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Introduction to Programming Class Notes

The document provides an introduction to Python programming, covering its syntax, control structures, and functions. It explains basic concepts such as data types, input/output functions, conditional statements, loops, and the use of modules. Practical exercises, including a number-guessing game and a calculator, are suggested to reinforce learning.

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5 views

Introduction to Programming Class Notes

The document provides an introduction to Python programming, covering its syntax, control structures, and functions. It explains basic concepts such as data types, input/output functions, conditional statements, loops, and the use of modules. Practical exercises, including a number-guessing game and a calculator, are suggested to reinforce learning.

Uploaded by

varunravichandran8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming Class Notes

Page 1: Basics of Python Syntax


Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability and versatility.
Unlike compiled languages, Python executes code line-by-line, making debugging easier for
beginners. Variables in Python are dynamically typed, meaning you don’t need to declare data types
explicitly. For example, name = "Alice" assigns a string, while age = 25 assigns an integer. Basic data
types include strings (text), integers (whole numbers), floats (decimals), and booleans (True/False).

Input and output functions like print() and input() allow interaction. A simple "Hello World" program
would be:

print("Hello, World!")

user_name = input("Enter your name: ")

print("Welcome,", user_name)

Common errors include syntax errors (e.g., missing colons or parentheses) and runtime errors (e.g.,
dividing by zero). Always check indentation, as Python uses whitespace to define code blocks.

Page 2: Control Structures

Control structures direct the flow of a program. Conditional statements like if, elif, and else
execute code based on Boolean conditions. For example:

temperature = 30

if temperature > 25:

print("It's a hot day.")

else:

print("Cool weather!")

Loops repeat actions: for loops iterate over sequences (e.g., lists), while while loops run until
a condition is false. Use break to exit a loop early or continue to skip iterations. Logical
operators (and, or, not) combine conditions.
A practical exercise is building a number-guessing game:

import random

target = random.randint(1, 10)

guess = 0

while guess != target:

guess = int(input("Guess a number (1-10): "))

print("Correct!")

Page 3: Functions and Modules

Functions encapsulate reusable code. Define them with def, followed by parameters:

def add_numbers(a, b):

return a + b

Parameters are variables in the function definition; arguments are the actual values passed.
Modules like math (for sqrt, sin) or random (for randint, choice) extend functionality. Import
them with import module_name.

Variable scope determines accessibility: variables inside a function are local, while those
declared outside are global. For example:

x = 10 # Global

def test():

y = 5 # Local

print(x + y)

test()

Practice by creating a calculator that uses functions for addition, subtraction, etc.

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