Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
4 views

Module 5

The document explains the process of projecting 3D objects into 2D images, detailing two main methods: parallel and perspective projections. It further elaborates on types of parallel projections, including orthographic and axonometric projections, as well as different forms of perspective projections based on the number of vanishing points. Additionally, it discusses the use of 4x4 matrices for transforming 3D points into their projected 2D coordinates.

Uploaded by

Aman M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Module 5

The document explains the process of projecting 3D objects into 2D images, detailing two main methods: parallel and perspective projections. It further elaborates on types of parallel projections, including orthographic and axonometric projections, as well as different forms of perspective projections based on the number of vanishing points. Additionally, it discusses the use of 4x4 matrices for transforming 3D points into their projected 2D coordinates.

Uploaded by

Aman M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

PROJECTIONS

▪ It is the process of converting 3D object into 2D


object. Or Transformation of 3D area into 2D area.

▪ Projection is an image or a process by which we


can create an image of an object on a plane.

▪ There are two basic projection methods


1. Parallel projection
2. Perspective projection
PARALLEL PROJECTION

▪A parallel projection is formed by extending


parallel lines from each vertex of the object until
they intersect the plane of the screen.
▪ The point of intersection is the projection of the
vertex.
▪ Then we connect the projected vertices by line
segments which correspond to connections on the
original object
▪ When the projection lines are normal to the
projection plane, the projection is called
orthographic projection.

▪ This projection is a good approximation of the


actual projection that the human eye makes in the
real world.

▪ Orthographic projections do not change the length


of line segments which are parallel to projection
plane.
Multiview
▪ We can also form orthographic projections in such
a way that more than one face of an object can be
displayed.

▪ Such views are called as axonometric orthographic


projections.

▪ There are three types of axonometric orthographic


projections.
1. Isometric
2. Diametric
3. Trimetric
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
▪ The most commonly used.
▪ The projections are aligned in such a way that all
the edges will appear shortened by same distance
▪ All three angles are equal.
DIAMETRIC PROJECTION

▪ In these two projectors have equal angles with


respect to two principal axis.
TRIMETRIC PROJECTION

•The direction of projection makes unequal angle with


their principal axis.

▪.
oblique projection
▪ If the projection lines are not normal to view plane,
then it is called as oblique projection

▪ We have two types of oblique projections.


1. Cavalier
2. Cabinet
CAVALIER PROJECTION

▪ Special case of oblique projection.

▪ This occurs when the projection vector forms an


angle of 45° with the z-axis.

▪ The lines which are parallel to z axis are projected


with no change in length.
▪ There is no fore shorting lines which falls on view
plane.
tan 45=1
CABINET PROJECTIONS
▪ In cabinet projection we are having only half the
actual z distance along the projected
axis.(foreshortening of line)
▪ It uses a projection vector that forms an angle of
63.4° with the z-axis.
tan A
tan 63.4=2
Cot A=1/2
63.4

63.4
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

•A perspective projection is the one produced by straight lines radiating from a common
point and passing through point on the sphere to the plane of projection.
•Perspective projection is a geometric technique used to produce a three dimensional
graphic image on a plane, corresponding to what person sees.
•Any set of parallel lines of object that are not parallel to the projection plane are
projected into converging lines. A different set of parallel lines will have a separate
vanishing point.
•Coordinate positions are transferred to the view plane along lines that converge to a
point called projection reference point.
•The distance and angles are not preserved and parallel lines do not remain parallel.
Instead, they all converge at a single point called center of projection there are 3 types of
perspective projections.
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
▪ There are different types of perspective projections
based on the number of vanishing points.

▪ We can have one point, two point and three point


perspectives.
O N E POINT PERSPECTIVE

▪ When the projection plane


is perpendicular to one of
the principal axis, one point
perspective occurs.
T W O POINT PERSPECTIVE

▪ If the projection plane intersects exactly two


principal axes, a two point perspective occurs.
THREE POINT PERSPECTIVE

▪ If the plane of projection is not parallel to any


principal axis, a three point perspective occurs.
MATRIX REPRESENTATION O F
PROJECTION
▪ They are nothing more than 4x4 matrices, which are d e s i g n e d so that
when you multiply a 3D point in camera s p a ce b y one of these
matrices, you e nd up with a new point which is the projected version
of the original 3D point onto the s cre e n .

▪ More precisely, multiplying a 3D point by a


projection matrix allows you to find the 2D
coordinates of this point onto the screen.

You might also like