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Tutorial_3

The document outlines a tutorial for the Physics of Waves course at IIT Kharagpur, covering various problems related to vibration isolation, coupled LC circuits, normal modes of oscillation, energy exchange in pendulums, and coupled oscillators. Each problem includes specific tasks such as calculating frequencies, writing equations of motion, and analyzing energy conservation. The tutorial aims to enhance understanding of wave physics through practical applications and theoretical analysis.

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Ritam Banerjee 11-A Roll-21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Tutorial_3

The document outlines a tutorial for the Physics of Waves course at IIT Kharagpur, covering various problems related to vibration isolation, coupled LC circuits, normal modes of oscillation, energy exchange in pendulums, and coupled oscillators. Each problem includes specific tasks such as calculating frequencies, writing equations of motion, and analyzing energy conservation. The tutorial aims to enhance understanding of wave physics through practical applications and theoretical analysis.

Uploaded by

Ritam Banerjee 11-A Roll-21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Course: Physics of Waves (PH11003) Session: 2024-25 (Spring)


Tutorial-3

1. A piece of delicate apparatus sits on a floor which has a vertical vibration of 20 cps. You
wish to attenuate the jiggling by a factor of 100, so you set the apparatus on a cushion.
About how far down should the top of the cushion sink when the apparatus is placed on it?
Solving this problem will give you some sense of how to design a vibration isolation stage.

2. Consider the coupled LC circuits shown in the figure below. The circuits are driven with a
voltage V (t) at one end.

(a) Write the equations for the currents Ia and Ib .


(b) Find the normal coordinates and frequency of the normal modes.
(c) Explain how the above circuits can act as an electrical low-pass filter.

Figure 1: Figure for Problem 2

3. A coupled system is in a vertical plane. Each rod is of mass m and length l and can freely
oscillate about the point of suspension. The spring is attached at a length b from the points
of suspension (see Figure 2).

(a) Find the frequencies of normal (eigen) modes.


(b) Find out the ratios of amplitudes of the two oscillators for exciting the normal (eigen)
modes.

1
Figure 2: Figure for Problem 3

4. Two identical pendulums of the same mass m are connected by a light spring. The dis-
placements of the two masses are given, respectively, by
       
ω2 − ω1 ω2 + ω1 ω2 − ω1 ω2 + ω1
xa = A cos t cos t , xb = A sin t sin t .
2 2 2 2

Assume that the spring is sufficiently weak that its potential energy can be neglected and
that the energy of each pendulum can be considered to be constant over a cycle of its
oscillation.
(a) find the energy of pendulam ’a’ and ’b’, and that the total energy of the system remains
constant.
(b) Sketch Ea and Eb over several cycles on the same graph. What is the frequency at
which there is total exchange of energy between the two masses?
5. Three identical masses m are connected in series to four identical springs each of force
constant k (each mass coupled to two strings, and the end springs to walls):
(a) Calculate the eigenfrequencies of small oscillations (normal modes) of this coupled
oscillator system.
(b) What sets of initial displacements would you give to the three masses so that the
system oscillates in each of these normal modes?
6. The figure below shows two masses M and m suspended from a rigid ceiling by springs of
spring constant k1 and k2 .
(a) If the mass M is subjected to a driving force F0 cos ωt in the downward direction, show
that the equations of motion of the masses are
d2 x1
M + (k1 + k2 )x1 − k2 x2 = F0 cos ωt
dt2
and
d2 x2
m − k2 x1 + k2 x2 = 0,
dt2
where x1 and x2 are the displacements of the masses M and m, respectively, from their
equilibrium positions.
(b) Assuming solutions of the form x1 = A cos ωt and x2 = B cos ωt, Find the expression of
A and B

q
k1 k2 m
(c) For ω = M, show that the amplitude of vibration of mass M will be zero if k1 = M.

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