SAINT LOUIS COLLEGE

CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
SECOND SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

DOMESTIC AIRPORT PLANNING

Bacolod City, Negros Occidental, Region 6

STUDENTS:
ALTERADO, RALPH EMERSON
BANUA, RONALD ANGELO
BS ARCHITECTURE 3-C

INSTRUCTOR:
AR. ROSSANO G. BARADI
ARCHITECT, UAP
 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION……………………………..……………………………..……………………………1
I. HISTORY OF AIRPORT……………………………..………………………………………………...1
II. DOMESTIC AIRPORT……………………………..………………………………………………….2
III. THE COMPONENTS OF AN AIRPORT…………………………………………………………….3
IV. MAJOR TERMINAL COMPONENTS……………………………..………………………………...4
V. GLOSSARY……………………………..……………………………..……………………………….5
CHAPTER 1……………………………..……………………………..…………………………………8
I. CONSIDERATIONS……………………………..……………………………………..………………8
II. GROSS TERMINAL AREA SPACE DISTRIBUTION……………………………….…………….11
III. TERMINAL FLOW……………………………..……………………………..………..……………12
IV. DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR PASSENGER TERMINALS………………………….……………17
V. TERMINAL AREA CONCEPTS……………………………..………………………….…………..19
VI. PASSENGER LOADING METHODS……………………………..…………………..…………..23
VII. BAGGAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS……………………………..………………………………..27
VIII. AIRLINE TICKET COUNTER/OFFICES………………………………………………………...30
IX. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS……………………………..…………………………................32
X. PARKING REQUIREMENTS……………………………..…………………………….................32
XI. AIRPORT LAYOUT SAMPLE……………………………..……………………………................34
CHAPTER 2……………………………..……………………………..……………………................36
I. BACOLOD CITY PROFILE……………………………..…………………………….....................37
II. CLIMATE……………………………..……………………………..……………………..................37
III. GEOGRAPHY……………………………..……………………………..………………................37
IV. CULTURE……………………………..……………………………..……………………...............37
V. TOURISM……………………………..……………………………..……………………................38
VI. TRANSPORTATION……………………………..………………………………………...............41
VII. EXISTING DOMESTIC AIRPORT IN BACOLOD CITY…………………………….................41
VIII. MAPS……………………………………………………………………………………................42
ENCLOSURES……………………………..……………………………………………….................44
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………..………………………………………………...............48

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 INTRODUCTION
An airport is a complex and busy place dedicated to facilitating the movement of
passengers and cargo. It consists of various structures that support different functions
such as maintenance, aircraft control, and auxiliary services. This article focuses on the
passenger functions of an airport and how they interact with the community.

I. HISTORY OF AIRPORT
The history of airports clearly reflects the evolution of transportation and the
changing needs of society. From ancient times to today, airports have played a crucial
role in facilitating travel and commerce. Thus, they have undergone numerous changes
and developments along the way. Airports as we know them today did not exist until the
20th century. Aviation technology advancements made it possible for planes to fly longer
distances and carry more passengers.
The concept of an airport, or a designated area for the landing and takeoff of
aircraft, has likely been around for as long as humans have been flying. However, the first
recorded use of an airport was in 1909, at College Park Airport in Maryland, United States.
This airport was established by the United States Army Signal Corps and was used as a
training ground for military pilots. It became a civilian airport and served as the site of the
first scheduled commercial flight in the United States in 1926.

Timeline of the airline industry in the Philippines:

1931 – To handle the airline matters, the government created an office under of the
Department of Commerce and Communications.
1941 – The first domestic airline, Philippine Airlines (PAL), was founded. PAL is now also
the flag-carrier airline of the Philippines.
1952 – The Civil Aeronautics Board and the Civil Aeronautics Administration was
reorganized due to the Republic Act 776.
1973 – As it is the sole domestic airline, Philippine Airlines (PAL) was virtually
monopolizing the country’s aviation industry.
1974 – PAL continues to dominate the industry by having the monopoly on domestic
travels.
1978 – The airline was given a new franchise, however, under a provision that the
government regulated the fares.
1995 – The industry was liberalized with the establishment of domestic and international
civil aviation liberalization policy and the government control was removed.
1999 – Competing airlines increased. Due to this, PAL’s market share decreased.

According to the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, the country has 71
airports. Eleven of them can handle international flights. 32 of them only accommodate
domestic travel, and 28 of them are primarily used for general navigation. The most
prominent of these airports is the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, which is located in
Pasay City. It has four terminals and can handle hundreds of both international and
domestic flights every day, making it by far the busiest airport in the country.

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 In these airports are hundreds of planes coming in and out, handled by different
airlines. There are four major commercial airlines in the country: Cebu Pacific, Air Asia,
Philippine Airlines, and Skyjet. These airlines carry majority of the international and
domestic flights in the country.
Aerodromes are divided into four categories in the country: International,
Principal Class I, Principal Class II, and Community. These categories are defined by
the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) based on certain criteria:
International airports are considered gateways to and from the country. Since
these airports handle foreign arrivals, they are required to have border control facilities
that monitor and handle the ingress and egress of passengers in the Philippines.

II. DOMESTIC AIRPORT

A domestic airport is an airport that primarily handles flights within a country.
Domestic airports do not have customs and immigration facilities and so cannot handle
flights to or from a foreign airport. These airports often have short runways sufficient to
handle short or medium haul aircraft and regional air traffic. Security check/metal
detectors are used in most countries, but in many cases, they were installed decades
after security checks for international flights had become commonplace.
Some airports that are named "international" are essentially domestic airports that
handles international traffic on an irregular basis. It is an important area of study in the
field of architecture because domestic airports play a significant role in a city's
transportation infrastructure and can have a major impact on the overall urban identity
and culture. The design of domestic airport buildings can incorporate elements of local
architecture to reflect the history, culture, and identity of the city.
Additionally, domestic airports serve as gateways to a city and are often the first
impression that visitors have, making the form and function of the terminal buildings
crucial in creating a positive experience. Furthermore, the structural systems of airport
terminal buildings can contribute to their architectural expression and symbolic function,
reflecting the values and identity of the country and nation. Overall, studying domestic
airports in the field of architecture allows for the exploration of design strategies that
enhance the functionality, aesthetics, and cultural significance of these important
transportation hubs.

Domestic Airports are Further Divided into Two Classes:

• Principal Class I airports are airports that are capable of handling jet aircraft with
a capacity of 100 or more passengers.
• Principal Class II airports are defined as those that can accommodate aircraft
smaller than the minimum size for Class I, but still capable of carrying 19
passengers or more.

Community Airports are small-scale airfields primarily designed to serve general

aviation traffic, rather than commercial flights.

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Relationship to the Community
The airport functions like a small city, driven by economic factors and providing
convenience for travelers. It has a significant impact on the community it serves, affecting
the surrounding area both economically and environmentally. Thoughtful planning of
airport infrastructure can lead to positive outcomes for the community.
Proper site planning and building design can help reduce or eliminate issues such
as noise, air pollution, and ecological imbalances. The community is impacted by the
airport's workforce, the arrival of new industries, and the economic effects they bring.
The success of the airport and the architect's adherence to its economic limitations
are crucial. To operate successfully, the airport must work closely with the surrounding
community. Building good relationships within the airport relies on first establishing a
positive relationship with the community.

III. THE COMPONENTS OF AN AIRPORT:

• Terminal building
• Parking lot
• Control tower
• Hangar
• Apron
• Taxiway or approach runway
• Runway

An airport is a complex transportation facility, designed to serve aircraft,

passengers, cargo, and surface vehicles. Each of these users is served by different
components of an airport. The components of an airport are typically placed into two
categories.
a. Landside components of an airport are planned and managed to accommodate
the movement of ground-based vehicles, passengers, and cargo. These
components are further categorized to reflect the specific users being served.
• Terminal - The airport terminal component is primarily designed to facilitate
the movement of passengers and luggage from the landside to aircraft on
the airside.
• Ground Access - The airport’s ground access component accommodates
the movement of ground-based vehicles to and from the surrounding
metropolitan area, as well as between the various buildings found on the
airport property.
b. Airside of an airport is planned and managed to accommodate the movement of
aircraft around the airport as well as to and from the air. The airside components
of an airport are further categorized as being part of the local airspace or the
airfield.
• Airfield - The airport’s airfield component includes all the facilities located
on the physical property of the airport to facilitate aircraft operations.
• Airspace - The airspace surrounding an airport is simply the area, off the
ground, surrounding the airport, where aircraft maneuver, after takeoff, prior
to landing, or even merely to pass through on the way to another airport.

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IV. MAJOR TERMINAL COMPONENTS
a. Airport Access System. This component is composed of the functional elements
which enable ground ingress and egress to and from the airport terminal facility.
They include the following:
1. Curb - platforms and curb areas (including median strips) which provide
passengers and visitors with vehicle loading and unloading areas adjacent
to the terminal.
2. Pedestrian Walkways - designated lanes and walkways for crossing
airport roads, including tunnels and bridges which provide access between
auto parking areas and the terminal.
3. Auto Parking - areas providing short-term and long-term parking for
passengers, visitors, employees, and car rental.
4. Access Roads - vehicular roadways providing access to the terminal curb,
public and employee parking, and to the community roadway/highway
system.
5. Service Roads - public and nonpublic roadways and fire lanes providing
access to various sub-elements of the terminal and other airport facilities,
such as air freight, fuel tank stands, postal facility, and the like.
b. Main Terminal Building. The following elements comprise this component:
1. Lobbies - public areas for passenger circulation, services, and
passenger/visitor waiting.
2. Airline Ticket Counters/Office Areas - areas required for ticket
transactions, baggage check-in, flight information, and administrative
backup.
3. Public Circulation Areas - areas for general circulation which include
stairways, escalators, elevators, and corridors.
4. Terminal Services - facilities, both public and nonpublic, which provide
services incidental to aircraft flight operations. These facilities include rest
rooms, restaurants and concessions, food preparation and storage areas,
truck service docks, and miscellaneous storage.
5. Outbound Baggage Facility - a nonpublic area for sorting and processing
baggage for departing flights.
6. Intraline and Interline Baggage Facility - a nonpublic area for processing
baggage transferred from one flight to another.
7. Inbound Baggage Facility - a nonpublic area for receiving baggage from
an arriving flight and public areas for baggage pickup by arriving
passengers.
8. Federal Inspection Services - a control point for processing passengers
arriving on international flights.
9. Airport Administration and Services - areas set aside for airport
management, operations, and maintenance functions.
c. Connector. The connector consists of the structure(s) and/or facilities normally
located between the aircraft gate position and the main terminal building. At low
activity airports, i.e., less than approximately 200,000 annual enplaned
passengers; this component is often combined with the terminal building
component. It normally contains the following elements:
1. Concourse - a passageway for circulation between aircraft gate parking
positions and the main terminal building.
2. Departure Lounge - an area for assembling and holding passengers prior
to a flight departure. In some instances, it may be a mobile lounge also used
to transport passengers to a parked aircraft.

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 3. Security Inspection Station - a control point for passenger and baggage
inspection and controlling public access to parked aircraft.
4. Airline Operational Areas - areas set aside for airline personnel,
equipment, and servicing activities related to aircraft arrivals and
departures.
5. Passenger Amenities - areas normally provided in both the connector as
well as the terminal components, particularly at the busier airports with
relatively long connectors. These amenities include rest rooms, snack bars,
beverage lounges, and other concessions and passenger services.
6. Building Maintenance and Utilities - areas often included in the connector
component to provide terminal building maintenance and utilities.
d. Apron. The apron comprises the area and facilities used for aircraft gate parking
and aircraft support and servicing operations. It includes the following sub-
components:
1. Aircraft Gate Parking Positions - used for parking aircraft to enplane and
deplane passengers. The passenger boarding device is part of the gate
position.
2. Aircraft Service Areas - on or adjacent to an aircraft parking position. They
are used by airline personnel/equipment for servicing aircraft and the
staging of baggage, freight, and mail for loading and unloading of aircraft.
3. Taxi lanes - reserved to provide taxiing aircraft with access to and from
parking positions.
4. Service/Fire Lanes - identified rights-of-way on the apron designated for
aircraft ground service vehicles and tire equipment.

V. GLOSSARY
AMENITIES: That part of a terminal building housing convenience, service, and diversion
facilities for the passengers, tenants, and public.
AVERAGE PEAK HOUR: The peak hour of the average peak day. The peak hour is the
one-hour period of any peak day during which the highest percentage of the day's traffic
is experienced. The average peak day is the average of the top 37 days (10 percent) of
a year in terms of traffic volume.
BAGGAGE DIVERTER: A mechanical device for transferring baggage from a moving
conveyor belt to a baggage claim counter in such manner that the baggage is evenly
distributed along the baggage counter.
BOARDING CONTROL POINT: The point at which a passenger's credentials are
inspected to assure that he is authorized to board a particular flight. Normally, this point
is located in the vicinity of the gate from which the flight will depart.
BOARDING PASSENGER: Any originating or connecting passenger authorized to board
a flight.
CONNECTING PASSENGER: A passenger who arrives on one flight only for the purpose
of transferring to another flight to reach his destination. These passengers are broken
down into two categories: interline and interline passengers.
CUSTOMS: This is an area under federal jurisdiction through which passengers arriving
from foreign countries are required by law to pass in order to make a declaration related
to baggage which is accompanying them upon entry to the United States. This area is
used for receipt of a declaration and/or examination of baggage. If duty is required; the

5
customs agent will receive same in the customs area. Special attention must be paid to
the design of this area because of changing techniques of operation.
DEPARTURE ROOM: An assembly area, including the boarding control point, located at
a gate position(s) for passengers pending availability of aircraft for boarding.
DEPLANING: Any passenger, cargo, baggage, visitor, ate., which is related to the
unloading
from an arriving flight.
DOMESTIC PASSENGERS: All passengers traveling in the United States or its territories
are considered as domestic. Foreign nationals within the confines and territory require no
special checking and operate as domestics.
ENPLANING: Any passenger, cargo, baggage, visitor, etc., which is related to the
boarding of a departing flight.
GATE: A location to which aircraft are brought for the purpose of discharging and loading
passengers and their baggage.
GATE CONCOURSE: An extension from the main terminal building primarily intended to
provide protected access for passengers between the main terminal building and the
gates. In addition to the passenger corridor, the concourse may include airline functional
areas and minimum consumer services.
GROUND TRANSPORTATION: The independently operated transportation vehicles
scheduled for passengers' use between airports and the areas served thereby is called
ground transportation.
INTERLINE CONNECTING(ION): A term used to describe passengers and baggage
which arrive on the flight of one airline and depart on a flight of another.
INTOWN TERMINAL: A facility located apart from the airport, usually in the downtown
area of the city, at which passengers may be processed, baggage is checked to
passengers’ destinations, and from which ground transportation is provided.
INTERLINE CONNECTING(ION): A term used to describe passengers and baggage
which arrive on one flight and depart on another flight of the same airline.
IN-TRANSIT PASSENGER: If an internationally bound aircraft stops at an airport for
refueling or discharge of passengers and a remaining number of passengers are to be
detained in the aircraft for another destination, the convenience of providing a totally
segregated lounge facility may be warranted for the continuing passengers. This facility
is referred to as an in-transit area.
LONG-HAUL A term used to define flights or traffic which travels over a relatively long
distance as opposed to those which travel over a shorter distance. Normally, long-haul
passengers arrive at their originating airport earlier than short-haul passengers, carry
more baggage than short-haul passengers, and are accompanied to or are met at the
airport by more persons than short-haul passengers.
ORIGINATING PASSENGER: A passenger who is starting his trip.
OUTBOUND BAGGAGE ROOM: The area to which checked baggage of originating
passengers is delivered for sorting by flights prior to its being dispatched to the aircraft
for loading.
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE: The function of the Public Health Service is to determine
whether an arriving passenger will present a health hazard to the general population. This

6
may require inoculation, special examination, and possibly quarantine. Design requires
correlation with federal authorities.
READY ROOM: An area adjacent to the normal work areas in which personnel whose
duties are performed out-of-doors may assemble, be protected, and from which they may
receive their work assignments. These rooms should be concealed from public view.
SELF-CLAIM BAGGAGE: A method under which passengers have direct access to
terminating baggage in a controlled area. As passengers leave the area, an attendant
retrieves baggage claim checks and matches them to strap checks to assure that
passengers have selected only baggage to which they are entitled.
SHORT-HAUL: A term used to define flights or traffic which travel over a relatively short
distance as opposed to those which travel over a long distance. Normally, short-haul
passengers arrive at the airport of origin later than long-haul passengers, carry less
baggage than long-haul passengers, and are
accompanied to or met at the airport by fewer persons than long-haul passengers.
STANDBY PASSENGER: A passenger not holding confirmed space but who is on hand
at departure time for space that might become available.
TERMINATING PASSENGER: A passenger who has arrived at his destination.
THROUGH PASSENGER: A passenger who arrives and departs on the same flight.
TRANSFER BAGGAGE ROOM: The area to which checked baggage of connecting
passengers is delivered for sorting by flights prior to its being dispatched to the aircraft
for loading. This may be combined with the outbound baggage room at some locations.
UNIT TERMINAL: One of several functionally complete terminal areas (which may be in
the same or several buildings) each of which houses the activities of one or more airlines.

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 CHAPTER 1
AIRPORT GUIDELINES/STANDARDS

I. CONSIDERATIONS
1. Choice of Airport Location: Factors to Consider
• Site placement and runway orientation rely heavily on the airspace and
accompanying ground tracks along the runway’s take-off and landing corridors.
• These factors determine where planes can land safely over 95% of the time,
where obstructions that protrude into the flight path must be removed, and
where the noise from planes might be intolerable for nearby homes,
businesses, and outdoor spaces.
2. Design and Layout (Geometric Design of Airport)
• Airplane Physical Features
o Before beginning any design work, it is necessary to have a firm grasp
of the functionality and structural characteristics of the airplanes that will
be using the airport.
o Maximum take-off weight (W), wingspan (A), length (B), tail height (C),
wheelbase (D), nose to the centerline of main gear (E), undercarriage
width (1.15 main gear track) (F), and line-of-sight/obstacle-free zone at
the nose of the aircraft (G) are the key physical features of the plane that
affect airport design.

• Runway Length
o The ideal runway length is based on aircraft type, maximum take-off
weight, engine performance, landing and braking performance, flap
position, and required safety features.
Minimum Runway Lengths Needed for a Selection of Short and Long Haul Aircraft

8
 *based on varying airlines configurations.
*altitude effects the size of runway, this is just a rough gauge.

o Additionally, each plane in the airport needs to be able to take off with
only one working engine, which means the runway needs to be long
enough and obstacle-free enough to accommodate that. Adequate
stopping space should be incorporated into the stopping zone if the pilot
cancels take-off before the rotation.

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10
 II. GROSS TERMINAL AREA SPACE DISTRIBUTION

11
III. TERMINAL FLOW
1. Enplaning Passenger Flow

12
2. Domestic Deplaning Passenger Flow

13
3. Enplaning Baggage

14
4. Enplaning Cargo

15
5. Mail Cargo

16
IV. DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR PASSENGER TERMINALS
1. Consolidated Passenger Terminal

2. Finger Terminal (Consolidated)

17
3. Satellite Terminal (Consolidated)

4. Finger Terminals (Decentralized)

5. Satellite Terminals (Decentralized)

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 6. Drive to Gate

7. Mobile Lounge

V. TERMINAL AREA CONCEPTS

1. Simple Terminal Concept
• The simple terminal consists of a single common waiting and ticketing area with
exits leading to the aircraft parking apron. It is adaptable to airports with low
airline activity which will usually have an apron providing close-in parking for
three to six commercial transport aircraft. A simple terminal will normally consist
of a single-level structure with two to four gates where access to aircraft is
afforded by a walk across the aircraft parking apron. The layout of the simple
terminal should take into account the possibility of pier or linear extensions for
terminal expansion.
2. Pier Concept
• Has an interface with aircraft along piers extending from the main terminal area.
In the pier concept, aircraft are usually arranged around the axis of the pier in
a parallel or perpendicular parked relationship. Each pier has a row of aircraft

19
 gate positions on both sides, with the passenger right-of-way or concourse
running along the axis of the pier which serves as the circulation space for
enplaning and deplaning passengers.

3. Satellite Concept
• consists of a building, surrounded by aircraft, which is separated from the
terminal and is usually reached by means of a surface, underground, or above-

20
grade connector. The aircraft are normally parked in radial or parallel positions
around the satellite, which can have common or separate departure lounges.

21
4. Linear Concept
• aircraft are parked along the face of the terminal building. Concourses connect
the various terminal functions with the aircraft gate positions.

5. Transporter Concept
• Aircraft and aircraft-servicing functions in the transporter concept are remotely
located from the terminal. The connection to the terminal is provided by
vehicular transport for enplaning and deplaning passengers.

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VI. PASSENGER LOADING METHODS
1. From a single level terminal building the passengers walk across the apron to the
aircraft. This method is presently being employed by many airports in use today.

2. From a two-level terminal building the passengers walk down a flight of stairs and
then across the apron to the aircraft. This is an intermediate phase in use, where
the future development would employ the use of jetways.

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3. This method shows a jetway which rotates into position and has the capability of
telescoping to accomplish the interface between aircraft of different sill height .
This diagram demonstrates a power-in, pushout gate position.

4. This is the same as method 3 above, however, it differs only in that this diagram
demonstrates a power-in, power-out gate position.

24
5. This diagram demonstrates a fixed jet way of short length and with a small amount
of telescoping capability. This jetway also has the capability of making some
adjustments in sill height. The gate position can only be a power-in, push-out
condition.

6. This method, which is used in some present-day airports, consists of a train of

carts designed to carry passengers or it may consist of the use of buses to deliver
the passengers to a remote aircraft parking position. The terminal building can be
either a one-level or two-level structure.

7. This method is known as the Mobil-lounge and consists of an elaborately furnished

bus with a scissor lift end a telescoping front to achieve the interface between both
the aircraft and the terminal building. The aircraft is parked at a remote position
from the terminal building.

25
8. This method is used for the wide-bodied aircraft. The two main corridors are fixed
in their location, however, the four short jetways nave telescoping capability in
order to achieve the interface with the aircraft. The gate position, requires a power-
in, push-out condition.

9. This method is also used for the wide-bodied aircraft. It is based upon the concept
of a fixed corridor for access to the front two passenger doors and a cantilevered
jet way over the wing to reach the back door. Here again, the gate position requires
a power-in, push-out condition.

26
Typical Gate Lounge

VII. BAGGAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS

Area Considerations for Baggage Systems:
1. Enplaning Baggage
a. Curbside check-in. This area must provide convenience of tagging and
usually some mechanical conveyance back to a central bag room.
b. Counter check-in. This will coincide with the usual ticket counter in the
main terminal area. It is customary to provide mechanization from an area
directly in the back of the ticket counter to the central baggage room.
c. Gate check-in. In small quantities, bags are received at the gate. Bags
must be checked in at this point because many passengers mistakenly

27
 believe that their suitcases will be accepted for storage in the passenger
portion of the plane.
d. Transfer baggage. Additional bags will be received at a convenient location
adjacent to the baggage room for transfer from other airlines or the same
carrier.
2. Deplaning Baggage.
a. In order to size a baggage claim area, the architect must have the following
information: the number of passengers and the amount of baggage that will
be claimed within the peak condition, the type of claiming device and its
physical size, its capacity, and its linear feet of frontage.

Baggage Claim Systems

a. The baggage is transported from the aircraft to the claiming device by a cart and
is then off-loaded manually by an attendant.

b. DIVERTER. In this system the baggage is placed on a conveyor at one end. A

diverter moves back and forth along the conveyor and disperses the baggage onto
the claiming device.

c. CAROUSEL. A conveyor, from underneath or from above, delivers the baggage to

a rotating carousel.

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d. RACE TRACK. A conveyor from underneath or from above, delivers the baggage
to a continuously circulating conveyor, the length of which will depend upon the
terminal layout.

e. POD. The baggage pod is removed from the aircraft and delivered to the claim
area. The passengers remove their baggage from the pod.

f. AMOEBA. This system is an extension of the race track system. The only
difference being that the baggage is manually loaded directly onto the conveyor by
an attendant behind a wall and out of view from the passengers.

29
 g. AUTOMATED. This system consists of carts that are operated by a computer
system. The passenger inserts his claim ticket into a call box at a desired location,
the cart then delivers the baggage at that location.

VIII. AIRLINE TICKET COUNTER/OFFICES

The Airline Ticket Counter (ATO) area is the primary location for passengers to complete
ticket transactions and check-in baggage. It includes the airline counters, space and/or
conveyors for handling outbound baggage, counter agent service areas, and related
administrative/support offices.
1. Linear Counter

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2. Flow-through Counters

3. Island Counter

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IX. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Needless to say, passengers who may be carrying baggage should be offered such
conveniences of design as automated doors, sufficiently wide escalators, moving
sidewalks, and similar devices. At all times the analysis of traffic flow, volume of
passengers, and direction of movement should be carefully considered.
The terminal must also provide amenities for the traveling public. These may
include any o1 the following list and such other items as may be determined by a
particular-locale:
• Bank
• Newsstand
• Barber shop
• Observation deck
• Camera shop
• Parcel lockers
• Candy store
• Restaurant and supplementary eating facilities
• Car rental agencies
• Cocktail lounge
• Drug store
• Rest room facilities
• Duty free shops
• Shoe shine
• Employee snack bar and cafeteria
• Showers/ dressing rooms
• Teenage lounge
• Flower shop
• Gift shop
• Hotel
• Television lounge
• Insurance vending
• Valet
• Money exchange
• Women's wear

Traveler's aid in large installations and nursery facilities adjacent to the women's
lounge in the main portion of the facility. Medical and first-aid facilities should be
included in the passenger terminal if they are not provided elsewhere in the airport.

X. PARKING REQUIREMENTS
The different types of parking are short-term (metered parking), medium-term (one
or two days), long-term parking, valet parking, and rent-a-car parking.
a. Locations
• Public parking lots should be located to limit walking distances from parked
automobiles to terminals to no more than 1,000 feet (300 m). At larger
airports, large volume parking needs may require provision of remote
parking facilities served by shuttle bus or people mover systems.

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b. Sizing
• A rule-of-thumb suggests an increase of 15 percent in the number of
estimated parking spaces to minimize the amount of time required to find a
parking space. In developing a parking lot plan, approximately 31.5 to 36.0
m2, including lanes, should be allowed for each parked automobile. This is
the equivalent of 109 to 124 parked cars per acre (269 to 306 per hectare)
for on-grade parking.
• One (1) car slot for every 1,000.00 sq. meters of gross floor area and one
(1) bus slot for every one hundred (100) workers; if number of workers
exceed two hundred (200), provide one (1) off-RROW (or off-street)
passenger loading space that can accommodate two (2) queued
jeepney/shuttle slots
c. Circulation
• Counter-clockwise circulation within the parking lot is usually preferable and
one-way traffic control is recommended to minimize congestion and
hazards.
d. Parking Structures
• Multilevel parking structures are used at high activity airports, albeit with
higher construction costs, to increase the number of parking slots in a given
arca and to reduce walking distances.
e. Employee And Tenant Parking
• Employee and tenant parking should be provided near working areas which
are not in or near terminal buildings, Otherwise, remote parking with a
shuttle service to work areas is required.
f. Public Transportation and Rental Car Areas
• Parking facilities arti also required for the short-term parking of taxis, vans,
limousines, busts, and for rental car ready and storage lots.

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XI. AIRPORT LAYOUT SAMPLE

Medium-type Air-passenger Terminal

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35
 CHAPTER 2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF BACOLOD CITY

Bacolod City is a highly urbanized city located in the middle of the Philippine
archipelago, the gateway to Sugarlandia, capital city of Negros Occidental and lies at the
center of the Negros Island Region.
Bacolod, officially the City of Bacolod is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the
region of Western Visayas, Philippines. It is the capital of the province of Negros
Occidental, where it is geographically situated but governed administratively
independent.
With a total of 600,783 inhabitants as of the 2020 census, it is the most populous
city in Western Visayas and the second most populous city in the entire Visayas after
Cebu City. It is the center of the Bacolod metropolitan area, which also includes the cities
of Bago, La Carlota, Silay, Talisay, Victorias, and the municipalities of Enrique B.
Magalona, Murcia, Pulupandan, San Enrique, and Valladolid, with a total population of
1,435,980 inhabitants, along with a total area of 2,265.30 km2 (874.64 sq mi).
It is notable for its MassKara Festival held during the third week of October and is
known for bearing the nickname "The City of Smiles". The city is also famous for its local
delicacies piaya, cansi, and chicken inasal.

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I. BACOLOD CITY PROFILE
• Land Area
o 16,145 has. (Including straights and bodies of water)
• Reclaimed Area
o 279 has.
• No. of Barangays
o 61 (41 urban & 20 sub-urban Barangays)
• No. of Puroks
o 729
• 2015 Population Census (Philippine Statistics Authority)
o 561,875

II. CLIMATE
Bacolod has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) with two pronounced
seasons, wet and dry. The rainy (wet) season starts from May to December with heavy
rains occurring during the months of August and September. The dry season starts from
the month of January until the last week of April.

III. GEOGRAPHY
Bacolod is located on the northwestern coast of the large island of Negros. Within
the island, it is bounded on the north by the city of Talisay, on the east by the town of
Murcia and on the south by the city of Bago. As a coastal city, it is bounded on the west
by the Guimaras Strait, serving as a natural border of northwestern Negros Island Region
to the neighboring Western Visayas. The global location of Bacolod is 10 degrees, 40
minutes 40 seconds - north and 122 degrees 54 minutes 25 seconds - east with Bacolod
Public Plaza as the benchmark.

IV. CULTURE
• Masskara Festival
o The MassKara Festival
(Hiligaynon: Pista sang
Maskara, Filipino: Fiesta
ng Maskara) is an annual
festival held on the fourth
Sunday of October in
Bacolod. Dancers wear
masks, which is where the
festival gets its name.

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 • Panaad sa Negros Festival
o The Panaad sa Negros Festival, or just the Panaad Festival (sometimes
spelled as Pana-ad), is a festival held annually during the month of April.
Panaad is the Hiligaynon word for "vow" or "promise"; the festival is a form of
thanksgiving to Divine Providence and commemoration of a vow in exchange
for a good life.
o The celebration is held at the Panaad Park, which also houses the Panaad
Stadium, and is participated in by the 13 cities and 19 towns of the province.
For this reason, the province dubs it the "mother" of all its festivals.

• Bacolaodiat Festival
o Bacolod's Chinese New year Festival. It comes from the word "Bacolod" and
"Lao Diat" which means celebration.

V. TOURISM
• Tourism (2016)
o Tourist Arrivals = 798,968
o Foreign Tourist = 71,233
o Domestic Tourist = 727,735

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• San Sebastian Cathedral, Bacolod City
o The seat of the Roman Catholic Church in Bacolod City, Philippines, is in front
of the Public Plaza. This late 19th Century Church has Coral Stones from
Guimaras and hardwood from Palawan as its primary building materials.

• Bacolod City Bandstand

o The Bandstand was constructed in 1926 and is inscribed on the sides of its roof
with Musical Icons such as Wagner, Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn. This
Bacolod Tourist Spot is at the center of Bacolod Public Plaza.

• Negros Museum, Bacolod City

o The Negros Museum, another Bacolod Tourist Spot, is in the Provincial Capitol
Complex. The museum was built originally as the Provincial Agricultural
Building in 1925.

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• Provincial Capitol and Lagoon
o The seat of the provincial government of Negros Occidental. Its Romanesque
neo-classical architectural design reflects the status of Negros Occidental
during its hay day being the richest brought about by the boom of the sugar
industry. During World War II, the Japanese used this place as headquarters.

• Panaad Park and Stadium, Bacolod City

o Located in Brgy. Mansilingan, Bacolod City. The park houses the Panaad
Sports Complex, which hosts various significant National and International
sports events. The place is also the venue of the annual Panaad sa Negros
Festival.

• Pope John Paul II Tower, Bacolod City

o Another Bacolod City Tourist Spot is the
seven-story structure located at the back
portion of SM City Bacolod, the Pope John
Paull II Tower. The structure is standing right at
the same location where the Pope held a Mass
when he visited Bacolod City during his first
visit in 1981.

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VI. TRANSPORTATION
• Motor Vehicles Registered • Mode of Transformations
o Cars = 11,666 o Jeepneys
o UV’s = 28,812 o Tricycles
o SUV’s = 56,005 o Taxis
o Trucks = 9,240 o Buses
o Buses = 191 o Grab
o Motorcycle/Tricycle = 28,686
o Trailers = 378
o Total = 84,978

VII. EXISTING DOMESTIC AIRPORT IN BACOLOD CITY

1. Bacolod–Silay Airport
Bacolod–Silay International Airport (IATA: BCD, ICAO: RPVB), is an airport serving the
general area of Metro Bacolod, located in the Western Visayas region of the Philippines.
The airport is located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) northeast of Bacolod on a 181-hectare (450-
acre) site in Barangay Bagtic, Silay, Negros Occidental. The facility inherited its IATA and
ICAO airport codes from Bacolod City Domestic Airport, which it replaced in 2008.
Capable of handling international air traffic, the airport is the busier of the two major
airports serving Negros Island, the other being Dumaguete Sibulan Airport in Sibulan,
Negros Oriental.

AIRLINES DESTINATIONS
Cebgo Cebu
Cebu Pacific Davao, Manila
PAL Express Cebu, Manila
Philippines
Manila
AirAsia

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VIII. MAPS
• Bacolod City

42
43
 ENCLOSURES
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport

Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport (IATA: TAC, ICAO: RPVA), also known as Tacloban City
Airport, is an airport serving the general area of Tacloban, a highly urbanized city in the
Leyte island of the Philippines. It is the main gateway from Manila and Cebu to Eastern
Visayas. It is classified as a Class 1 principal (major domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines. In 2022, Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport served 1.48 million
passengers, making it the seventh-busiest in the country.
The airport is named after Daniel Z. Romualdez, a former speaker of the House of
Representatives of the Philippines. It is one of two airports in the Philippines named after
a member of the Romualdez family, the other being Imelda R. Marcos Airport in Mati after
Imelda Romualdez-Marcos, the wife of the late president Ferdinand Marcos.

AIRLINES DESTINATIONS
Cebgo Cebu
Cebu Pacific Manila
PAL Express Cebu, Manila
Philippines
Clark, Manila
AirAsia

2. Zamboanga International Airport

Zamboanga International Airport (IATA: ZAM, ICAO: RPMZ) is the main airport serving
Zamboanga City in the Philippines. Located on a 270-hectare (670-acre) site in Barangay
Canelar, Zamboanga City, the airport is Mindanao's third-busiest airport after Francisco
Bangoy International Airport in Davao City and Laguindingan Airport in Laguindingan,
Misamis Oriental.
Despite being billed as an international airport, the airport is officially classified as a Class
1 principal domestic airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines.

AIRLINES DESTINATIONS

44
 Bangsamoro
Cotabato
Airways
Cebgo Cebu, Davao
Cebu, Davao,
Cebu Pacific
Manila, Tawi-Tawi
Leading Edge Jolo
PAL Express Cebu, Manila, Tawi-Tawi
Platinum
Jolo, Tawi-Tawi
Skies
Sky Pasada Jolo, Luuk

3. Laguindingan Airport
Laguindingan Airport (IATA: CGY, ICAO: RPMY), also referred to as Laguindingan
International Airport, is an international airport in Northern Mindanao that serves the cities
of Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, and Marawi, as well as the provinces of Misamis Oriental,
Lanao del Norte and Bukidnon in the Philippines. The airport is Mindanao's second-
busiest airport after Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City.
While the airport is billed as an international airport, Laguindigan Airport is classified as a
Class 1 principal (major domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
(CAAP), a body of the Department of Transportation (DOTr) responsible for implementing
policies on civil aviation to assure safe, economic and efficient air travel, and the handling
of operations at airports (except major international ones).

AIRLINES DESTINATIONS
Cebu, Davao,
Cebgo
Iloilo
Cebu Pacific Manila
PAL Express Cebu, Manila
Philippines
Manila
AirAsia
Sunlight Air Cebu

45
 4. Jolo Airport
Jolo Airport (IATA: JOL, ICAO: RPMJ) is an airport serving the general area of Jolo,
located in the province of Sulu, Philippines. It is the only airport in the province of Sulu.
The airport is classified as a Class 2 principal (minor domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation that is responsible
for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines
except the major international airports.

5. Moises R. Espinosa Airport

Moises R. Espinosa Airport (IATA: MBT, ICAO: RPVJ), also known as Masbate Airport, is
the airport serving the general area of Masbate City, located in the province of Masbate
in the Philippines. It is named for Moises R. Espinosa Sr., a former Representative of
Masbate who was assassinated at the airport on March 17, 1989.
The airport is classified as a Class 2 principal (minor domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation that is responsible
for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines
except the major international airports.

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 6. Surigao Airport
Surigao Airport (IATA: SUG, ICAO: RPMS) is an airport serving the general area of
Surigao City, located in the province of Surigao del Norte in the Philippines. The airport is
classified as a Class 2 principal (minor domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of
the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation that is responsible for the
operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the
major international airports.

7. Marinduque Airport
Marinduque Airport (IATA: MRQ, ICAO: RPUW) is the only airport located on and serving
the island province of Marinduque in the Philippines. It is in Barangay Masiga in the town
of Gasan, near the border with the provincial capital, Boac. It is classified as a Class 2
principal (minor domestic) airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP),
an attached agency of the Department of Transportation that is responsible for the
operations of airports in the Philippines (except the major international airports).

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY:
https://www.arch2o.com/airport-design-standards/
https://www.wccaviation.com/blogs/an-overview-of-the-airline-industry-in-the-
philippines#:~:text=1941%20%E2%80%93%20The%20first%20domestic%20airline,carr
ier%20airline%20of%20the%20Philippines
https://tavtechnologies.aero/en-EN/review/pages/airporthistory
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_airport
https://www.traveloka.com/en-ph/explore/tips/domestic-international-airports-
philippines/63570
https://www.aviationupdatesph.com/airports-in-the-philippines/
https://thehappytrip.com/2014/02/12-things-to-do-when-visiting-bacolod-city/
https://www.funbooky.com/en-us/travel/public-transfer/philippines/bacolod
https://www.scribd.com/document/443124222/Bacolod-Socio-Economic-Profile-2017-1

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