Introduction to

MECHATRONICS

Lecture 1
Engr Nazeer Ahmed Anjum
Engr.
 COURSE CONTENTS
¾Introduction to Mechatronics, Overview of the
design of integrated systems, Benefits of
Mechatronics, Mechatronics key Elements,
Difference b/w Mechatronics & Control System.
¾Application Areas or Scope of Mechatronics,
Objective of Mechatronics, Elements of a Control
System.
¾Close & Open Loop System, Automatic Control of
Water Level by Mechanical Elements, Difference
b/w Open Loop & Closed Loop System.
 COURSE CONTENTS
¾ Seque
Sequential
ta Controllers
Co to es ((Mechanically
ec a ca y &
Electronically), Microprocessor Based Controllers,
Levels of Automations.
¾ Architecture
A hit t off Micro‐Processor
Mi P B d System
Based S t
¾ Microprocessor, Types of Register, Memory & Its
Types.
Types
¾ Microcontrollers, Intel 8051 Micro‐Controller & its
Pins Structure.
¾ Interrupts, Timers, Factors for Selecting Micro‐
Controller.
¾ Transistor
T i t & Basic
B i Digital
Di it l Logic
L i Functions,
F ti S it hi
Switching
Behavior of Transistor CCT, Logic Gate, Basic
Properties
p of Boolean Variables.
 COURSE CONTENTS
¾Diode ROM, Machine Cycle, Flip Flops, Interfacing
Hardware Organization, Parallel Data
Communications
¾Digital to Analog (D/A) Conversion, Analog to
Digital Conversion.
¾Mechanism design with instrumentation,
Introduction to sensors / transducers,
¾Actuators & Performance of Work (D. C. & Step
Motors).
¾Control Theory
¾Robotics
 RECOMMENDED BOOKS
• Mechatronics.
y W. Bolton.
By:
• Introduction to Mechatronics & Measurement Systems.
y B. Histand.
By:
• Industrial Control Handbook (2nd Edition).
By: E. A. Psrr.
• Computer Automation in Manufacturing an Introduction.
By: Thomas
Thomas.
• Mechatronics System Design.
By: Devdas
Devdas.
 RECOMMENDED BOOKS
• Control System Engineering (3rd Edition).
By: Norman SS. Nise
Nise.
• Digital Design (3rd Edition).
By: M. Morrisi Mano.
• Automatic Control Engineering (2nd Edition).
By: Raven.
• The 8051 Micro‐Controller
Micro Controller (3rd Edition)
Edition).
By: Mackenzie.
 Introduction to Mechatronics
• Transistor invented in 1948
• Integrated circuit technology ‐ a leap forward
• Micro‐period ‐ an on‐going process
• In the 70
70’ss ‐ microprocessor (mP) appeared in the
market
g
• Revolutionised the intelligence incorporated
p in
consumer products & industrial systems
• In the 80’s ‐ a true explosion in microprocessor‐
b d products
based d t happened
h d
 Mechatronics Products Found?
• Consumer sector
– CD players
– Camcorder
C d (A self‐contained
lf i d unit
i off communications,
i i equipment
i made
d up off a
lightweight, hand‐held television camera and a videocassette recorder. )
– Auto‐focus, auto exposure camera etc.

• Commercial
C i l sector
t
– Automated teller machine (ATM) etc.

• Industrial sector
– Co‐ordinate measuring machines (CMM)
– Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)

• Automotive industry
– Active suspension systems etc.

• Electronic Fuel Injection

• Architecture
– e.g. automatic blinds control
– ‘staff recognition’ (security) etc.
Countless applications in:
• System monitoring
• Data handling
• Data presentation
• Control
• etc.
 Introduction
• Japanese introduced the term MECHATRONICS
• Additional knowledge required of mechanical
engineers to understand the basics of how these
electronic elements work
• They must now be competent in the application of
mP devices
 Mechatronics
• Implementing electronic controls in a mechanical
system
• Enhancing existing mechanical design with intelligent
controls.
• Replacing
p g Mechanical components
p with an electronic
solution
• Mechatronics is a Methodology used for the optimal
design of electromechanical products.
• Methodology Collection of practices, procedures, &
rules
l used d by
b those
h who
h workk in a particular
l branch
b h off
knowledge or discipline. The disciplines Æ Thermo,
E E Comp.
E.E, Comp Science,
Science & M.E.
ME
 Multi‐disciplinary
• It is Multi‐disciplinary, embodying four
fundamental disciplines (El, Mech, Comp, &
Information Technology).
• One of the most common Multi‐disciplinary sys is
Electromechanical system. It often uses a computer
algorithm to modify the behaviour of mech. Sys.
• It employed a sequential design‐by‐discipline
approach e.g. design of an electromechanical sys is
often
ft accomplished
li h d in
i three
th steps:
t M h Design,
Mech. D i
Power & Microelectronics, followed by the control
algorithm design & its implementation.
implementation
 Mechatronics
• Why Electronics: Æ Transduces information b/w
computer
p science & Mechanical disciplines.
p
• Control design often fails because of the additional
constraints e.g.
e g Cost reduction is a major factor in
most systems.
• The Mechatronic design methodology is based on a
concurrent instead of sequential
 Mechatronics

Information Mechanical
system system

Mechatronics

Computer Electrical
system system
 Mechatronics Integrated Design Issues
• It relies on System Modelling & Simulation through
outt the
th design
d i & prototyping
t t i stages.
t
• It is a design philosophy, an integrating approach to
E i
Engineering
i design.
d i
• Important characteristic is the Built‐in intelligence
Æ Precision
P ii mechanical,
h i l electrical
l t i l engineering,
i i &
Real time interfacing.
• Combination of actuators,
actuators Sensors,
Sensors Control System,
System
& Computers.
• It Optimizes the parameters at each phase to
produce a quality product in a short cycle time.
 Mechatronics Integrated Design Issues
• The integration within the MCT sys is performed
through the combination of Hardware & Software.
• First step is to analyze the customer needs & the
technical environment in which the sys is
integrated.
• Mechatronics is the result of applying information
y
systems to Physical
y systems.
y
• Sensors & Actuators are used to transduce energy
from high power,
power usually Mechanical side,
side to low
power, the electrical & computer side.
 Mechatronics Cont.
• Control: is a general tern & can occur in living things as
well as Machines.
• Automatic Control: Describes the situation in which a
machine is controlled by another Machine.
• Examples:
• ATM, Fax Machine
• An
A aircraft
i ft flight
fli ht control
t l & Navigation
N i ti system.t
• AEFI (Automobile Electronic Fuel Injection & antibrack
systems.
• Automated Manufacturing equipments such as Robots,
NC, CNC.
• Smart Kitchen & home appliances such as Bread m/c,
Washing m/c.
 Mechatronics Cont.
• Technical system that for their function integrate:
1 Mechanical design and selection of materials
1.
2. Sensor and control systems
3. Electric/electro mechanic energy
gy conversion
• “Mechatronics is the interdisciplinary field of engineering
dealing with the design of products whose function relies on
the integration of mechanical and electronic components
coordinated by a control architecture.”
••“Mechatronics
Mechatronics is a design philosophy that utilizes a
synergistic integration of Mechanics, Electronics and
Computer Technology to produce enhanced products,
processes or systems.”
 Mechatronic System
Measurement system

Actuator
Sensors Input signal
-Solenoids Conditioning
- switches - strain gauge And interfacing
-DC motors
- potentiometer, - thermocouples
-Stepper
Stepper motors
- photodiodes - accelerometer - discrete circuit - filters
-Servo motors
- digital encoder - amplifiers, - A/D, D/A
-hydraulics, pneumatics

Digital Control
Output signal Architectures
Graphical Conditioning
Display and interfacing -Logic circuit
-sequencing and timing
- LEDs - LCD -D/A,
D/A A/D - power transistors
t it c oco o e
-microcontroller
- digital displays -Amplifiers - power op-amp -logic and arithmetic
- CRT - PWM - PLC
-communication
Traditional vs Mechatronic: a Comparison
Traditional approach: Mechatronic approach:
• Centralized computer Distributed processing
control
• Sequence control Parts of process capable
predominates of individual control
• Whole process controlled mP based PLC
PLC’ss provide
by relay logic degree of intelligence
• Inspection/QA
I ti /QA stages
t I
In‐process automatic
t ti
towards the end of process inspection
 Traditional vs Mechatronic: a Comparison

Traditional approach:
pp Mechatronic approach:
pp
• Bulky system Compact
p mechanisms
• Complex Simplified
p mechanisms
• Non‐adjustable movements Programmable movements
• Constant speed drives Variable speed drives
• Mechanical synchronisation Electronic synchronisation
• Manual controls Automatic & programmable
controls
 Where are these Products Found?
Application Area:
• Consumer sector
• Commercial sector
• Industrial sector
• Automotive industry
• Electronic Fuel Injection
• Architecture
• Countless applications in:
9 System monitoring
9 Data handling
9 Data presentation
9 Control
9 etc.