1.

What is Chicago convention, how many articles in Chicago convention and relating to
what?

Ans: In November 1944, delegates from 52 countries met in Chicago. The major
purpose of this conference was to ensure that the advances in aviation made
during the Second World War could be retained, and to create machinery
which the Nations of the world could use to reach agreement on the many
aspects of standardization and co-ordination necessary to achieve safe and
efficient International flight and thus create a scope to promote and regulate the
civil aviation on a worldwide basis.
The final act of the Chicago conference was signed by the delegates on the 7th
December, 1944. The conference appended Convention on International Civil Aviation,
designed to supersede the Paris and Havana Conventions. This convention became
known as the Chicago Convention.
The Convention has a total of 96 articles relating to Air Navigation, ICAO Organization
and International Air Transportation.

2. What are the statutory instrument for civil aviation in UK, USA and Bangladesh and
documents circulate airworthiness requirements in UK, USA and Bangladesh? [***]

Ans: To ratify the said STANDARD, each contracting state adopted/translated it and
passed in the National Legislative Body / Parliament. Hence, it became the part of the
“Law of the Land” and got the status of Statutory Instrument i.e. the code is
Legislative in the field of civil air navigation in each state. Thus Civil Air Legislation
as well as a regulatory framework came into existence.
REGULATIONS or RULES are the Statutory Instruments i.e. written laws passed in
the legislative body/parliament of a country for regulating civil aviation.
Statutory Instruments for civil aviation are Civil Aviation Act 1982 and Air
Navigation Order 1989 in UK, FAR in USA, CAR'84 in Bangladesh. Each country
has its own 'statutes passed in its legislative body ratifying the CONVENTION.
Requirements are circulated through the BCAR and Airworthiness Notices by
British Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) in UK. In USA, Regulations (Statutory) are
the airworthiness requirements contained in FAR. In Bangladesh the Requirements
are circulated through the Chairman of CAAB by ANO.

Country Statutory Instrument Document Circulate

UK CAA and ANO BCAR and airworthiness
Notices
US FAR FAA
Bangladesh CAR‟84 and ANO CAAB
3. What is AD and explain different types of SB?

Ans: Airworthiness Directives (AD's): These are the Airworthiness Directives (AD's)
sent out by the Regulatory Authority to the registered owner of an aircraft informing him
of a particular condition which must be corrected for the a/c to maintain its airworthiness
status.

Service Bulletin (SB): Information circulated by the manufacturer to the owners and
operators concerning maintenance modifications, inspections, overhauls and repairs in
addition to information already given in associated manuals and other media of
information. There are many categories of Service Bulletins.

(a) Normal/Optional Service Bulletins.

(b) Mandatory Service Bulletins

(c) Alert Service Bulletins, etc.

• Normal/Optional Service Bulletins are issued by the Manufacturer/Vendor to inspect

and/or modify the aircraft or aircraft parts to improve the reliability, maintainability etc.
of the systems.

• When any safety is affected or eminent or Airworthiness is compromised, a new

Bulletin is issued or existing Bulletin may be made mandatory, for compliance within a
given period of time, by an Airworthiness Directives. This type of Service Bulletin is
called Mandatory Service Bulletin.

• Alert service Bulletins are issued on matters that require "URGENT" attention and
affect safety, the Bulletins number being provided by an 'A' letter. In case of
"EXTREME URGENCY AFFECTING AIRWORTHINESS" they may be
transmitted by telegraph or cable and are numbered and identified as "ALERT
BULLETINS" later being confirmed by a formal Alert Bulletin.

4. Define control system, duplicate inspection and name five duplicate inspections.

Ans: Control System: A control system is defined as a system by which the Flight path,
attitude or propulsive force of an aircraft is changed.

Duplicate Inspection: A duplicate inspection is defined as an inspection first made and

certified by one qualified person and subsequently made and certified by a second
qualified person.

Duplicate Inspection Items: Following any Modification, Major Repair, Installation, or

Adjustment / Test of the under mentioned systems or components installed on aircraft:
i. Flight Controls:

(a) Primary Flight Control Surfaces (Aileron, Elevator, Rudder),

(b) Tabs (Control, Balance, trim),

(c) Stabilizer (Horizontal, Vertical),

(d) Trim Actuators (Jack Screws),

(e) Control Dampers,

(f) Primary Flight Control Power Control Units,

(g) Trailing edge flaps,

(h) Leading edge flaps, slats & slots,

(i) Spoilers.

ii. Fuel system:

(a) Fuel cells.

(b) Integral Fuel Tanks (Interior repairs only).

iii. Landing Gear:

(a) Main Landing Gear bogie or truck assembly,

(b) Main Landing Gear Strut & Trunnion assembly,

(c) Nose Gear Assembly,

(d) Landing Gear Actuating Cylinders,

(e) Selectors valves,

(f) Up and Down Locks,

(g) Emergency extension Gear Box Assy.

5. Explain different types of ferry flight.

Ans: Ferry Flight (FF): Ferry flights may be classified into four categories:-

I Delivery Ferry Flight

II Operational Ferry Flight

III Scheduled Maintenance Ferry Flight

IV Non Scheduled Maintenance/Rectification Ferry Flight

Delivery Ferry Flight: A flight required by Biman whenever an aircraft is procured

either from an airline or from the manufacturer of the aircraft in which case the aircraft in
fully Airworthiness condition is to be flown from the station of the airline or
manufacturer of the aircraft ( place of delivery ) to DHAKA. In such a positioning ferry
flight Bangladesh Biman Corporation may carry passengers/ cargo provided all other
required formalities for such a flight are completed prior to the operation of the flight.

Operational Ferry Flight:

It is a flight of a serviceable aircraft to be flown to an out-station to replace a previously

assigned aircraft and becomes unserviceable.

Schedule Maintenance Ferry Flight

It is a flight which Bangladesh Biman Corporation requires to operate from Dhaka/base

or from other line station to a maintenance station of any other country and back as per
aircraft maintenance contract with any such contractors of the country for maintenance
purpose. Such flights are normally schedule flights, as per program of the aircraft
maintenance schedule and therefore, are termed as maintenance ferry flights.

Non-scheduled Maintenance/Rectification Ferry Flight

Non-scheduled Maintenance Ferry Flight is a flight authorized by CAAB for a particular

aircraft which is away from maintenance base having certain range of unserviceability
which cannot be rectified due to nonavailability of man power, and facility etc. at that
station.The flight shall be operated without revenue passengers or cargo.
6. What are AW, AWL and International AWL?

Ans: Airworthy means a term is used to describe both legal and mechanical status of
an Aircraft with regard to its readiness for flight.

Airworthiness Legislation is the laws/regulations or rules related to design,

production, operation, maintenance of aircraft, its engine and components in order
to achieve safe and orderly flying. Hence, civil aviation legislation refers to all kinds
of legal bindings in the field of civil aircraft design, manufacturing, operation and
maintenance.

The laws or regulations as well as the Airworthiness Authority‟s interpretations of

the laws for the safe flying of the civil aircraft constitute Civil Airworthiness
Legislation and it is circulated by ICAO which is called International Airworthiness
Legislation.

7. What are the ICAN ( the Paris convention) law?

Ans: History of air legislation and formation of regulatory framework: At the end of
the WAR, heads of warring states became conscious about the economic reforms and
the progress, integrity, rights and safety of the civil people. To support the progress
and peaceful use of aircraft, they felt that the growing manufacture and use of
aircraft in civil life must be brought under some legal binding by making AIR LAW.

On 13 October 1919, an “International Convention for the Regulation of Air

Navigation” (ICAN or The Paris Convention) was held in Paris to provide for certain
minimum standards of safety.

The British Government ratified this Paris Convention in 1920 by an Act of

Parliament called the Air Navigation Act. Likewise Havana Convention was held in
1928 that, along with the Paris Convention, contributed much in framing the
development of international air laws.
8. Who control Annex -9 and the committee/commission that controls other Annexes?

Ans: ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices are detailed in the 18 Annexes
to the Chicago Convention that cover all aspects of international civil aviation.
All annexes publication except Annex 9 is the responsibility of the Air Navigation
Commission. Annex 9 publication is the responsibility of the Air Transport
Committee.
Annex -9 is subjected to Facilitation.

9. What type of licence is given in our country?

Ans: To ensure continuous airworthiness and safety of civil aviation flight the aircraft
maintenance engineers are to be employed according to set regulation and to be provide
with required training followed by maintenance experiences to get license from the
appropriate regulatory authority. The requirement of maintenance of aircraft and AME
licensing procedures are given in the civil aviation rule 1984, and in the ANO.

1. GENERAL (AME Licence).

2. GROUP 1 TYPE RATINGS
3. GROUP 2 TYPE RATINGS
4. AIRFRAME TYPE RATINGS
5. ENGINE TYPE RATINGS
6. ELECTRICAL TYPE RATINGS
7. INSTRUMENT TYPE RATINGS
8. RADIO TYPE RATINGS

10. What is the rule 39 and what is it describes?

Ans: Rule 39 - Aircraft Maintenance Engineer's License:

(1) The Chairman may grant to qualified person an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer's
License in one of the following categories and may, from time to time, renew such a
license:

(a) Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Category A (Air frame);

(b) Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Category B (Air frame);

(c) Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Category C (Engines);

(d) Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Category D- (Engines);

 (e) Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Category R (Radio);

(f) Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Category I (Instrument); and

(g) Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Category E (Electrical).

(2) The Chairman may, when granting or renewing an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer's
Licensee, endorse on the license a rating or ratings specifying the types of airframes,
engines or other components in which the licensee has acquired experience and may also
endorse on the license such conditions as he considers necessary.

(3) The Chairman may specify in an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer's License the period
during which the license shall remain in force.

11. What are the Manuals under ATA 100 Specifications?

Ans: ATA SPECIFICATIONS ARE DOCUMENTS COMPILED BY AIR

TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA FOR AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURERS.
THEY PROVIDE SPECIFIC GUIDE LINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF
TECHNICAL MANUALS AND THUS ASSURE STANDARDDIZATION FROM
MANUFACTURER TO MANUFACTURER.

THE SPECIFICATIONS ESTABLISH STANDARD ARRANGEMENT OF SUBJECT

MATTER AND METHOD OF PRESENTATION. THEY ALSO DESIGNATE A
UNIFORM PAGE

ATA specification 100 calls for the following manuals:

Maintenance Manual, MM
Wiring Diagram Manual, WDM
Illustrated Parts Catalogue, IPC
Overhaul Manual
Structural Repair Manual
Tool and Equipment Lists
Weight and Balance Manual
Additional Manuals which may be published:
Crew Manual
The ATA 100 specification „breaks‟ an aircraft down into its major systems, such as air
conditioning, electrical power and landing gear etc. and then allocates these systems
chapter numbers.
12. Definition: MEL, Component holds Procedure, IQA, Aircraft maintenance programme,
Aircraft maintenance schedule.

Ans: Minimum Equipment List (MEL): The MEL is an approved document created
specially to regulate dispatch of an aircraft with inoperative equipment; its publication is
permitted by the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh. The MEL is a document that
assists us in minimizing delays to aircraft schedules by authorizing us to identify
inoperative equipment with which a flight may continue to a station where time, spares
and facilities are available to effect rectification. The purpose of the Minimum
Equipment List (MEL) is to allow under certain constraints, some deviations from the
normal type certificate configurations and equipment required by operating rules.
COMPONENT HOLD PROCEDURE: i. Considering safety and economy of the
airlines, the "Hold" procedure is introduced for Biman. The term "hold" means
components removed as suspected defective but may not necessarily be unserviceable,
may possibly be reused on passing through any other shop check. This will avoid
unnecessary expenditure and save time.
ii. A "HOLD" procedure is an universally accepted method of determining the status of a
suspected component that has been removed from an aircraft to facilitate trouble shooting
thereby negating the need in proven cases, for unnecessary workshop visits.

Aircraft maintenance programme: Biman engineering department also publishes

consolidated policies and guidelines for maintenance as Maintenance Control Manual -
MMC in light of regulatory requirements of both national and international agencies. It
has to give very importance to the flight schedule by wisely planning the maintenance
programme.

Aircraft maintenance schedule: In respect of Biman, "Maintenance Schedule" is a part

of approved Maintenance Program. The publication lists items to be inspected, calibrated,
tested, overhauled, replaced, serviced or otherwise maintained at specified intervals for
each aircraft, and details the periods at which maintenance certifications shall be issued.

I&QA - Inspection & Quality Assurance

13. Cannibalization of aircraft parts.

Ans: Cannibalization of Aircraft Parts and Power Plant Components:

"Cannibalization" is defined as the removal of a needed serviceable part or a component
from an aircraft or a built-up power plant to service another aircraft or a power plant but
this must always be considered as a last resort in order to avoid any delay to scheduled
service.
It is important to note that:

i. "Cannibalization" shall be permitted only after the earlier attempts for obtaining the
part or component through normal requisition procedures have not been succeeded.

ii. Removal by this method is subject to the restriction and regulations established by the
appropriate Aircraft Maintenance Manual procedure governing removal and installation
of parts or components.

Authorization for Cannibalization:

At base: When a supervisor/Mechanic has determined that the need for a part or a
component is more urgent than the normal part requisition procedure will permit, he will
have the requisition form stamped NIL IN STOCK by the stock room store keeper and
deliver to the Shift In-charge or Duty Engineer requesting permission to cannibalize the
needed part, who shall initial the requisition form authorizing the cannibalization.

At line-station: Any cannibalization must be approved by the Station Engineer or

licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineer at that station after he has ascertained that no
other means of obtaining the part or component are available and that lack of the item
will result in a scheduled Flight delay or cancellation.

Procedure for Cannibalization:

i. An entry will be made on the work sheets of the aircraft or Power plant being serviced
to indicate that the part or component has been cannibalized ex-serviceable aircraft or
engine with a known history of serviceability of the item.

ii. A related entry will be made in the work sheets of the Aircraft or Power plant from
which the part or component is "cannibalized".

iii. "Cannibalization" Label shall be filled in and attached in-situ where "cannibalization"
has taken place by the person performing the work.

iv. Complete information, including Serial Number of the unit concerned should be
entered in the Voyage Reports of both aircraft concerned.

v. In case, where it becomes necessary to remove consumable items from the accessories
lying in the stores, a note is to be given on this form indicating the Part Number and
Serial Number of the 'cannibalized' accessory and the stock room number in which it is
stocked.
14. Definition: CAR‟84, FAA, ANO, ICAO, BCAR, FAR.

Ans: CAR‟84: The Civil Aviation Rules, 1984 was made and promulgated by the
Government in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 4, 5, 7 and 8 of the Civil
Aviation Ordinance, 1960 (XXXII of 1960), section 10 of the Aircraft (Removal of
Danger to Safety) Ordinance, 1965 (XII of 1965), section 4 of the Telegraph Act,
1885 (XIII of 1885), and in suppression of the Aircraft Rules, 1937 and the Airport
Obstruction Clearance Rules, 1981.

This set of rules elaborately dealt with personnel (pilot, flight engineer, air traffic
controller, aircraft maintenance engineer etc.) licensing, airworthiness requirements,
operation of aircraft, rules of the air, air transport services etc. Much of today‟s
operational responsibilities and functions of CAAB are defined and formulated in
this Rules.

FAA: The Federal Aviation Administration, A regulatory Authority in the USA is

empowered to administer aviation rules in the field of the civil aviation. Thus
regulatory authorities came into the frame work of aviation legislation for direct
control and administration of the law and requirement in USA.

ANO: The “Air Navigation orders” (A.N.O.) means the orders published or issued by the
chairman, CAAB under rule 4 of the Civil Aviation‟s Rules, 1984. The purpose of issuance
of these orders is to make aware of the Airworthiness requirements as provided in part VIII
and other relevant rules of the Civil Aviation Rules 1984. Compliance with A.N.O. is
mandatory.

ICAO: The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the
United Nations, was created with the signing in Chicago, on 7 December 1944, of the
Convention on International Civil Aviation. ICAO is the permanent body charged with the
administration of the principles laid out in the Convention.

BCAR: British Civil Airworthiness Requirements (B.C.A.R),They interpret the legislation

prescribed in part III of the Air Navigation Orders of CAA, UK but comprise only
minimum requirement and constitute the basis for the issuance of approvals and
certificates, which must be met before recommendations can be made to the secretary of
state by the C.A.A. These are issued by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), UK.

FAR: Federal Aviation Regulation (USA) is the rules circulated by FAA to maintain
regulatory authorities in USA.
15. What are the minimum equipment that an aircraft can fly when they are disabled?
16. What is CAR‟84 and its previous regulation history?

Ans: All civil aviation activities in the undivided India was regulated by the Aircraft
Rules, 1920. Subsequently, the Aircraft Rules, 1920 was superseded on 23rd March,
1937 by the Aircraft Rules, 1937. On 19th July, 1960 the then President of Pakistan
issued the Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1960 abrogating the Aircraft Act, 1934. This
Ordinance along with the Aircraft Rules, 1937 had been the legal regulatory framework
for all civil aviation activities in Bangladesh until 23rd August, 1984 when the Civil
Aviation Rules, 1984 was promulgated by the Government of the People‟s Republic of
Bangladesh. Therefore, the present legal regulatory frame work for civil aviation
activities in Bangladesh is the Civil Aviation Rules, 1984, and the Air Navigation Orders
issued by the Chairman under this rule.

Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1960: The Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1960 (XXXII of 1960)
was made to make better provisions for the control of manufacture, possessions, use,
operation, sale, import and export of aircraft, the control and regulation of air transport
services, and the control and development of aerodromes in the country. It repealed the
Aircraft Act, 1934 (XXII of 1934).

Aircraft (Removal of Danger to Safety) Ordinance, 1965: The Aircraft (Removal of

Danger to Safety) Ordinance, 1965 (XII of 1965) was promulgated by the Government in
the year 1965. It deals with flight safety.

Civil Aviation Rules, 1984: The Civil Aviation Rules, 1984 was made and promulgated
by the Government in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 4, 5, 7 and 8 of the
Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1960 (XXXII of 1960), section 10 of the Aircraft (Removal of
Danger to Safety) Ordinance, 1965 (XII of 1965), section 4 of the Telegraph Act, 1885
(XIII of 1885), and in suppression of the Aircraft Rules, 1937 and the Airport Obstruction
Clearance Rules, 1981.This set of rules elaborately dealt with personnel (pilot, flight
engineer, air traffic controller, aircraft maintenance engineer etc.) licensing, airworthiness
requirements, operation of aircraft, rules of the air, air transport services etc. Much of
today‟s operational responsibilities and functions of CAAB are defined and formulated in
this Rules.

Civil Aviation Rules, 1985: The Civil Aviation Rules, 1985 in pursuance of the
Proclamation of the 24th March, 1982, and in exercise of all powers enabling him
in that behalf, the President is pleased to make and promulgate the Ordinance

Language Proficiency: English for Aviation Language-Training, Assessment, Test and

Certification.
17. Deleted.
18. Definition: License, Rating, NOTAM, Serious injury, False Statement.

Ans: "License" includes any certificate of competency required to be held in connection

with the license by the law of the country in which the license is granted

"Rating" means an authorization entered on a license and forming part thereof, stating
special conditions, privileges or limitation pertaining to such license;

"NOTAM" means notices containing information concerning the

establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or
hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight
operations;

"Serious injury" means an injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and

which:

i. Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days
from the date the injury was received; or

ii. Results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingures, toes or
nose); or
iii. Involves lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon
damage, or

iv. Involves injury to any internal organ; or

v. Involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than five per
cent of the body surface; or

Involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation;

False statement: A person shall not make, either orally or in writing, a statement that is
false or misleading in a material particular or in connection with--

(a) An application for the grant, issue, renewal or endorsement of a license, rating,
certificate, permit, permission, authority or approval under these rules; or

(b) A return report, notice, form or other document furnished in accordance with these
rules.
19. Requirement of LWTR.

Ans: (Rule 39): Requirement for the issue of the License: An applicant for the Aircraft
Maintenance Engineer License shall meet the following requirements:

(a) Age: the applicant shall be not less than 18 years of age on the date of application;

(b) Academic qualification and knowledge: The applicant shall have passed at least
Higher Secondary (Science) Examination or its equivalent or has obtained a Diploma in
relevant branch of Aircraft Maintenance Technology or Mechanical, Electrical, Power or
Electronics Engineering and shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge relevant to the
privileges to be granted and appropriate to the responsibilities of an aircraft maintenance
engineer license holder, in at least the following subjects:

Air law and airworthiness requirements

(i) Rules and regulations relevant to an aircraft maintenance engineer licence holder
including applicable airwo5rthiness requirements governing certification and continuing
airworthiness of aircraft and approval aircraft maintenance organization and procedures,

Natural science and aircraft general knowledge

(ii) Basic mathematics: nits of measurements, fundamental principles and theory of

physics and chemistry applicable to aircraft maintenance,

Aircraft engineering

(iii) Characteristics and applications of the materials of aircraft construction including

principles of construction and functioning of aircraft structures fastening techniques,
power plants and their associated systems, mechanical fluid, electrical and electronic
power sources, aircraft instrument and display system, aircraft control systems, and
airborne navigations and communications systems,

Aircraft maintenance

(iv) Tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft including

methods and procedures for the overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modification or
defect rectification of aircraft structures, components and system
in accordance with the methods prescribed in the relevant Maintenance Manuals and the
applicable Standards of airworthiness, and

Human performance

(v) Human performance relevant to aircraft maintenance;

(c) Experience: the applicant shall have had the following experience in the inspection,
servicing and maintenance of aircraft or its components:
 (i) for the issue of a license with privileges for the aircraft in its entirety, at least:

(A) four years; or

(B) two years if the applicant has satisfactorily completed an approved training course;

(d) Training: The applicant should have completed a course of training appropriate to the
privileges to be granted.

(e) Skill: The applicant shall have demonstrated the ability to perform those functions
applicable to the privileges to be granted;

(f) Medical Fitness: For the initial license only the applicant shall have established
medical fitness on the basis of compliance with the requirements as laid down in Rule
51(2).

20. What are the rule 39, 51(2) and 14?

Ans:
Rule 39: See Question 19.
Rule 14: False statement: See question 18.

Rule 51(2): Requirements of Medical Assessment:

(a) An applicant for a license or rating, when applicable, shall undergo a Medical
Assessment with approved medical examiners and satisfy the Medical Standards
specified in these Rules. The applicant for a Medical Assessment shall undergo a Medical
Assessment based on the following requirements:

(i) Physical and mental;

(ii) Visual and color perception ; and
(iii) Hearing.

(b) Physical and mental requirements: An applicant for any class of Medical
Assessment shall be required to be free from-

(i) Any abnormality, congenital or acquired; or

(ii) Any active, latent, acute or chronic disability; or
(iii) Any wound, injury or sequel from operation; or
(iv) Any effect or side-effect of any prescribed or non-prescribed therapeutic, diagnostic
or preventive medication taken; such as would entail a degree of functional incapacity
which is likely to interfere with the safe operation of an aircraft or with the safe
performance of duties; use of herbal medication and alternative treatment modalities
requires particular attention to possible side effects.
(c) Visual acuity test and Colour perception requirements:

(i) The methods in use for the measurement of visual acuity are likely to lead to differing
evaluation. To achieve uniformity, therefore, Contracting States shall ensure that
equivalence in the methods of evaluation be obtained.
(ii) The following should be adopted for tests of visual acuity:
(A) Visual acuity tests should be conducted in an environment with a level of
illumination that corresponds to ordinary office illumination (30-60 cd/m2)
(B) Visual acuity should be measure by means of a series of Landolt rings or
similar opt types, placed at a distance from the applicant appropriate to the
method of testing adopted.
(iii) Methods of examination shall be such as to guarantee reliable testing of color
perception.
(iv) The applicant shall be required to demonstrate the ability to perceive readily those
colors the perception of which is necessary for the safe performance of duties.
(v) The applicant shall be tested for the ability to correctly identify a series of pseudo
isochromatic plates in daylight or in artificial light of the same colour temperature such as
that provided by CIE standard illuminants C or D65 as specified by the International
Commission on Illumination (CIE).
(vi) An applicant obtaining a satisfactory result as prescribed by the Licensing
Authority shall be assessed as fit. An applicant failing to obtain a satisfactory result in
such a test shall be assessed as unfit unless able to readily distinguish the colors used in
air navigation and correctly identify aviation coloured lights. Applicants who fail to meet
these criteria shall be assessed as unfit except for Class 2 assessment with the following
restriction: valid daytime only.
(vii) Sunglasses worn during the exercise of the privileges of the license or rating held
should be non-polarizing and of a neutral grey tint.

(d) Hearing test requirements:

(i) Methods of examination shall be such as to guarantee reliable testing of hearing;
(ii) Applicants shall be required to demonstrate a hearing performance sufficient for the
safe exercise of their license and rating privileges;
(iii) Applicants for Class 1 Medical Assessments shall be tested by pure-tone audiometry
at first issue of the Assessment, not less than once every five years up to the age of 40
years, and thereafter not less than once every two years. Alternatively, other methods
providing equivalent results may be used;
(iv) Applicants for Class 3 Medical Assessments shall be tested by pure-tone audiometry
at first issue of the Assessment, not less than once every five years up to the age of 40
years, and thereafter not less than once every two years. Alternatively, other methods
providing equivalent results may be used;
(v) Applicants for Class 2 Medical Assessment should be tested by pure-tone audiometry
at first issue of the Assessment and, after the age of 50 years, not less than once every
two years;
(vi) At medical examinations, other than those mentioned in sub-rule 2(b) (iii), 2(b)(iv)
and 2(b)(v) where audiometry is not performed, applicants shall be tested in a quiet room
by whispered and spoken voice testes;
 Q21. Repeated: What is the requirements/Academic Qualification for LWTR license?

Ans: see Question 19.

21. What is the classification of operations?

Ans: (Rule 105)

Classification of operations.- For the purposes of these rules, flight operations shall be
divided into the following classes, namely:-

(1) Commercial Air Transport Operation: an aviation operation by an operator in

which an aircraft/ helicopter is used for Scheduled Air Services or Non-scheduled Air
Services involving –

(a) the carriage of passengers or cargo in the aircraft/ helicopter in return for payment or
the promise of payment to the operator of the aircraft/ helicopter in respect of that flight;
and
(b) the carriage of persons other than persons employed by the operator as aircraft/
helicopter crew members, where payment or promise of payment is made to the operator
or the owner of the aircraft/ helicopter in respect of that flight;

(2) Aerial work operation: a specialized aviation operation in which an aircraft is flown
or operated by the operator or owner of that aircraft to provide a service for any of the
following purposes:-

(a) Agriculture operation;

(b) Construction works;
(c) Photography;
(d) Surveying;
(e) Observation and patrol by Government Departments;
(f) Aerial ambulance and rescue;
(g) Flight calibration navigation aids; or
(h) Any other operation of a character substantially similar, as decided by the Chairman.;

(3) General Aviation Operation: any type of aviation operation other than Commercial
Air Transport Operations and Aerial Work Operations, such as:-

(a) Transportation for personal or corporate use where payment or promise of payment to
the operator or owner of the aircraft/ helicopter in respect of that flight is not involved;
(b) Flight instructions or training where payment or promise of payment is made to the
operator or owner of the aircraft/helicopter in respect of that flight;
(c) On-demand carriage of persons and/or goods on payment or promise of payment by a
commercial operator not as a scheduled or non-scheduled air carrier;
(d) Any other operation of a character substantially similar to any of the operations
specified in clauses (a) to (c) or as decided by the Chairman.
22. What deal with rule 3 and 4 of CAR‟84?

Ans: Rule 3: Responsibility of the Chairman.-

(1) The Chairman shall be responsible with the administration of these rules, and shall
exercise such powers and perform such functions conferred on him by these rules.
(2) The Chairman may by order in writing delegate and direct that any power and/or
functions conferred or imposed by these rules on him, as the case may be, be exercised
or performed on behalf of the Chairman by:
(a) Any officer or authority subordinate to him, or
(b) Any other person.
(3) The Chairman shall make arrangements to identify the differences of contents of
these rules from those of ICAO SARP‟s and to notify the differences, if any, to ICAO.
(4) The Chairman shall maintain close liaison with Bangladesh Meteorological
Department and Bangladesh Air Force in the matters of common interest.

Rule 4: Air Navigation Orders: For the purpose of giving effect to these rules and
any requirements which are not inconsistent with these rules, the Chairman may
publish orders to be known as Air Navigation Orders.

23. What are the documents carried by Bangladesh registered aircraft in international
flight?

Ans: (Rule 120): An aircraft registered in Bangladesh shall, when flying, carry:
(a) Its certificate of registration;
(b) Its certificate of airworthiness;
(c) The appropriate licenses for each member of the crew;
(d) Its journey log book;
(e) If it is equipped with radio apparatus, the aircraft radio station license;
(f) If it carries passengers, a list of their names and places of embarkation and destination;
(g) If it carries cargo, a manifest and detailed declarations of the cargo; and
(h) Such other documents as specified by the Chairman.

24. What are the log books maintain by the Bangladesh registered aircraft?

Ans: (Rule 166): The following log books shall be kept in respect of an aircraft
registered in Bangladesh, namely-
(a) A journey log book;
(b) An aircraft log book;
(c) For an aircraft fitted with one engine, an engine log book and, if fitted with more than
one engine, a separate log book for each engine;
(d) For an aircraft fitted with a variable pitch propeller, a variable pitch propeller log
book and, if fitted with more than one such propeller, a separate log book for each
propeller;
(e) An aircraft maintenance log book in respect of each aircraft for which a Certificate of
Registration is in force.
(f) A modification record book for each aircraft, engine, propeller and radio.
25. What are the contents of registration certificates?

Ans: (Rule 171.5): The register of Bangladesh aircraft shall include the following details
in relation to each aircraft:-
(a) The date of registration of the aircraft;
(b) A description of the aircraft;
(c) The number or other identification mark given to the aircraft by the manufacturer;
(d) The nationality and registration marks (referred to in rule 178) with respect to the
aircraft;
(e) The name, nationality and residential or registered address of the owner of the
aircraft;
(f) In the case of a hired aircraft (referred to in clause (b) of sub-rule (2),) the name,
nationality and address of the hirer, the purchaser (if any) under a hire-purchase
agreement or the charter, as the case may be, of the aircraft; and
(g) Any other information necessary to establish the applicant for registration as being a
qualified person under this rule.
(6) When an aircraft is registered in the register of Bangladesh aircraft, the Chairman
shall issue a certificate of registration in the form adopted in pursuance of the Convention
in respect of the aircraft to a qualified person.

26. What are the revocation and suspension of license?

Ans: (Rule 174): Cancellation of registration-

(1) Where a Bangladesh aircraft has been destroyed or permanently withdrawn from use,
the holder of a certificate of registration in respect of the aircraft shall, within fifteen days
from the date of such destruction or withdrawal, forward to the Chairman a statement of
the circumstances of the destruction or withdrawal together with the certificate of
registration.

(2) Where the Chairman is satisfied that a Bangladesh aircraft has been destroyed or
permanently withdrawn from use, he shall cancel the registration of the aircraft from the
register of Bangladesh aircraft.

(3) The holder of a certificate of registration in respect of a Bangladesh aircraft may, at

any time, apply to the Chairman for the cancellation of the registration of the aircraft
from the register of Bangladesh aircraft, and shall forward the certificate of registration
along with his application to the Chairman.

(4) Where the Chairman is satisfied with a request made to him under sub-rule (3), he
may cancel the registration accordingly.

(5) Where the Government is satisfied that the ownership or other aspects or the
registration of a Bangladesh aircraft do not comply with these rules and proper and timely
advice of the matter has not been supplied to the Chairman, the Government may direct
the Chairman to cancel the registration of the aircraft and the Chairman shall so cancel.
27. Appeal, Penalty.

28. What is the purpose of ANO? From where it was come into force?

Ans: Purpose: The purpose of issuance of these orders is to make all concerned aware of
the airworthiness requirements as provided in the Part VIII AIRWORTHINESS
REQUIREMENTS and other relevant Parts and Rules of the Civil Aviation Rules, 1984.

In exercise of the powers conferred under the Rule 4 of the Civil Aviation Rules 1984,
and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Articles 17, 20, 26, 29, 30, 31,
32, 40 and 83 bis of the Chicago Convention 1944 and the requirements of international
Standards and Recommended Practices as provided for in the various ICAO Annexes, the
Chairman, Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh is pleased to issue these Air
Navigation Orders (ANO) relating to Airworthiness Requirements.

The ANO (Airworthiness) was first published on 1 May 1988. New ANOs are issued and
previously issued ANOs are amended in keeping with the change in requirements with
the Standards of the ICAO Annexes and as demanded by change in circumstances.

These orders and subsequent revisions shall come into force from the date of issue shown
thereon unless specifically stated otherwise, and shall supersede all previous orders,
notices or directives issued in this regard.

29. What are the contents of ANO? How many parts are there? What is their name?

Ans:
In ANO, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, the definitions
contained in each order shall apply in respect of that order.
These orders contain minimum requirements, and it is essential that they be interpreted
and applied against a background of aeronautical knowledge.
These orders are arranged under various Parts and in descending orders as Chapters,
Sections, Paragraphs and Sub-paragraphs.

There are 6 parts in ANO:

Part A: Airworthiness certification (11 Chapter)
Part B: Maintenance Directives (22 Chapter)
Part C: Certificate of approval- Organizations and Individuals. (8 Chapter)
Part D: Licensing: AME (7 Chapter)
Part E: Aircraft Equipment (12 Chapter)
Part F: Safety assessment of Foreign Aircraft (1 Chapter)

There also 3 new parts that satisfy EASA and SARI requirements:
Part 66: Aircraft maintenance license
Part 145: Approved maintenance Organization
Part 147: Approved Maintenance training organization.
30. Describe different parts of ANO. What they prescribe?

Ans: see question 29.

31. Deleted.

32. What are the requirements to issue of C of R?

Ans: (ANO A5):

The requirements are:

(a) Proof of foreign registration cancellation.

(b) Bill of sale or conditional sales contract.
(c) Insurance Certificate.
(d) Import permit.
(e) A Bangladesh customs clearance certificate.
(f) Any other documentation as may be required by the Chairman.

Procedure of registration:

 Application for aircraft registration shall be made on a Form not later than 30 days
before the desired date of registration.
 The application shall be submitted to the CAAB along with a receipt for the
appropriate fee, and with a copy of each of the following documents, as applicable.
 The requirements of insurance certificate for aircraft owned and operated by the
Bangladesh Government, shall be as per the current policy of the Ministry of Finance.
 When all requirements have been satisfied, the Chairman may issue a Certificate of
Registration to the owner and, except as provided in the CAR 1984, Rule 120, that
Certificate shall be carded in the aircraft at all times.

33. What are the requirements to issue of C of A?

Ans: (ANO A2):

Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A):This is a certificate issued or renewed for

validation by the country where, the aircraft is registered and includes any Flight Manual
performance schedules or other document whatever its title incorporated by reference in
that certificate relating to the Certificate of Airworthiness. When the National Aviation
Authority (NAA) is satisfied with the condition of the aircraft and that the appropriate
requirements have been complied with, the Certificate of Airworthiness is issued by the
NAA or renewed as required.
 The requirements are:
 For each aircraft that is the first of its type for issue of Certificate of Airworthiness in
Bangladesh, the Technical Data mentioned in the ANO (AW) A.1, shall be submitted
to the Chairman.
 Certificate of Airworthiness shall be issued only in respect of the aircraft having a
Certificate of Registration issued by the Chairman.
 The qualified applicant shall submit an official letter along with appropriate fee for
issue of Certificate of Airworthiness and Noise Certificate with Fees/Charges for
Airworthiness Services, to the Chairman on CAAB‟s following forms with “recent”
data, at least 30 (thirty) days prior to intended issue date of the provisional Certificate
of Airworthiness:
(a) Technical Data for issue of Certificate of Airworthiness.
(b) Application for issue of Certificate of Airworthiness.
(c) Compliance check list- Aircraft documentation.
(d) Copy of letter from the manufacturer of the (i) Aircraft, (ii) Engine and (iii)
Propeller (if applicable) or Paid Order form confirming that the Applicant (Operator)
has subscribed for the required Continuing Airworthiness Data; and
(e) Application for issue of noise certificate.

 Automatic Data Processed (ADP) records or Computerized Print-out shall contain

signature of authorized person(s) of both the immediate last Operator or the
Manufacturer and authorized person (s) of the Applicant seeking C of A.
 Documents for examination: The applicant shall make available Documents, Log
Books, Inspection and Maintenance Records of the Aircraft, for examination by the
AELD.
 Documents for retention by the AELD.
 Supply of Continuing Airworthiness Data: The applicant shall be required to make the
necessary renewal arrangements with Aircraft, Engine and Propeller (if applicable)
manufacturers for continuous and un-interrupted amendments/revision service of the
manuals

34. What are the design standards and their name?

Ans:

 Unless otherwise specified by the Chairman, the primary airworthiness design standards
in respect of aircraft, engines and propellers are:

3.1.1 Normal, Utility, Acrobatic and Commuter FAR part 23 or EASA CS – 23

(Small or Light Aero plane) or CS-VLA as applicable
3.1.2 Transport category aero planes FAR part 25 or EASA CS - 25
(Large Aero plane)
3.1.3 Small rotorcraft FAR part 27 or EASA CS - 27
(Normal or Light category): or CS-VLR as applicable
3.1.4 Large rotorcraft (transport category) FAR part 29 or EASA CS – 29
3.1.5 Engines FAR part 33 or EASA CS- E
 3.1.6 Propellers FAR part 35 or EASA CS - P
3.1.7 Auxiliary power unit EASA CS –APU
3.1.8 Sailplanes or Powered sailplanes FAR part 23 or EASA CS - 22
3.1.9 Manned free balloons FAR part 31
3.1.10 Hot Air Balloons EASA CS -31 HB

 The design standard used as the basis of certification for the importation of a complete
aircraft or for assembly of a complete aircraft or complete engine or propeller shall be
recorded with the respective airworthiness or engineering documents and notified to the
CAAB, and that standard shall thereafter be used as the basis of approval for all
modifications and repairs to that aircraft or engine or propeller.
 Unless otherwise specified, the primary airworthiness design standard for aeronautical
products i.e. aircraft materials, part, processes and appliances are:

(a) Technical standard order (TSO) issued by FAA (FAR part 21) of the USA; or
(b) European Technical Standard Orders (CS- ETSO) issued by EASA; or
(c) Other standard that may be acceptable to the Chairman.

35. Primary design standard.

Ans: see question 34 table.

36. What are the design standard by complete aircraft and aircraft materials by chairmen?

Ans: see question 34.

37. What are the requirements to Renewal of C of A?

Ans: RENEWAL OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS:

 An official letter forwarding application for renewal of C of A should be completed and

appropriate fee for renewal of Certificate of Airworthiness with Fees/Charges for
Airworthiness Services shall be submitted to the AELD on CAAB‟s following forms with
“recent” data at least 30 (thirty) days prior to intended renewal date of the Certificate of
Airworthiness:
(a) Application on the Form CA–26; and
(b) Certificate of Inspection for renewal of C of A on the Form AWS-16.

 The applicant should be required to make the aircraft available, at a time and place
acceptable to the AELD, for Survey Inspection and such checks as required by the
AELD.
 All work for the maintenance of airworthiness of the aircraft should be carried out under
the supervision of appropriately licensed aircraft maintenance personnel or by an
organization approved by, or acceptable to, the AELD and should be carried out in a
proper manner and in conformity with the requirements, specifications, drawings and
instructions relating to the approved design of the subject aircraft.
 Documents for examination: The applicant shall make available Documents, Log Books,
Inspection and Maintenance Records of the Aircraft since issue or last renewal of the C
of A, for examination by the AELD.
 Documents for retention: The following Documents shall be retained by the AELD:
(a) A copy of the aircraft weighing and mass & balance report;
(b) A copy of the Recent Flight Test report;
(c) Certificate on Revision Status of AFM and MEL; and
(d) Any other documents as may be necessary.

38. What is the Survey Inspection of Aircraft? What are the occasions of survey inspections
and what are they?

Ans: SURVEY INSPECTION OF AIRCRAFT:

 Each aircraft for which application is made for Issue and Renewal of a Certificate
of Airworthiness shall be subject to a survey inspection, the extent and conduct of
which will be determined by the Chairman.
 Where an aircraft has been adequately inspected within the preceding 30 (thirty) days,
the required survey inspection may be waived when renewing the Certificate of
Airworthiness.
 In cases where the AELD is not familiar with the aircraft type, the CAAB may delegate
responsibility of the survey inspection to an appropriately approved maintenance
organization where the inspection is to be accomplished in the presence of CAAB‟s
Airworthiness Inspector(s).
 Where a survey inspection is delegated to an approved maintenance organization, a
report of the inspection shall be submitted to the CAAB by that organization.
 All costs of the survey inspection at a location(s) other than at the main base of the
Operator, associated with issuance and renewal of certificate of Airworthiness of
aircraft shall be borne by the applicant as per the rule 213 of the CARs 1984.
 Where an aircraft is to be surveyed by a CAAB airworthiness inspector, the
maintenance engineer or the organization responsible for the aircraft shall ensure that
the aircraft is clean and that all the cowlings and access panels are removed prior to the
time agreed for the inspection.
 A survey inspection may include any or all of the following:
(a) Weighing of the aircraft;
(b) Inspection of the structure for corrosion, cracks and distortion;
(c) Inspection of the fabric and skin for deterioration and distortion;
(d) Duplicate inspection of flight controls;
(e) Inspection of systems for condition and functioning;
(f) Cabin pressurization check;
(g) Instrument serviceability check; (h) Compass swing;
(i) Inspection of the radio station for condition, conformity and functioning;
(j) Inspection of safety equipment for condition;
 (k) Verification that all applicable airworthiness directives, modifications and
engineering records are implemented and meet acceptable standards; and
(l) Intermediate stage inspections during the progress of any work associated with issue,
validation or renewal of a Certificate of Airworthiness.

39. What is the cause of suspension and cancellation of C of A?

Ans: SUSPENSION AND CANCELLATION OF C OF A:

 The Chairman may suspend summarily any Certificate of Airworthiness if he considers

such action necessary to ensure compliance with the Civil Aviation Rule 1984, or in the
interest of safety, or if it is ascertained that the holder of the Certificate has given false
information for the purpose of obtaining the Certificate.
 A Certificate of Airworthiness which has been cancelled or suspended shall be returned
to the Chairman forthwith.
 Where an aircraft suffers damage, does not have a valid Maintenance Release, or
develops a defect which cannot normally be remedied by the flight crew, the Certificate
of Airworthiness shall be deemed to be suspended.
 Where the Certificate of Registration for an aircraft is cancelled, the Certificate of
Airworthiness shall also be cancelled, and the two certificates shall be returned to the
Chairman forthwith.
 An aircraft shall not be flown during any period in which its certificate of airworthiness is
cancelled, suspended or deemed to be suspended except for the purpose of testing the
aircraft to ascertain its eligibility for the reinstatement of its C of A.

40. What are the documents required for registration of aircraft?

Ans: see question 32.

41. What is registration procedure?

Ans: see question 32.

42. Write the 10 checklist of modification items and what is major and minor modification?

Ans: "Modification" of an aeronautical product Means, a subordinate Change to the

original type design which is not a repair. In this ANO modification and alteration are
intended to be synonymous. Modification is further classified into:

(1) Major: A major modification means a type design change not listed ill the aircraft,
engine propeller specifications.
(i) That might appreciably affect the mass and balance limits, Structural strength,
performance, power plant operation. Flight characteristics other qualities affecting
airworthiness or environmental characteristics: or
(ii) That will be embodied in the product according to nonstandard practices.
 (2) Minor: A minor modification means a modification other than a major modification.

Major Modifications:

a. Airframe major modifications:

(1) Wings;
(2) Empennage
(3) Fuselage:
(4) Engine pylons;
(5) Flight control system;
(6) Landing gear;
(7) Hull or floats;
(8) Elements of an airframe including spars, ribs, fittings, shock absorbers,
bracing, cowling, fairing and balance mass;
(9) Rotor blades;
(10) Auxiliary power unit.

b. Propulsion system major modifications.

c. Propeller major modification.
d. Equipment major modification.

43. What is repair?

Ans: "Repair" means a design change intended to restore an aeronautical product to an

airworthy condition after it has been damaged or subjected to wear. Repair is further
classified into:

(1) Major: A major repair means a design change, which is intended to restore an
aeronautical product to an airworthy condition:
(i) where the damage being repaired might appreciably affect the structural strength
performance, power plant operation, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting
airworthiness or environmental characteristics: or
(ii) That will be embodied in the product using nonstandard practices.

(2) Minor: A minor repair means a repair other than a major repair.

44. What are the requirements of issue/validation of noise certificate?

Ans:
An operator/owner is to submit the following documents to CAAB requiring issue of
Noise Certificate by the Chairman:
(a) Original copy of the Noise Certificate issued by the NAA responsible for issue of
type certificate of the aircraft type; or
(b) Subsequent Noise Certificates issued by the NAA responsible for issue of certificate
of Airworthiness and Noise Certificate of the aircraft; or
 (c) Approved and current Flight Manual or other document conforming that the aircraft
complies with the noise standard.

The chairman may validate a noise certificate on the basis of:

(a) Original copy of the Noise Certificate issued by the NAA responsible for issue of
type certificate of the aircraft type; or
(b) Subsequent Noise Certificates issued by the NAA responsible for issue of certificate
of Airworthiness and Noise Certificate of the aircraft;

45. Write the procedure for issue and subsequent revisions.

Ans:
 When an ANO is issued, the first page indicates the Issue number and the date of issue
on the date of issue on the bottom left hand corner and the bottom right hand corner of
each page respectively. The initial issue is numbered as Issue 1 and the subsequent
Revision as Issue 2 and so on.
 Pages which are not affected by the revision will contain initial date of issue only. All
revisions to the ANO will be indicated by a sideline on the left side of the affected pages
indicating the change/ revision to the ANO.
 Major changes to any ANO will result in the ANO being complete re-issued and all the
pages will have same issue number in higher order. The suspended pages or ANO
should be discarded and removed from the ANO folder.
 Every revision will be accompanied by a Transmittal Letter (TL) which would indicate
the pages affected and the reason for the revision.
 The folder of the ANO shall ensure that pages of the ANOs are current as per the List of
Effective Pages (LEP) provided with each copy of the ANO.

46. What is Concession, maintenance, Servicing?

Ans:
“Concession” means limited extension granted by the Chairman in respect of any aircraft
appliances or systems to remain in service or to continue in operation beyond the
approved life as stated in the approved AMP/AMS or approved MEL, keeping the safety
of the aircraft in view, but excluding those aircraft appliances which have retirement or
scrap life.

“Maintenance" means the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing

airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection,
replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair.

"Servicing" means preparing the aircraft for flight and includes cleaning, lubrication,
provision of fuel and replenishment of other fluids, but does not include any work that is
maintenance.
47. What is MCM, MPM?

Ans;
“Maintenance control manual (MCM)” means a document which describes the
operator‟s procedures necessary to ensure that all scheduled and unscheduled
maintenance are performed within the specified time on the operator‟s aircraft in a
controlled and satisfactory manner.

“Maintenance procedures manual (MPM)” means a document endorsed by the head of

the maintenance Organization which details the maintenance Organization‟s structure and
management responsibilities, scope of work, description of facilities, maintenance
procedures and quality assurance or inspection systems.

48. What is Maintenance Schedule/Programme?

Ans: “Maintenance programme” means, a document which describes the specific

scheduled maintenance tasks and their frequency of completion and related procedures,
such as a reliability programme, necessary for the safe operation of those aircraft to
which it applies.

"Maintenance schedule" means, an approved document containing a list of items to be

inspected, calibrated, tested, overhauled, replaced, serviced or otherwise maintained at
specified intervals for each aircraft, and details the periods at which maintenance
certification shall be issued.

49. What is Certificate of compliance? How it is issued?

Ans: "Certificate of Compliance" means a certification made in respect of any

maintenance performed on any aircraft or any aircraft engine, propeller, component or
part, including overhaul, modification, repair and aircraft inspections not requiring a
maintenance release, which attests that the work has been performed in accordance with
all the applicable Airworthiness standards and requirements.

 A Certificate of Compliance shall be issued by an appropriate person on satisfactory

completion of the under mentioned tasks in accordance with applicable approved
maintenance data or manufacturer‟s instructions and the person(s) shall be directly
responsible for proper accomplishment of the task(s) certified:

(a) Inspection, Modification and Repair of aircraft, but excluding issue of Maintenance
Release.
(b) Inspection, Modification, Repair and Overhaul of appliances/components whilst off
the aircraft (in an approved shop) but excluding issue of Authorized Release Certificate.
 No person shall sign a Certificate of Compliance unless the maintenance in respect of
which that certificate is prepared has been performed in accordance with applicable
approved data, manuals, procedures, applicable airworthiness standards and requirements
of the Chairman, CAAB.
 A Certificate of Compliance may only be issued by:

(a) The holder of a type rated Bangladesh Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License.
(b) The holder of a type rated Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License or equivalent,
issued by the airworthiness authority of a contracting state, which has been validated by
the Chairman and subject to any conditions prescribed by him.
(c) A person authorized to certify on behalf of an approved Maintenance Organization
in accordance with the procedures approved by the Chairman.

 Each Certificate of Compliance shall state the location (place) at which the work was
performed.

50. What is Certificate of fitness for flight? How it is issued?

Ans: "Certificate of Fitness for Flight" means a document issued in respect of an

aircraft which does not have a valid Certificate of Airworthiness and which is required to
be flown to qualify for the issue or renewal of a Certificate of Airworthiness.

 Certificate of Fitness for flight of an aircraft is to be issued under the following

circumstances where:
(a) An aircraft is without a valid Certificate of Airworthiness, i.e. C of A the aircraft has
expired; or
(b) A major repair has been accomplished and the person signing a Maintenance Release
or Certificate of Compliance determines that a flight test of the aircraft is necessary to
verify that the maintenance performed on the aircraft is satisfactory, he shall complete the
Certificate of Compliance or Maintenance Release, by adding the condition "subject to a
satisfactory Flight Test" on the aircraft maintenance log and issuing a CFF.

 No person shall sign a Certificate of Fitness for Flight unless all applicable ground tests
and inspections have been satisfactorily completed.

 A Certificate of Fitness for flight may only be issued by:

(a) The holder of an appropriately endorsed and type rated Aircraft Maintenance
Engineer license by the Chairman.
(b) Any other person authorized by the Chairman to do so.

 Each Certificate of Fitness for Flight shall be issued in 2 (two) copies, the original shall
be carried in the aircraft and the second copy shall be retained at the operators‟ facility.
 The period of validity for a Certificate of Fitness for Flight shall not exceed 7 (seven)
days from the date of inspection, and shall be stated on the certificate.

 Any aircraft operating under the provision of a Certificate of Fitness for flight shall not
fly over any densely populated area except as required by crew members or person(s)
carried for the purpose of making observations.

51. What is reportable defect? Explain.

Ans: "Reportable defect" means any defect, faults, malfunctions or other occurrences on
an aircraft whether on the ground or in flight, which may:

(i) Endanger the safety of the aircraft or its occupants;

(ii) Cause the aircraft to become a danger to persons or property; and
(iii) Be classified by the Chairman as a reportable defect.
///////
It is important to recognize that judgment must be exercised by Aircraft Operator(s),
Owner(s) and Maintenance Organization(s) to distinguish those faults, malfunctions,
defects and other occurrences that might adversely affect continuing airworthiness from
those, which would not affect continuing airworthiness. The following is not an
exhaustive list of reportable defects, but is intended to provide guidance to Aircraft
Operator(s), Owner(s) and Maintenance Organization(s) of some examples of reportable
defects:

(a) Fire (actual or false warning) or smoke in aircraft;

(b) Leakage of gases from an engine or auxiliary power plant, exhaust system or duct
which results in damage to the engine, power plant, adjacent structure, components or
equipment;
(c) Smoke, toxic or noxious fumes in crew, passenger or freight compartments;
(d) Any type of engine shut down during flight;
(e) Inability to feather or un-feather a propeller, to shut down an engine, to control thrust
or reverse thrust;
(f) Significant leakage or flow interruption of fuel, engine oil or hydraulic fluid;
(g) Failure or malfunction of a landing gear system or inability to achieve the intended
aircraft configuration for any flight phase;
(h) Any failure of a wheel, tire or brake system, which could result in a compromise of
ground operations;
(i) Defects of aircraft primary or auxiliary flight controls that result in control problems
of an aircraft in flight;
(j) Damage, cracks, multiple loss of or missing fasteners, permanent deformation or
corrosion (which is in excess of the specified limits) to an aircraft structure in flight or on
the ground discovered during detailed check, routine maintenance, or unscheduled
observation/inspection;
(k) Warnings of insecure doors or hatches during flights;
 (l) Occurrences which result in the application of emergency or abnormal procedures by
the flight crew during flight; e.g. pressurization failure, pneumatic or hydraulic failure
etc.
(m) Complete or partial loss of electrical power, or failure of essential components of
electrical systems or ECAM system;
(n) Hazardous information from, or failure of radio communications or navigation
systems;
(o) Failure of any required emergency equipment to operate, or inadvertent operation that
causes a hazardous situation;
(p) Premature or unscheduled removal of engines and propellers;
(q) Premature or unscheduled removal of components or parts having a hard time (HT)
life limit;
(r) Build-up of ice beyond the capability of the ice-protection system on aircraft during
flight;
(s) Each interruption to a flight, unscheduled change of aircraft en-route, or unscheduled
stop or diversion from route, caused by known or suspected mechanical difficulties or
malfunctions; and
(t) Any other occurrence that has endangered or may endanger the safe operation of an
aircraft, or which may cause danger to persons or property.//////

52. What is empty weight?

Ans: "Empty weight" means the weight of the empty aircraft including items of
equipment specified in the flight manual weight and balance report, fixed ballast,
unusable fuel and full operating fluids including oil, hydraulic fluid and other fluids
required for normal operation of aircraft systems, but not including potable water,
lavatory precharge water and water intended for injection in the engines.

53. What are the categories of MEL?

Ans: The MEL items may be categorized as follows:

(i) Category „A‟: Items in this category shall be repaired within the time interval specified
in the remarks column of the MEL.
(ii) Category „B‟: Items in this category shall be repaired within 3 (three) consecutive
calendar days, excluding the day the malfunction was recorded in the aircraft
maintenance record/logbook. For example, if it were recorded at 10 a.m. on January the
26th, the 3 day interval would begin at midnight of the 26th and end at midnight of the
29th.
(iii) Category „C‟: Items in this category shall be repaired within 10 (ten) consecutive
calendar days, excluding the day the malfunction was recorded in the aircraft
maintenance record/logbook. For example, if it were recorded at 10 a.m. on January the
26th, the 10 day interval would begin at midnight of the 26th and end at midnight of
February 5th.
(iv) Category „D‟: Items in this category shall be repaired within 120 (one hundred and
twenty) consecutive calendar days, excluding the day the malfunction was recorded in the
aircraft maintenance log and/or record.

54. Maintenance progremme and Maintenance schedule.

Ans: see question 48.

55. What are the requirements and record of AML?

Ans: An aircraft maintenance log (AML) shall contain at least the followings:

(a) A Title Page with the registered name and address of the operator, the aircraft type
and the full international registration marks of the aircraft.
(b) A valid Certificate of Maintenance Release as specified in the ANO (airworthiness)
B.3
(c) A statement on the next issue of Maintenance Release due at aircraft hours and date
(as may be applicable) to comply with the inspection cycle of the Approved Maintenance
Schedule and any out of phase inspection or component change due before that time.
(d) A readily identifiable section containing sector record pages at least in duplicate. Each
page shall be pre-printed with the operator's name and page serial number and shall make
provision for recording the following:

(i) The aircraft type and registration marks.

(ii) The date and place of take-off and landing.
(iii) The times at which the aircraft took off and landed.
(iv) Particulars of any defect in any part of the aircraft affecting the airworthiness or safe
operation of the aircraft which is known to the Pilot-5n-Command or, if no such defect is
known to him, an entry to that effect.
(v) The date and signature of the Pilot-in-Command following completion of item (d) (iv)
as mentioned above.
(vi) The arrival fuel state.
(vii) A Certificate of Compliance as required by the ANO (airworthiness) B.3 in respect
of any work carried out for the rectification of defects. This certificate shall be entered in
such a position and manner as to be readily identifiable with the entry of the defect to
which it relates.
(viii) The quantities of fuel and oil uplifted, and the quantity available in each tank, or
combination of tanks, at the beginning of each flight.
(ix) The running total of flying hours, such that the hours to the next inspection can be
readily determined.
(x) Provision of signatures for certification of Pre-Flight, Transit and Daily
Inspection as is applicable.
(xi) The times when ground de-icing (if applicable) was started and completed. (xii) The
running total of landings.
 (e) A readily identifiable section containing acceptable deferred defect record pages at
least in duplicate. Each page shall be pre-printed with the operator's name and page serial
number and shall make provision for recording the following:

(i) A cross-reference for each deferred defect such that the original defect can be clearly
identified in the sector record page section.
(ii) The original date of occurrence of the defect deferred,
(iii) Brief details of the defect.
(iv) A cross-reference for each deferred defect such that the action in respect of such
deferred defect can be readily identified on the sector record page.

RETENTION OF RECORDS:

 All entries in the Aircraft Maintenance Log shall be made at least in duplicate, with
provision for one copy of each entry to be removed and retained on the ground before the
next flight, except that, in the case of an airplane of which the maximum total weight
authorized does not exceed 2730kg, or a helicopter, if it is not reasonably practicable for
the copy of the Aircraft Maintenance Log to be kept on the ground it may be carried in
the airplane or helicopter, as the case may be, in a fire proof (reasonably) box approved
by the CAAB for that purpose. Adequate arrangements shall be made to extract
information recorded in the Aircraft maintenance Log for use by the maintenance
organization and component overhaul organization.
 All entries and signature in the AML shall be made in ink or indelible pencil.
 All entries in the Aircraft maintenance Log shall be retained by the operator for a period
not less than two years after the particular aircraft has been destroyed or permanently
withdrawn from use and its Certificate of Registration in cancelled. The CAAB may
consider a different retention period in a particular case.

56. What are the different parts of ANO & What are they prescribed?

Ans: see question 29.

57. How the ANO is arranged?

Ans: ANO are arranged under various Parts and in descending orders as Chapters,
Sections, Paragraphs and Sub-paragraphs.

58. What is the license issued by ICAO Annex-1?

Ans: Personnel Licensing such as Licensing of flight crews, air traffic control
officers and aircraft maintenance personnel is issued by ICAO Annex-1.

Licenses granting privileges for maintenance, inspection, modification, repair and

replacement of aircraft components, defined in ICAO Annex 1 as TYPE I and II
Licenses.
59. What are the categories and sub-categories in ICAO Annex-1 Type II license?

Ans: Licenses granting privileges for maintenance, inspection, modification, repair and
replacement of aircraft components, defined in ICAO Annex 1 as TYPE II Licenses, are
issued in the following categories and their sub-categories:

CATEGORIES SUB-CATEGORIES

"A" (Airframe) - Unpressurised Aeroplanes

- Pressurized Aeroplanes
- Rotorcraft

"C" (Engine) - Piston Engine

- Turbine Engine

"E" (Electrical) - DC power AC power

"I" (Instrument) - General Aircraft Instruments

- Integrated Flight Systems

"R" (Radio) - Communications Navigation

- Pulse & FM

60. What are the categories and sub-categories in ICAO Annex-1 Type I license?

Ans: Licenses granting privileges for overhaul, maintenance, inspection, modification,

repair and replacement of aircraft components defined in ICAO Annex 1 as Type 1
licenses are issued in the following two categories and sub-categories.

CATEGORIES SUB-CATEGORIES

"B" (Airframe) - Unpressurised Aeroplanes

"D" (Engines) - Piston Engines

61. What are the requirements of LWTR by CAR‟84 / by ANO?

Ans: see question 19.

A license without type rating (LWTR) in any category may be issued. A License without
Type Rating shall have no certification privileges.

An applicant for an AME LWTR shall:

(a) Be not less than 21 years of age.

(b) Have sufficient knowledge of the English language to perform the duties of an AME.
(c) Not suffer from any disability likely to affect the technical skill or judgment
requirement of an AME.
(d) Have completed the appropriate training requirements.
(e) Have acquired the appropriate practical experience.
(f) Have successfully completed the appropriate written and oral examinations.
(g) Have passed at least any one of the following acceptable to the Chairman:
i) Higher Secondary School Certificate in Science, or
ii) Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Engineering, or
iii) Diploma in Mechanical Engineering, or
iv) Diploma in Electrical or Electronic Engineering.

The Chairman may exempt from such of the requirements above of this order, any person
as he thinks fit who holds a valid AME License (LWTR) or equivalent certification
issued by the competent authority of a contracting State, and which meets the intent of
ICAO Annex 1.

62. What type of aircraft are group 1 and 2 type ratings?

Ans:
Group 1 Aircraft includes all Unpressurised Aeroplanes having Maximum Total Weight
Authorized (MTWA) of 5700 Kg or less.

Group 2 aircraft includes all aeroplanes with MTWA higher than 5700Kg. All
pressurized aeroplanes and all Rotorcraft.

63. What do you mean by level 1, 2 and 3 of syllabus?

Ans: The level numbers shown against each syllabus subject indicates the level of
knowledge required for that subject.

Level numbers are normally specified for both LWTR and type ratings; for example,
L2/R1 means that level 2 knowledge is required for the License and level 1 for the type
rating, or, if a level number appears as L2/-, no additional knowledge is required for the
type rating.
 There are three knowledge levels, defined as follows:
Level 1: General knowledge of the subject.
Level 2: Comprehension of principles with a practical ability to assess operational
condition.
Level 3: Detailed knowledge of all aspects of the subject.

64. Deleted.

65. What are the contexts of certificate for first aid and emergency kit?

Ans:
Unless otherwise approved by the Chairman, no Bangladesh registered aircraft shall be
flown unless it is equipped for the treatment of injuries or medical emergencies likely to
occur in flight or in minor accidents with at least:

(a) One first aid kit where the aircraft has not more than 50 passenger seats.
(b) Two first aid kits where the aircraft has at least 51 but not more than 150
passenger seats.
(c) Three first aid kits where the aircraft has at least 151 but not more than 250
passenger seats.
(d) Four first aid kits where the aircraft has more than 250 passenger seats.

Each passenger carrying Bangladesh registered aircraft engaged in international

commercial air transport service shall be equipped with at least one emergency medical
kit.
Each emergency medical kit shall be stowed securely in a clearly marked location readily
accessible to crew members, and in a manner to keep it free from dust, moisture and
temperature extremes.

CERTIFICATION:
The contents and serviceability of the contents for each first aid kit and each emergency
medical kit shall initially and subsequently at twelve month intervals, be verified and
certified by a medical officer or by an authorized representative of an approved safety
equipment shop.

The certification shall be affixed to the container exterior and shall contain the serial
number, date of certification, expiry date and signature and authorization number of the
person certifying.
66. Deleted.

67. What are FDR and CVR?

Ans:
"Flight Data Recorder (FDR)" means type of recorder installed in the aircraft for
recording of specified flight parameters for the purpose of complementing
accident/incident investigation that meets the current recording requirements approved by
the Chairman.
"Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)" means type of recorder installed in the aircraft for
recording of the aural environment on the flight deck during flight times for the purpose
of complementing accident/incident investigation that meets the current recording
requirements approved by the Chairman.

68. Deleted.

69. What is defect, Modification, Repair, and List of defect?

Ans: see question 51, 42, 43.

70. What are the organizational requirements for part-147?

Ans:
147.A.100 Facility requirements
147.A.105 Personnel requirements
147.A.110 Records of instructors, examiners and assessors
147.A.115 Instructional equipment
147.A.120 Maintenance training material
147.A.125 Records
147.A.130 Training procedures and quality system
147.A.135 Examinations
147.A.140 Maintenance training organisation exposition
147.A.145 Privileges of the maintenance training organisation
147.A.150 Changes to the maintenance training organisation
147.A.155 Continued validity
147.A.160 Findings

71. Category and sub-category of license for LWTR in part-66.

Ans:
Licence categories:
(a) Aircraft maintenance licenses include:
- Category A: Maintenance Certifying Staff
- Category B1: Maintenance Certifying Staff (Mechanical)
- Category B2: Maintenance Certifying Staff (Avionic)
 - Category B3: Maintenance Certifying Staff for piston-engine non-pressurized
aeroplanes of 2000 Kg MTOM and below.
- Category C: Base Maintenance Certifying Staff

(b) Categories A and B1 are subdivided into subcategories relative to combinations of

aeroplanes, helicopters, turbine and piston engines. The subcategories are:
- A1 and B1.1 Aeroplanes Turbine
- A2 and B1.2 Aeroplane Piston
- A3 and B1.3 Helicopters Turbine
- A4 and B1.4 Helicopters Piston

(c) Categories B3 is applicable to piston-engine non-pressurized aeroplanes of 2000 Kg

MTOM and below.

Individual aircraft maintenance license holders need to be restricted to a single category,

provided that each qualification requirement is satisfied, any combination of categories
may be granted.

72. AMC 66.A.10 Application.

Ans:

1. Maintenance experience should be written up in a manner that the reader has a reasonable
understanding of where, when and what maintenance constitutes the experience. A task by
task account is not necessary but at the same time a bland statement “X years maintenance
experience completed” is not acceptable. A log book of maintenance experience is desirable
and CAAB may require such log books to be kept. It is acceptable to cross refer in the CAAB
Form 19 to other documents containing information on maintenance.

2. Applicants claiming the maximum reduction in Part 66.A.30(a) total experience based
upon having successfully completed CAAB approved basic training, should include the ANO
(AW) Part 147 certificate of recognition for approved basic training.

3. Applicants claiming reduction in Part 66.A.30(a) total experience based upon having
successfully completed technical training in an organization or institute recognized by CAAB
as a competent organization or institute, should include the relevant certificate of successful
completion of training.
 73. 66.A.20 Privileges.

Ans:
(a) The following privileges shall apply:

1. A category A aircraft maintenance license permits the holder to issue certificates of

release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect
rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the certification
authorization referred to in point 145.A.35 of Part-145. The certification privileges shall
be restricted to work that the license holder has personally performed in the maintenance
organization that issued the certification authorization.

2. A category B1 aircraft maintenance license shall permit the holder to issue certificates
of release to service and to act as B1 support staff following:

- Maintenance performed on aircraft structure, powerplant and mechanical and electrical

systems.
- Work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and
not requiring troubleshooting.

Category B1 includes the corresponding A subcategory.

3. A category B2 aircraft maintenance license shall permit the holder:

(i) To issue certificates of release to service and to act as B2 support staff for following:

- Maintenance performed on avionic and electrical systems, and

- Electrical and avionics tasks within powerplant and mechanical systems, requiring only
simple tests to prove their serviceability; and

(ii) to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance
and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the
certification authorization referred to in point 145.A.35 of Part-145. This certification
privilege shall be restricted to work that the license holder has personally performed in
the maintenance organization, which issued the certification authorization and limited to
the ratings already endorsed in the B2 license.

The category B2 license does not include any A subcategory.

4. A category B3 aircraft maintenance license shall permit the holder to issue certificates
of release to service and to act as B3 support staff for:

- Maintenance performed on aeroplane structure, powerplant and mechanical and

electrical systems.
- Work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and
not requiring troubleshooting.
 5. A category C aircraft maintenance license shall permit the holder to issue certificates
of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. The privileges apply to the
aircraft in its entirety in a Part-145 organization.

(b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance license may not exercise certification privileges unless:

1. in compliance with the applicable requirements of Part-M and/or Part-145.

2. in the preceding two-year period he/she has, either had six months of maintenance
experience in accordance with the privileges granted by the aircraft maintenance license
or, met the provision for the issue of the appropriate privileges.

3. he/she has the adequate competence to certify maintenance on the corresponding

aircraft; and

4. he/she is able to read, write and communicate to an understandable level in the

language(s) in which the technical documentation and procedures necessary to support
the issue of the certificate of release to service are written.

74. 66.A.25.

Ans:

66.A.25 Basic knowledge requirements:

(a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance license or the addition of a category or
subcategory to such an aircraft maintenance license shall demonstrate, by examination, a
level of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules in accordance with Appendix I to
this Part.
The examinations shall be conducted either by a training organization appropriately
approved in accordance with under Part 147 or by CAAB.

(b) The training courses and examinations shall be passed within ten years prior to the
application for an aircraft maintenance license or the addition of a category or
subcategory to such aircraft maintenance license. Should this not be the case,
examination credits may however be obtained in accordance with point (c).

(c) The applicant may apply to CAAB for full or partial examination credit to the basic
knowledge requirements for:

1. Basic knowledge examinations that do not meet the requirement described in point (b)
above; and
2. Any other technical qualification considered by CAAB to be equivalent to the
knowledge standard of Part-66.
Credits shall be granted in accordance with Subpart E of Section B of this Part.
 (d) Credits expire ten years after they were granted to the applicant by CAAB. The
applicant may apply for new credits after expiration.

75. What is SARI and how many members are there?

Ans: The Civil Aviation Authorities of South Asian Regional Initiative (SARI) has 7
Member State. They are Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and
Nepal.

76. What are the organizational requirements of part-147?

Ans: see question 70.

77. What are the objectives of Air traffic service?

Ans: CAA, Bangladesh is the statutory authority responsible for providing Air Traffic
Services in Bangladesh. No other agency shall provide an air traffic service unless
approved by the Chairman.

The Chairman may delegate to another State the responsibility for establishing and
providing air traffic services in flight information regions, control areas or control zones
extending over the territories.

Objective of Air Traffic Services:

(a) To prevent collisions between aircraft and on the maneuvering area, between aircraft
and obstructions;
(b) To expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic;
(c) To provide such advice and information as may be useful for the safe and efficient
conduct of fights; and
(d) To notify and alert appropriate organizations regarding aircraft known to be, or
believed to be, in need of search and rescue aid and assisting those organizations as
required.

78. Log book

Ans: see question 24.