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php_basics

This document provides an introduction to PHP, covering its key features, conditional constructs, loops, functions, arrays, super globals, and object-oriented programming principles. It emphasizes PHP's role in web development and its capabilities for creating dynamic web pages. The document serves as a foundational guide for understanding PHP programming concepts.

Uploaded by

M Numan Zafar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

php_basics

This document provides an introduction to PHP, covering its key features, conditional constructs, loops, functions, arrays, super globals, and object-oriented programming principles. It emphasizes PHP's role in web development and its capabilities for creating dynamic web pages. The document serves as a foundational guide for understanding PHP programming concepts.

Uploaded by

M Numan Zafar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to PHP

 PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used, server-side scripting language


designed for web development.
 It is embedded within HTML and used to create dynamic web pages.
 Key features include:
o Open source.
o Compatibility with multiple databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL).
o Excellent for handling forms, cookies, and session management.

2. Conditional Constructs

 Conditional constructs allow decision-making in PHP based on conditions.


 Examples:
o if, else, elseif: Execute blocks of code based on a condition.

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if ($a > $b) {
echo "A is greater.";
} else {
echo "B is greater.";
}

o switch: Handles multiple conditions.

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switch ($day) {
case "Monday":
echo "Start of the week.";
break;
default:
echo "Other days.";
}

3. Loops

 Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly.


 Types of Loops in PHP:
o for: Repeats a block for a specific number of times.

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for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
echo $i;
}

o while: Runs while a condition is true.


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$i = 0;
while ($i < 5) {
echo $i++;
}

o do-while: Executes the block at least once.


o foreach: Iterates over arrays or objects.

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foreach ($array as $value) {
echo $value;
}

4. Functions

 Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks.


 Syntax:

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function sayHello() {
echo "Hello!";
}
sayHello();

 Functions can take parameters and return values.

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function add($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
echo add(2, 3);

5. Arrays

 Arrays store multiple values in a single variable.


 Types of Arrays:
o Indexed Array: Uses numeric keys.

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$arr = ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"];

o Associative Array: Uses named keys.

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$arr = ["name" => "John", "age" => 25];
o Multidimensional Array: Contains nested arrays.

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$arr = [
["John", 25],
["Jane", 30]
];

6. Super Globals

 Super global variables are built-in variables that are always accessible, regardless of
scope.
 Examples:
o $_GET: Captures data sent via URL query strings.
o $_POST: Captures data sent via HTML forms.
o $_SESSION & $_COOKIE: Handle session and cookie data.
o $_SERVER: Provides information about the server and request.

7. Object-Oriented PHP

 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) organizes code into objects that encapsulate


data and behavior.
 Key Concepts:
o Classes and Objects:

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class Car {
public $color;
public function __construct($color) {
$this->color = $color;
}
}
$car = new Car("Red");
echo $car->color;

o Inheritance: Classes can inherit properties and methods from other classes.
o Encapsulation: Controls access to data using public, private, and protected
modifiers.
o Polymorphism: Allows methods to behave differently in derived classes.

In Summary:

These topics provide the foundation for PHP programming, allowing developers to write
dynamic, interactive, and structured code. Let me know if you'd like examples or deeper
explanations for any section!

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