 32
2) 0.25 ___ 4 4) ___ √2 6) ___ 0.333333… 8) 3.27
5 3 7

Activity 2.2: Follow My Order

Arrange each of the following sets of numbers from least to greatest (increasing order).
1
1) 12, –3 , 5, –2, –8 4) – 6 , –6, 6, 1, 0

2) –4, 6, –7, 0, 7 5) √50, 5, -8, -9, 10

1 3 9
3) –0.33, 2, 4, 𝜋, 4

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Activity 2.3: Fall in Line
5 1
1) Locate the numbers - ,4, -3, 2 , and √65 on the number line.
3 4

1 13 9
2) Locate the following numbers on the number line: , -√9, , - , √95.
4 3 2

Remember
➢ The set of real numbers (ℝ) consists of all the rational and irrational numbers.
➢ The set of natural numbers/ counting numbers (ℕ) is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}.
➢ The set of whole numbers (𝕎) is composed of the set of natural numbers and the zero,
i.e. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …}.
➢ The set of integers (ℤ) include the negative integers, the zero, and the positive integers,
i.e. {…, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}.
➢ The set of rational numbers (ℚ) is composed of those that can be expressed as a quotient
a
of two integers, b, where a and b are integers and b ≠0. The rational numbers can be in

a fraction form or in a decimal form. Rational numbers in decimal forms are terminating
decimals or non-terminating repeating decimals.
➢ The set of irrational numbers (ℚ′) consists of those that cannot be written as a quotient of
two integers. All irrational numbers can be in the form of decimals which are non-
terminating and non-repeating.
➢ Real numbers can easily be arranged if you convert first the non-integers into decimals.
➢ In a number line, the numbers increase from left to right. Positive numbers are always
greater than any negative number. The number on the left is always less than the number
on the right.

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 Check Your Understanding

A. Classify each real number as a natural number (ℕ), a whole number (𝕎), an integer (ℤ), a rational
number (ℚ), or an irrational number (ℚ′). Put a check mark (✓) to all possible answers.

ℕ 𝕎 ℤ ℚ ℚ′ ℕ 𝕎 ℤ ℚ ℚ′

3
1. 9 6. 54

2. -30 7. -9.25

11
3. 𝜋 8.
100

4. √11 9. -1

5. 0.75 10. ̅̅̅̅

0.3181

B. Tell whether the statement is True or False.

________1. Zero is an integer.
________2. All integers are rational numbers.
________3. Rational numbers are real numbers.
________4. Natural numbers are whole numbers.
________5. Some irrational numbers are integers.
________6. All irrational numbers are real numbers.
________7. All whole numbers are natural numbers.
________8. All rational numbers are whole numbers.
________9. Negative integers are irrational numbers.
________10. Irrational numbers can be written in fraction forms.

C. Write the correct symbol for each of the following pairs of real numbers. Choose from the
symbols <, >, or =.
100 6
1) _____ 2 3) 0.5 _____ 5 5) 19 _____ √99
50

1 3
2) -13 _____ 5 4) -67 _____ √64 6) _____
6 8

D. Arrange each set of real numbers in increasing order.

10 18 27 36
1) 5, 4, 1, -2 2) , , , 3) -√3, √2, √1, √4
2 4 3 9

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 7
E. Locate the following numbers on the number line: -6.5, 1.25, , 2√6.
2

Post-test

Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following is an irrational number?

A. -10 B. -√9 C. √17 D. 5.499
2. Each of the following belongs to the set of rational numbers, except:
A. -√25 B. - 2.33333… C. 2.14 D. √8
1
3. Which is true about 3 and √3?
1 1
A. 3 is less than √3 C. 3 is equal to √3
1 1
B. √3 is less than D. 3 and √3 are both greater than 3
3
2 3
4. In the numbers 3, 0.25, 4, and √5, which should be placed first if these numbers are arranged in

ascending order?
2 3
A. 3 B. 0.25 C. 4 D. √5

5. Which of the following shows the location of √24 on the number line?

A. C.

B. D.

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Quarter 1 Week 8
ANSWER SHEET

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

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