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HEALTH OPTIMIZING
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Introduction to Sports

Localized Learing Resources | Learner’ s Materials

Republic of the Philippines | Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY | NOT FOR SALE

Health Optimizing Physical Education 2
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Introduction to Sports
First Edition, 2024

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the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Juan Edgardo "Sonny" M. Angara
Undersecretary for Curriculum and Instruction: Gina O. Gonong

Development Team of the Localized Learning Resources

Writer: Ted Jayson B. Guadamor

Editor: Ted Jayson B. Guadamor
Reviewers: Sayan F. Encina; Rovina Mae B. De Leon;
Zyra F. Miranda; and Vianca Joie C. Caballes
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Icons made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
Cover Design: Jhucel A. Del Rosario
Management Team: Rosemarie D. Torres, CESO V
Gregorio A. Co Jr., CESO VI
Antonio P. Faustino Jr., CESE
Elpidia B. Bergado, Ed.D
Myra Lyn T. Bergunio
Noel S. Ortega
Leonila L. Custodio
Marlon C. Dejesa

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Cavite

Office Address: Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City Cavite
E-mail Address: deped.cavite@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises,
and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are
provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to
our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on
your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the
instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Health Optimizing Physical Education 2. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

● Lesson 1 – Introduction to Sports

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Most Essential Learning Competency: Describes the role of physical activity assessments in
managing one’s stress [PEH11FH-IIf-5].
1. Define sports and identify the different classifications of sports, including
individual, dual, and team sports.
2. Demonstrate awareness of basic skills and safety practices necessary for
participation in common sports activities.
3. Appreciate the value of sports in fostering personal growth, teamwork, and
community.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following best describes sports?

A. Activities with no rules or objectives
B. Structured physical activities with specific rules and objectives
C. Activities focused only on entertainment
D. Only professional-level competitions

2. What is an example of an individual sport?

A. Soccer
B. Tennis
C. Gymnastics
D. Volleyball

3. Which type of sport requires two participants competing against each other?
A. Team sports
B. Dual sports
C. Recreational sports
D. Extreme sports

4. Which quality is emphasized in individual sports?

A. Partnership
B. Teamwork
C. Self-reliance
D. Delegation

5. Team sports primarily focus on which of the following skills?

A. Self-discipline
B. Solo performance
C. Social skills and teamwork
D. Individual resilience

6. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of participating in sports?

A. Physical development
B. Increased stress
C. Mental resilience
D. Social connections

7. Engaging in physical activity triggers the release of what in the brain?

A. Stress hormones
B. Endorphins
C. Neurotransmitters that increase anxiety
D. None of the above

8. In sports, sportsmanship means:

A. Focusing only on winning
B. Demonstrating ethical behavior and respect
C. Ignoring rules when necessary
D. Competing without regard for others

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9. Fair play is best described as:
A. Ignoring unwritten rules
B. Playing by both written and unwritten rules
C. Winning at any cost
D. Bending the rules for an advantage

10. The term “inclusivity” in sports refers to:

A. Only allowing experienced athletes to participate
B. Valuing diverse backgrounds and skill levels
C. Excluding lower skill levels
D. Prioritizing competition over unity

11. Which of the following is a team sport?

A. Swimming
B. Badminton
C. Basketball
D. Tennis

12. Why are rules important in sports?

A. To create more complex games
B. To ensure fair play and safety
C. To make sports harder
D. To increase competition only

13. What is one primary purpose of safety practices in sports?

A. To increase game length
B. To reduce the risk of injury
C. To make the game more competitive
D. To limit the number of players

14. Which is NOT an example of sportsmanship?

A. Helping a fallen opponent
B. Congratulating an opponent after a game
C. Ignoring an opponent after winning
D. Respecting the referee's decisions

15. Why is learning basic skills essential in sports?

A. To make games last longer
B. To increase performance and reduce injury risk
C. To keep sports easy
D. To focus on winning only

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 Lesson
Introduction to Sports
1
Welcome to an exciting journey into the world of sports and physical activity! In HOPE
2, we will explore how sports go beyond just games and competitions. They offer a platform
for personal growth, physical fitness, mental resilience, and valuable life skills.

Sports have evolved from simple forms of entertainment to organized activities with
rules and objectives, shaping both our bodies and minds. In this module, you will discover the
various classifications of sports—individual, dual, and team sports—and their unique benefits.
You will also learn about the importance of sportsmanship, fair play, and how respecting
diversity makes sports a unifying force.

Whether you are an athlete or just interested in learning, this module will help you
understand the profound impact of sports on health, well-being, and social skills. Let us dive
in and see how sports can be a powerful tool for physical development, emotional strength,
and fostering connections with others.

What’s In

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What sports or physical activities do you enjoy? Why?

2. Have you ever participated in an individual, dual, or team sport? What did you learn
from the experience?
3. If you could choose any sport to try or master, what would it be? What skills or qualities
do you think you would develop through that sport?

What’s New

Sports are defined as structured physical activities characterized by specific rules,

objectives, and often competitive elements. Originating from the Middle English term
"sporten," meaning to divert, sports were initially activities meant to provide entertainment and
physical engagement. Modern sports encompass both amateur and professional practices,
with objectives that include enhancing physical fitness, developing skills, and fostering social
bonds. They range in format from recreational, casual activities to highly competitive and
professional forms, all governed by specific rules designed to maintain fair play and ensure
safety for participants.

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Classifications of Sports
1. Individual Sports Individual sports, such as swimming, track and field, and
gymnastics, focus on personal achievement and skill development. Competitors
participate independently, relying on self-discipline and personal motivation to reach
success. Individual sports emphasize self-reliance and concentration, often making
them suitable for people looking to set personal goals and measure progress against
their own standards rather than direct competition with others. They foster qualities like
focus, self-improvement, and resilience.

2. Dual Sports In dual sports, two participants engage in competitive play against one
another. Examples include tennis, badminton, and table tennis. Success in these
sports often requires both personal skill and effective communication with a partner.
Dual sports foster the development of both self-discipline and interpersonal skills, as
players must be able to anticipate and respond to their partner’s movements and
tactics. These sports cultivate partnership, coordination, and adaptability, helping
participants improve their teamwork abilities.

3. Team Sports Team sports, such as basketball, soccer, and volleyball, require
cooperation and coordination among multiple players working towards a shared
objective. In these sports, success is based on the collective performance and strategic
collaboration of the team members. Team sports emphasize social skills, leadership,
and a sense of community, as each player contributes unique skills to achieve the
team’s goals. They are essential for developing communication skills, trust, and mutual
responsibility, which are valuable both in and out of the sports setting.

Benefits of Participating in Sports

Physical Development
Engaging in sports significantly boosts physical health through activities that
strengthen the cardiovascular system, muscles, and overall stamina. Regular participation in
physical activities like sports lowers the risk of chronic conditions such as heart disease,
hypertension, and diabetes by maintaining a healthy weight and improving metabolic health.
Furthermore, sports activities enhance flexibility and endurance, which support long-term
physical resilience and fitness.

Mental and Emotional Development

Sports participation also has profound effects on mental and emotional well-being.
Physical activity, particularly in team sports, triggers the release of endorphins and reduces
stress hormone levels, which collectively help to alleviate stress and promote a positive mental
state. For example, engaging in sports has been shown to decrease anxiety and improve
mood, as individuals become absorbed in the present moment and focused on the game itself.
This mindfulness can serve as a coping mechanism for managing stress, and regular physical
activity is even shown to decrease symptoms of depression over time. Additionally, sports

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foster resilience, discipline, and mental focus, which are essential for personal development
and academic success.

Social Development
Sports also encourage social growth by building relationships, teamwork, and effective
communication skills. When students participate in team sports, they learn empathy and
respect for others’ roles, both on and off the field. These activities also nurture leadership
qualities, as participants often need to make decisions and collaborate under pressure, all
while upholding sportsmanship and fair play. Studies have shown that those who engage in
team sports exhibit higher levels of social competence and are better at forming friendships
and social networks, which can positively influence their overall life satisfaction.

Sportsmanship and Fair Play

Importance of Sportsmanship
Sportsmanship encompasses respectful, ethical behavior that athletes demonstrate
toward opponents, teammates, and officials. It embodies integrity, respect, and humility,
encouraging participants to pursue victory with honor rather than focusing solely on winning.
This means adhering to rules, valuing fair competition, and gracefully accepting both victory
and defeat. These principles not only enhance the competitive experience but also foster
personal growth and emotional resilience, skills that are valuable beyond sports.

In practical terms, sportsmanship involves small actions such as congratulating an

opponent after a game or helping a player up after a fall. These gestures build mutual respect
and contribute to a positive sporting atmosphere. Importantly, sportsmanship teaches life
skills, such as self-discipline, empathy, and the ability to handle pressure gracefully—skills
that are as relevant in daily interactions as they are in sports.

Principles of Fair Play

Fair play is a key ethical standard in sports, focused on fairness, honesty, and respect
for all participants. It requires that athletes play by both the written and unwritten rules of their
sport, fostering a level playing field and upholding the spirit of healthy competition. For
example, respecting an official’s decision, even when it goes against one’s team, illustrates
fair play and builds team morale. By promoting integrity and sports ethics, fair play helps
ensure that the outcomes of sports are determined by skill and effort rather than
unsportsmanlike conduct.

Moreover, fair play extends beyond mere rule-following; it includes respecting

opponents as partners in competition. This perspective encourages athletes to value
cooperation and mutual respect, essential components for achieving excellence within a
framework of integrity.

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Respecting Diversity and Inclusivity
An inclusive approach in sports means valuing diverse backgrounds and skill levels
among participants. Fair play fosters an environment where all individuals, regardless of their
backgrounds, feel respected and welcomed. By promoting inclusivity, sports teams can build
a sense of unity and collaboration that strengthens both individual and team performance.
This inclusivity is essential in developing empathy and adaptability, as players learn to
appreciate and support one another regardless of cultural, racial, or skill-based differences.

In sports and beyond, embracing diversity encourages young athletes to build

meaningful relationships and contribute to social unity. These principles help ensure that all
players experience a sense of belonging and respect, reinforcing the broader societal values
of equality and mutual respect.

Overview of Rules, Safety, and Basic Skills in Various Sports

Importance of Rules in Sports

Rules in sports establish a standard of fair play, maintaining the integrity of the game
by ensuring all players compete on equal terms. In team sports like soccer, basketball, and
rugby, rules regulate actions such as scoring, penalties, and the duration of the game. For
instance, soccer’s offside rule prevents unfair positioning, while basketball’s shot clock
enforces time limits on offensive plays, encouraging a dynamic pace. These regulations are
not only essential for fair competition but also help define each sport’s unique characteristics.

Safety Practices in Sports

Safety is fundamental in sports, minimizing the risk of injury for players. Basic safety
measures include using protective gear, such as helmets and pads, and following training
techniques that reduce physical strain. Proper warm-up routines, adequate hydration, and
awareness of the sport's injury risks are essential preventative practices. Governing bodies
adapt rules to enhance safety—for example, reducing head impacts in youth football by
limiting certain types of tackles. This ensures that participants remain safe and reduces long-
term risks, helping young athletes develop healthy sports habits.

Basic Skills in Common Sports

Mastering the basics is essential for skill development and confidence in sports
participation. Basic skills vary by sport but often include foundational techniques such as
dribbling and shooting in basketball, passing and tackling in rugby, and serving and volleying
in tennis. Proper form in these activities not only improves performance but also reduces injury
risk. For instance, knowing the correct dribbling form in soccer can enhance control and
reduce strain on the legs. Basic skills training is essential for both new and experienced
athletes to promote technical proficiency and enjoyment of the game.

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 It is clear that sports are much more than physical activities—they are avenues for
growth, resilience, and connection. From individual challenges to team dynamics, each type
of sport offers unique lessons in discipline, focus, and collaboration. Through sports, we gain
essential life skills like communication, teamwork, and respect, all of which extend beyond the
playing field.

Engaging in sports contributes to our physical health, boosts mental well-being, and
enriches our social lives. The principles of sportsmanship and fair play remind us that integrity,
respect, and inclusivity are as crucial in life as they are in any game. Embracing diversity and
supporting each other not only strengthens teams but also builds a more connected,
empathetic society.

Moving forward, remember that each practice session, game, or sport-related

experience is an opportunity to become a better version of yourself. Use these lessons to
inspire your journey toward a healthy, balanced, and fulfilling life—on and off the field.

What is It
True or False. Write “TRUE” if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write “FALSE.” Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Sports are only about physical fitness and have no impact on mental or social
development.
2. Individual sports focus on self-reliance and personal achievement rather than team
collaboration.
3. Dual sports are always played with more than two participants on each side.
4. Team sports encourage teamwork, communication, and a sense of community among
players.
5. Sportsmanship means showing respect and ethical behavior towards others in sports,
even in competitive settings.
6. Fair play in sports is about following both written and unwritten rules to promote
honesty and fairness.
7. Inclusivity in sports means allowing only those with advanced skills to participate.
8. Physical activity in sports can help reduce stress and improve mental well-being by
releasing endorphins.
9. Basic skills training in sports is unnecessary for new athletes to enjoy the game.
10. Embracing diversity in sports helps build a stronger and more supportive team
environment.

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 What’s More

Managing Stress Through Sports

Incorporating sports into physical activity routines offers unique advantages for stress
management, as sports provide structured, enjoyable, and often social ways to engage in
physical activity. Through regular participation in sports, individuals benefit from the mental
health advantages of physical exercise—such as endorphin release, mood improvement, and
the calming effects of focused movement, often referred to as "meditation in motion." This
focused state can temporarily distract participants from stressors and improve mental clarity,
allowing them to reapproach challenges with a more relaxed mindset.
Sports also enhance the stress-relief benefits by promoting camaraderie, teamwork,
and social connections, which are essential for managing stress effectively. For instance, team
sports like basketball, soccer, and volleyball foster support networks and improve
communication skills, which can reduce feelings of isolation and promote resilience against
stress. Individual sports, such as running or swimming, offer opportunities for setting personal
goals and monitoring progress—critical aspects highlighted in physical activity assessments.
By regularly evaluating their progress, athletes can maintain motivation and gain a sense of
accomplishment, contributing to sustained stress relief over time.
In essence, combining sports with regular physical assessments can help individuals
personalize their routines, align their physical activities with personal goals, and optimize
stress management strategies, ensuring both physical and mental well-being.

Activity. Understand how physical activity assessments can play a role in recognizing and
managing stress by accomplishing the tasks below.
1. Self-Assessment:
o Take a moment to consider your current levels of physical activity. Use the
questions below to conduct a quick self-assessment and answer each one
briefly:
§ How often do you engage in physical activities each week?
§ What types of physical activities do you do most often (e.g., walking,
sports, stretching, gym workouts)?
§ How do you feel before and after you engage in physical activity?
§ Have you noticed any connections between your physical activity and
your stress levels?
2. Tracking and Reflection:
o For the next three days, keep a simple log of your physical activity and mood.
Include the following:
§ Type of physical activity and duration
§ Your mood before and after the activity (e.g., calm, stressed,
energized)
§ Any changes in stress levels or feelings of relaxation after the activity

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 3. Reflection Questions:
o At the end of the three days, answer the following questions in a short
paragraph:
§ Did you notice any patterns between physical activity and stress
reduction?
§ Which types of physical activities seemed to help reduce your stress
the most?
§ How could regularly assessing your physical activity help you better
manage stress?

What I have Learned

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How does participating in sports contribute to your personal growth outside of physical
fitness?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. In what ways have you seen or experienced sportsmanship and fair play, and how did
it impact the game and players involved?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. What qualities or skills do you believe are strengthened through team sports, and how
could these be applied to other areas of your life?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. How might embracing inclusivity and diversity in sports change the dynamics of a team
or group activity?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

5. How do individual sports teach you about personal goals and self-motivation, and how
can these lessons help you in school or other personal pursuits?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 What I can do

Accomplish the following activities to explore the basic skills and safety practices needed to
participate safely and effectively in popular sports.

1. Divide yourselves into small groups, and each group will be assigned a common sport
(like basketball, soccer, badminton, volleyball, or track and field).
2. Within your group, discuss and identify two basic skills and two key safety practices
essential to your assigned sport.
§ For example:
Basketball: Skills - Dribbling and shooting; Safety practices - Wearing proper
shoes and warming up.
Soccer: Skills - Passing and ball control; Safety practices - Using shin guards
and staying hydrated.
Be prepared to explain why each skill and safety practice is important.
3. Each group will take turns showing the class one basic skill and explaining one safety
practice. Demonstrate the skill as a group and clearly explain the correct form and
purpose.
4. After all groups have presented, discuss why skills and safety practices are important
for participating in sports. Think about which skills or practices surprised you or
seemed most important.

Rubrics for Grading:

Criteria 4 - Excellent 3 - Good 2 - Satisfactory 1 - Needs

Improvement
Identification of Identifies two skills Identifies two skills Identifies one Identifies irrelevant or
Skills relevant to the assigned relevant to the relevant skill and no skills with minimal
sport and explains their assigned sport with a partially explains its or no explanation.
importance in detail. brief explanation. importance.
Identification of Clearly identifies two Identifies two safety Identifies one Identifies irrelevant or
Safety Practices essential safety practices practices with some relevant safety no safety practices
and explains why they are explanation of their practice with limited with minimal or no
important for the sport. importance. explanation. explanation.
Demonstration Demonstrates skills with Demonstrates skills Demonstrates skills Demonstration is
of Skills excellent form, clarity, and with mostly correct with some errors and unclear, with frequent
encourages class form and engages minimal class errors and no class
participation. some class engagement. engagement.
participation.
Explanation of Clearly explains each Provides a reasonable Provides minimal Provides no
Safety Practices safety practice and its explanation of each explanation of one or explanation or unclear
importance to the sport’s safety practice. both safety practices. explanation of safety
safety. practices.
Team Works cohesively as a Works well as a team Team collaboration is Minimal or no team
Collaboration team, with each member with most members limited, with uneven collaboration; one or
actively participating and contributing equally. participation. two members
supporting each other’s dominate the activity.
contributions.
Class Actively engages Engages classmates Limited engagement No effort to engage
Engagement classmates, encouraging and responds to with classmates and classmates or respond
questions and questions with basic minimal response to to questions.
participation. answers. questions.

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 Additional Activities
I. Revisit the lesson. Identify one sports principle or concept discussed in the lesson.
Afterwards, illustrate these through the following.
1. Draw or illustrate through visual arts on a bond paper.
2. Recreate the scenarios then photograph yourself.

II. Explore how sports contribute to personal growth, teamwork, and building a sense of
community. Write a 1-2 paragraph response for each of the following questions.

1. Personal Growth: Think of a time when you participated in a sport or physical activity.
How did it help you develop as a person? Consider things like discipline, patience, or
setting personal goals.

2. Teamwork: Describe an experience where you played a team sport or worked with
others in a physical activity. What did you learn about collaboration and supporting
others? How did it feel to work toward a common goal?

3. Community: How can participating in sports bring people together and create a sense
of belonging? Share an example, either from your experience or an observation, where
sports helped to build connections or foster inclusivity.

4. Summarize Your Thoughts: In one final paragraph, summarize why you think sports
can be valuable in life beyond just physical health. Mention at least one specific way
sports contribute to making a positive impact on individuals and communities.

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References
Fort Worth Country Day. (2018). The importance of sportsmanship and what it should look
like. Retrieved from https://www.fwcd.org
Health.gov. (2024). Benefits of youth sports. Retrieved from https://health.gov
HealthiApp. (2024). The role of physical activity in stress management: Strategies for a
balanced lifestyle. Retrieved from https://healthiapp.com
International Fair Play Committee. (2024). What is fair play?. Retrieved from
https://www.fairplayinternational.org
Journal of Sports. (2024). Recreation, physical activity, play, game, and sports: Discussion in
terms of classification and history. Retrieved from https://www.journalofsports.com
Mayo Clinic. (2024). Exercise and stress: Get moving to manage stress. Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org
Podar Education. (2024). The importance of sportsmanship, teamwork, and fair play in
sports. Retrieved from https://www.podareducation.org
Rules of Sport. (2024). Basic rules and regulations for various sports. Retrieved from
https://www.rulesofsport.com
Safe Athlete. (2024). Introduction to sports safety and injury prevention for young athletes.
Retrieved from https://safeathlete.org
Sportanddev. (2023). Embracing fair play as a fundamental value in sports. Retrieved from
https://www.sportanddev.org
Study Rocket. (2024). Knowing the guidelines and regulations for safe sports practices.
Retrieved from https://www.studyrocket.co.uk
Studylib. (2024). PE11-Q3-M1-The role of physical activity assessment in managing one’s
stress. Retrieved from https://www.studylib.net
Systematic Reviews Journal. (2024). The impact of sports participation on mental health and
social outcomes in adults: A systematic review and the Mental Health through Sport
conceptual model. Retrieved from
https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com
Teach Educator. (2024). What are the 5 categories of sports? With examples. Retrieved
from https://www.teacheducator.com
Vaia. (2024). Sportsmanship: Importance & ethics. Retrieved from https://www.vaia.com
VitaRx. (2024). The role of physical activity in managing stress: How does exercise affect
mental health and wellness?. Retrieved from https://www.vitarx.co
WebMD. (2024). How sports can help reduce stress and ease depression. Retrieved from
https://www.webmd.com

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For inquiries or feedback, please send us a message thru:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Cavite

Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)

Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City Cavite

Email Address: depedcavite.lrmd@deped.gov.ph

depedcavite.cid@deped.gov.ph