As a tourism student in the Philippines, it's essential to understand the regulatory framework

governing aviation in the country. Here's a detailed overview addressing your questions:
1. Which bodies regulate aviation in your country, under what basic laws?
In the Philippines, aviation is primarily regulated by two agencies:
o Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (Republic CAAP): Established
under Act No. 9497, CAAP is responsible for implementing policies on civil
aviation to ensure safe, economical, and efficient air travel. It serves as the
regulatory body overseeing various aspects of civil aviation, including aircraft
registration, airworthiness certification, and personnel licensing.
citeturn0search4
o Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB): Operating under the Department of
Transportation, CAB regulates the economic aspects of air transportation,
including route authorizations, airline tariffs, and the issuance of permits to
foreign carriers. citeturn0search6
2. How is air transport regulated in terms of safety?
Safety regulations for both commercial and non-commercial air transport are outlined in
the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations (PCAR). These regulations encompass various
aspects, including:
o Personnel Licensing: Standards and requirements for the certification of aviation
personnel.
o Aircraft Operations: Operational procedures to ensure safety during flight
operations.
o Airworthiness: Criteria to ensure that aircraft are maintained in a condition for
safe operation.
o Air Operator Certification: Processes for certifying air operators to ensure
compliance with safety standards.
CAAP is tasked with enforcing these regulations to uphold aviation safety standards in
the country. citeturn0search0
3. What procedures are there to obtain licenses or other rights to operate particular
routes?
Airlines seeking to operate specific routes must obtain the necessary permits and licenses
from the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). The process typically involves:
o Application Submission: Airlines submit an application detailing the proposed
routes, flight schedules, and other pertinent information.
o Evaluation: CAB evaluates the application based on factors such as the airline's
financial capability, safety records, and the need for the proposed service.
o Public Hearing: In some cases, a public hearing may be conducted to assess any
objections or support for the proposed route.
o Approval and Issuance: Upon approval, CAB issues the appropriate permit or
license authorizing the airline to operate the specified route.
This process ensures that air services are provided responsibly and meet the country's
aviation standards. citeturn0search6
4. What requirements must a foreign air carrier satisfy in order to operate to or from
your country?
 Foreign air carriers intending to operate in the Philippines must comply with several
requirements, including:
o Air Operator Certificate (AOC): Possession of a valid AOC issued by their
respective civil aviation authority.
o Security Program Approval: An approved Aircraft Operator Security Program
from their civil aviation authority.
o Compliance with PCAR: Adherence to applicable flight and equipment
requirements under the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations.
o International Standards: Meeting standards outlined in the relevant Annexes to
the Chicago Convention.
o CAB Approval: Securing authorization from the Civil Aeronautics Board to
operate within the Philippines.
These measures ensure that foreign carriers maintain safety and operational standards
consistent with Philippine regulations. citeturn0search3
5. Do specific rules regulate the maintenance of aircraft?
Yes, the maintenance of aircraft in the Philippines is regulated under Part 6 of the
Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations (PCAR), which pertains to Approved Maintenance
Organizations. This section outlines the requirements for the certification, operation, and
maintenance standards that organizations must adhere to, ensuring that all aircraft
maintenance activities meet stringent safety and quality standards.
citeturn0search0
6. Who owns the airport?
In the Philippines, airports are generally owned and operated by the government through
the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). CAAP is responsible for the
management, operation, and maintenance of airports, ensuring that they meet
international standards for safety and efficiency. citeturn0search8
7. Who provides air traffic control services, and how are they regulated?
Air traffic control services in the Philippines are provided by the Air Navigation Service
(ANS), a division under the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). The
ANS is responsible for managing the safe and orderly flow of air traffic within the
country's airspace. Regulations governing air traffic services are detailed in the Philippine
Civil Aviation Regulations, particularly in Part 11, which covers Air Traffic Services.
citeturn0search1
8. Are there any special rules in respect of death or injury to passengers or lost or
damage to baggage or cargo in respect of domestic courier?
Yes, the Philippines adheres to the Montreal Convention, which establishes airline
liability in cases of passenger injury or death, as well as for lost or damaged baggage and
cargo. Under this convention, carriers are liable for damages sustained in case of death or
bodily injury of passengers, provided that the accident causing the damage took place on
board the aircraft or during embarkation or disembarkation. For baggage and cargo, the
carrier is liable for damage in case of destruction, loss, or damage during air
transportation. However, there are liability limits, and carriers may not be liable if they
prove that they took all necessary measures to avoid the damage or that it was caused by
the negligence of the claimant.
9. What legal requirements are there with regard to aviation security?
Aviation security in the Philippines is primarily governed by the National Civil Aviation
Security Program (NCASP), which aligns with the standards set by the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO). The